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    Lab 4

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    Waqas Anwar
    This document describes an experiment to test the soundness of cement using the Le-Chatelier method. The test involves making a cement paste, placing it in a Le-Chatelier apparatus between glass plates, then measuring the expansion of the paste after it is submerged in water at room temperature for 24 hours and boiled for 3 hours. Cement is considered unsound if the difference between the measurements after room temperature and boiling is greater than 10mm, indicating excessive expansion from changes in volume. Factors that can cause unsoundness include excess gypsum, lime, or magnesia in the cement composition.

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    Lab 4

    Uploaded by

    Waqas Anwar
    32 views5 pages
    This document describes an experiment to test the soundness of cement using the Le-Chatelier method. The test involves making a cement paste, placing it in a Le-Chatelier apparatus between glass plates, then measuring the expansion of the paste after it is submerged in water at room temperature for 24 hours and boiled for 3 hours. Cement is considered unsound if the difference between the measurements after room temperature and boiling is greater than 10mm, indicating excessive expansion from changes in volume. Factors that can cause unsoundness include excess gypsum, lime, or magnesia in the cement composition.

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    This document describes an experiment to test the soundness of cement using the Le-Chatelier method. The test involves making a cement paste, placing it in a Le-Chatelier apparatus between glass plates, then measuring the expansion of the paste after it is submerged in water at room temperature for 24 hours and boiled for 3 hours. Cement is considered unsound if the difference between the measurements after room temperature and boiling is greater than 10mm, indicating excessive expansion from changes in volume. Factors that can cause unsoundness include excess gypsum, lime, or magnesia in the cement composition.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    32 views5 pages

    Lab 4

    Uploaded by

    Waqas Anwar
    This document describes an experiment to test the soundness of cement using the Le-Chatelier method. The test involves making a cement paste, placing it in a Le-Chatelier apparatus between glass plates, then measuring the expansion of the paste after it is submerged in water at room temperature for 24 hours and boiled for 3 hours. Cement is considered unsound if the difference between the measurements after room temperature and boiling is greater than 10mm, indicating excessive expansion from changes in volume. Factors that can cause unsoundness include excess gypsum, lime, or magnesia in the cement composition.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 5

    CE-125L: Concrete Technology Lab

    EXPERIMENT NO. 4: Standard Test Method for determination of Soundness of H. Cement


    by Le-Chatelier method
    • Testing Procedure: ASTM C189:

    • Why is this test required?


    ▪ The term soundness means the ability to resist volume expansion.

    ▪ Cement shall not undergo any appreciable volume change.

    ▪ Large expansion after setting causes disruption of set and hardened mass.

    ▪ Unsound cement can severely affect the durability of the structure as volume
    change can cause cracking.

    ▪ Soundness of cement is tested to make sure that the cement is sound and it
    does not undergo large volume change.

    Engr. Hamna Shakeel


    CE-125L: Concrete Technology Lab
    EXPERIMENT NO. 4: Standard Test Method for determination of Soundness of H. Cement
    by Le-Chatelier method

    • Causes of Unsoundness
    • Calcium sulphate (CaSO4) is added in cement to avoid flash set, the
    quantity of gypsum is kept between 3-5% depending upon the
    quantity of C3A. If the quantity of gypsum is more than that which can
    be combined with C3A, gypsum will remain in cement in free state.
    This excess gypsum leads to expansion of set cement paste.
    • Soundness of cement is affected by the presence of excess lime (CaO)
    in the cement. This excess lime hydrates very slowly and forms slaked
    lime that occupies a larger volume than the original free calcium
    oxide. The slow hydration process, therefore, affects the properties of
    hardened concrete. The difference in the rate of hydration of free
    lime and slaked lime leads to change in volume of hardened concrete
    • Free Magnesia (MgO) reacts with water very slowly, which causes the
    expansion after the solidification of cement.

    Engr. Hamna Shakeel


    CE-125L: Concrete Technology Lab
    EXPERIMENT NO. 4: Standard Test Method for determination of Soundness of H. Cement
    by Le-Chatelier method
    • Apparatus
    i. Le-Chateliers apparatus
    ii. Glass Plates
    iii. Weighing Balance
    iv. Weights
    v. Spatula
    vi. Le-Chateliers water bath
    vii. Vernier Calliper

    Engr. Hamna Shakeel


    CE-125L: Concrete Technology Lab
    EXPERIMENT NO. 4: Standard Test Method for determination of Soundness of H. Cement
    by Le-Chatelier method
    • Procedure:
    i. Make a cement paste of by gauging cement with 0.78*P (0.78 time the water
    required for normal consistency)
    ii. Place the lightly oiled Le-Chateliers apparatus on slightly oiled glass sheet, fill it
    with cement paste, cover it with another oiled glass plate.
    iii. Put weight on the covering glass.
    iv. Immerse the assembly in water bath of temperature 27 +- 2oC for 24 hrs.
    v. After 24 hrs, take out the assembly, measure the distance between the
    indicators.
    vi. Place the assembly in in water again and bring it to boil in 25 to 30 min.
    vii. After boiling for three hours, take out the assembly and again measure the
    distance between the indicators.
    viii. The distance between the two readings indicate exapnsion

    Engr. Hamna Shakeel


    CE-125L: Concrete Technology Lab
    EXPERIMENT NO. 4: Standard Test Method for determination of Soundness of H. Cement
    by Le-Chatelier method
    • Observations and calculations

    Distance separating the indicator Distances separating the The difference


    S.No. submerge in normal temp water indicator submerge in between two Remarks
    for 24 hours boiling water for 3 hours measurements
    1

    The difference between two measurements indicates the expansion of the cement.
    This must not exceed 10 mm for ordinary, rapid hardening and low heat Portland
    cements.
    If in case the expansion is more than 10 mm as tested above, the cement is said to
    be unsound.

    Engr. Hamna Shakeel

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