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    Exp - No.2 - Verification of KVL and KCL

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    forest life
    This document describes experiments to verify Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) and Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) using simple circuits. It provides the theory behind KCL and KVL, circuit diagrams for the experiments, procedures to collect data and show calculations, and example questions analyzing the effects of measurement device internal resistance on the results.

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    Exp - No.2 - Verification of KVL and KCL

    Uploaded by

    forest life
    55 views3 pages
    This document describes experiments to verify Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) and Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) using simple circuits. It provides the theory behind KCL and KVL, circuit diagrams for the experiments, procedures to collect data and show calculations, and example questions analyzing the effects of measurement device internal resistance on the results.

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    Exp.no.2_Verification of KVL and KCL

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    This document describes experiments to verify Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) and Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) using simple circuits. It provides the theory behind KCL and KVL, circuit diagrams for the experiments, procedures to collect data and show calculations, and example questions analyzing the effects of measurement device internal resistance on the results.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    55 views3 pages

    Exp - No.2 - Verification of KVL and KCL

    Uploaded by

    forest life
    This document describes experiments to verify Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) and Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) using simple circuits. It provides the theory behind KCL and KVL, circuit diagrams for the experiments, procedures to collect data and show calculations, and example questions analyzing the effects of measurement device internal resistance on the results.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Verification of Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) and Kirchhoff’s

    Voltage Law (KVL)

    1 Objectives
    To Verify KCL and KVL from the given circuits.

    2 Theory
    2.1 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law
    Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) states that the algebraic sum of all branch voltages around any closed
    path in a circuit is always zero at all instants of time. KVL is a consequence of conservation of energy.
    In Fig. 1, application of KVL results in (1).

    Vs = V1 + V2 + V3 (1)

    R1 R2 R3
    a b c d e f
    + − + − + −
    V1 V2 V3

    + −

    Vs

    Fig. 1: Circuit 1

    2.2 Kirchhoff’s Current Law


    Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) states that the sum of the currents entering into any node/point/junction
    is equal to the sum of the currents leaving that node/point/junction. KCL is a consequence of conservation
    of charge. In Fig. 2, application of KCL results in (2).

    IT = I1 + I2 + I3 (2)

    IT

    a
    I1 I2 I3

    Vs

    IT

    Fig. 2: Circuit 2
    3 Procedure
    3.1 Verification of KCL
    1. Make the connections according to circuit shown in Fig. 3.

    2. Vary the supply voltage and take corresponding readings of IL , I1 and I2 from the ammeter.

    3. Verify the readings against theoretically calculated values. Present your observations and results in
    a tabular form as given below.

    4. Show one sample calculation.

    R1 (0-25 mA)
    + mA − I1 I2
    IL 1kΩ

    R2 1kΩ R3 1kΩ
    Vin +
    (0-30 V) −
    + +
    (0-25 mA) mA mA (0-25 mA)
    − −

    Fig. 3: Circuit for verification of KCL

    Vin I1 (mA) I2 (mA) IL = I1 + I2 (mA)


    (V) Theoretical Practical Theoretical Practical Theoretical Practical

    3.2 Verification of KVL


    1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram shown in Fig. 4.

    2. Vary the supply voltage and take corresponding readings V1 and V2 from the voltmeter.

    3. Verify the readings against theoretically calculated values. Present your observations and results in
    a tabular form as given below.

    4. Show one sample calculation.

    Note: All theoretical values can be found using either mesh analysis or nodal analysis and also using
    voltage division rule and current division rule where it is applicable.
    (0-30 V)
    + V1 −
    R1

    1kΩ
    +
    Vin + V
    R2 1kΩ 2 (0-30 V)
    (0-30 V) − −

    Fig. 4: Circuit for verification of KVL

    Vin V1 (V) V2 (V) Vin = V1 + V2 (V)


    (V) Theoretical Practical Theoretical Practical Theoretical Practical

    4 Questions
    1. In the circuit for verification of KCL (Fig. 3), assume all resistances are of 5 Ω. If the internal
    resistance of all ammeters is 0.5 Ω, show by calculations the effect of presence of ammeters in the
    circuit on measured current values against the theoretical values. When will this effect be minimum?

    2. In the circuit for verification of KVL (Fig. 4), assume all resistances are of 5 MΩ. If the internal
    resistance of all voltmeters is 10 MΩ, show by calculations the effect of presence of voltmeters
    in the circuit on measured voltage values against the theoretical values. When will this effect be
    minimum?

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