SOLAR WATER SPRAYER

A Mini Project Report Submitted In partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology in
Electrical and Electronics Engineering
By
RAMAVATH SANDEEP 19N31A0237
BHUKYA MANASA RATHOD 19N31A0205
PINNITI SHIVA SHANKAR REDDY 19N31A0232
Under the esteemed guidance of

Dr. M. SHARANYA
HOD & Professor

Department of Electrical and Electronics

Engineering
Malla Reddy College of Engineering &
Technology
(Autonomous Institution- UGC, Govt. of India)
(Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad, Approved by AICTE, NBA &NAAC with
‘A’ Grade)
Maisammaguda, Kompally, Dhulapally, Secunderabad –
500100 website: www.mrcet.ac.in

2019-2023

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 SOLAR WATER SPRAYER

A Mini Project Report Submitted In partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology in
Electrical and Electronics Engineering

By
RAMAVATH SANDEEP 19N31A0237
BHUKYA MANASA RATHOD 19N31A0205
PINNITI SHIVA SHANKAR REDDY 19N31A0232

Under the esteemed guidance of

Dr. M. SHARANYA
HOD & Professor

Department of Electrical and Electronics

Engineering
Malla Reddy College of Engineering &
Technology
(Autonomous Institution- UGC, Govt. of India)
(Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad, Approved by AICTE, NBA &NAAC with
‘A’ Grade)
Maisammaguda, Kompally, Dhulapally, Secunderabad –
500100 website: www.mrcet.ac.in
2019-2023
2
 Malla Reddy College of Engineering &
Technology
(Autonomous Institution- UGC, Govt. of India)
(Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad, Approved by AICTE, NBA &NAAC with
‘A’ Grade)
Maisammaguda, Kompally, Dhulapally, Secunderabad –
500100 website: www.mrcet.ac.in

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this is the bonafide record of the mini project entitled SOLAR
WATER SPRAYER, submitted by Ramavath Sandeep (19N31A0237), Bhukya
Manasa Rathod(19N31A0205) and Pinniti Shiva Shankar Reddy (19N31A0232)
of B.Tech in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of
Technology in Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering during the year 2021-2022. The results embodied in this mini
project report have not been submitted to any other University or Institute for the award
of any degree or diploma.

Internal Guide Head of the Department

Dr. M. Sharanya Dr. M. Sharanya

Professor Professor

External Examiner

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 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the mini project titled Solar Water Sprayer submitted to
Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology (UGC Autonomous), affiliated
to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad (JNTUH) for the award of
the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electrical and Electronics Engineering is a
result of original research carried-out in this thesis. It is further declared that the mini
project report or any part thereof has not been previously submitted to any University
or Institute for the award of degree or diploma.

Ramavath Sandeep - 19N31A0237

Bhukya Manasa Rathod - 19N31A0205
Pinniti Shiva Shankar Reddy - 19N31A0232

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We feel ourselves honored and privileged to place our warm salutation to our college Malla Reddy
College of Engineering and Technology (UGC-Autonomous), our Director Dr. VSK Reddy and
Principal Dr. S. Srinivasa Rao who gave us the opportunity to have experience in engineering
and profound technical knowledge.

My deep sense of gratitude to our Department Director Prof K. Subhas for his invaluable support
and guidance. We express our heartiest thanks to our Head of the Department Dr. M. Sharanya
for encouraging us in every aspect of our project and helping us realize our full potential.

Our sincere thanks to the Project Coordinator Mr. M. Kumara Swamy for his valuable
suggestions. We would like to thank our internal guide Dr. M. Sharanya for his regular guidance
and constant encouragement. We are extremely grateful to his valuable suggestions and
unflinching co-operation throughout project work.

We would like to thank our Class In-charge Mr. K. Aravinda Swamy who in spite of being busy
with his duties took time to guide and keep us on the correct path.

We would also like to thank all the supporting staff of the Department of EEE and all other
departments who have been helpful directly or indirectly in making our project a success.

We are extremely grateful to our parents for their blessings and prayers for the completion of our
project that gave us strength to do our project.

With Regards and Gratitude

Ramavath Sandeep - 19N31A0237

Bhukya Manasa Rathod - 19N31A0205
Pinniti Shiva Shankar Reddy - 19N31A0232

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 ABSTRACT

This project is to reduce the cost of fuel and to free from the effect of
emission of gases from the burnt fuel into the atmosphere. This necessitated the use
of the abundant solar energy from the sun as a source of power to drive a sprayer
The Photovoltaic (PV) panel of 12 V, 10 W capacity configured to trap the sun’s
energy and convert into the useful power, which was used to perform the work of
spraying. Solar PV(SPV) Panel was used for operating the sprayer and for charging
a battery. The motor was used to regulate spraying liquid from the sprayer tank of 5
litres and spray it through spinning disc nozzle. The SPV operated sprayer was also
provided with 12volt, 4.5amp lead acid battery which was used as alternative power
source during cloudy atmosphere.

Keywords: Solar panel, Lithium Battery, Sprayer tank.

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 CONTENTS

COVER
CERTIFICATE
DECLARATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF FIGURES
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
PROBLEM STATEMENT 1
OBJECTIVES 2
SCOPE OF WORK 2
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 3
SPECIFICATIONS OF SPRAYER 4
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 5
CHAPTER 3: REVIEW OF COMPONENTS USED 6
SOLAR PANEL 6
CHARGE CONTROLLER 8
BATTERY 9
DC MOTOR 10
TANK 10
CHAPTER 4: WORKING PRINCIPLE AND OPERATION 12
PRINCIPLE 12
OPERATION OF SOLAR WATER SPRAYER 13
POWER CONVERSION EFFICIENCY: 13
OPERATING SYSTEM OF SOLAR PANEL 14
CHAPTER 5: RESULTS 16
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 16

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MRITS 16
DEMERITS 17
APPLICATIONS 17
CONCLUSION 18
REFERENCES 19

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 TABLE OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Specification of Solar Sprayer

Figure 2: Specification of Fuel Water Sprayer
Figure 3: 12V Solar panel
Figure 4: Solar Charge controller
Figure 5: 12V Battery
Figure 6: 12v DC Motor
Figure 7: Tank
Figure 8: Design of Solar sprayer
Figure 9: Circuit diagram of Solar water sprayer
Figure 10: Solar water sprayer
Figure 11: Working condition of solar water sprayer

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Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology Department of EEE

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

Solar spray are the ultimate cost effective solution at the locations where spraying is
required. This solar-powered spray pump system uses solar energy as source. Solar energy is first
used to charge a storage battery. The solar energy storedin the battery is utilized to operate motor
which functions as pump. As the name ofthe paper suggests, it deals with the constant discharge
of pesticide, compress air control system, solar power, battery charging, monitoring as well as
timer and non- conventional power controlling techniques. As far as controlling is concerned, it
include the parameters such as pressure, pesticide level, battery voltage, current, solar cell and
discharge condition.
In this paper we are trying to make unique equipment for cultivation users. Mostlyin the forming
process pesticide spray is taking a critical role due to poison propertiesof chemical. So, in this paper
we have committed to do something unique and useful equipment with nonconventional source
technique. Also reduce the weight of unique solar spray "et as compare to diesel spray

jet.

PROBLEM STATEMENT
Solar energy can be stored to utilize at night and when there is a cloudy conditions.
Storage is an important issue in the development of solar energy becausecontinuous availability is
a vital requirement of modern energy use. Solar energy is only available in the hours of daylight.
Solar energy is stored in form of heat or electrical energy. Solar energy is also stored as
Mechanical energy in the form of flywheel.

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 Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology Department of EEE

OBJECTIVES
The main objective is to utilize the inherently available solar energy inspraying
operations.
• To cut down the cost employed for spraying machines.
• Decreasing the operational cost by further introducing new mechanisms.
• To decrease labor costs by advancing the spraying methods.
• To consume zero electricity.
• Uninterrupted spraying operation at the field throughout the year.
SCOPE OF WORK

Solar operated pesticide sprayer is fabricated to meet the demands of farmers such as
reduced maintenance cost, shortage of electricity and fuel. The main parts of solar operated
pesticide sprayer consist of Solar panel, DC Pump, Battery,tank, Nozzle, Spray gun etc.

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Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology Department of EEE

CHAPTER 2:
LITERATURE REVIEW

Abhishek Jivrag [1] describes invention and operation of multiple granulated pesticides
duster with the use of solar energy. The concoction is accomplished by the use of solar panel,
impeller type centrifugal blower, gear reduction mechanism, dispensers, D.C motors and
batteries. In addition, the duster has been equipped witha facility to operate on an electric supply,
which serves beneficial in the absence of sunlight. The device essentially works for disbursing
solid granulated (powder) form of pesticide. The operator controls the rate and discharge of
different pesticides by means of push buttons and toggle switches. The technical specifications
of the device are worked and examined in a way to minimize the weight of the device anddeplete
the feeder unit dispenser in a span of three hours.
R.Joshua, V.Vasu et al [2] “Energy demand” is one of the major problems for our country.
Finding solutions, to meet the “Energy demand” is the great challenge for Social Scientist,
Engineers Entrepreneurs and Industrialist of our Country. According to them application non-
conventional energy is the only alternate solution for conventional energy demand. Now-a- days
the concept and technology employing this nonconventional energy became very popular for all
kinds of development activities. Solar energy plays an important role in drying agriculture
products and for irrigation purpose for pumping the well water in remote village without
electricity.
B. van Campen,[3] Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have shown their potential in rural
electrification projects around the world, especially concerning Solar Home Systems. With
continuing price decreases of PV systems, other applications are becoming economically
attractive and experience is gained with the use of PV in such areas as social and communal
services, agriculture and other productive activities, which can have a significant impact on rural
development. There is still a lack of information, however, on the potential and limitations of
such PV applications. The main aim of this study is, therefore, to contribute to a better
understanding of the potential impact and of the limitations of PV systems on sustainable
agriculture and rural development (SARD), especially concerning income-generating activities.

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Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology Department of EEE

SPECIFICATIONS OF SPRAYER
Power Sprayer are used to discharge pesticides and fertilizers in the liquid form. It is Two
Stokes Petrol Engine. It needs fuel and Oil for its operation. The Mechanical parts of the engine
operates with this fuel energy. The Two Stroke Petrol engine mounted on a power sprayer is as
shown in figure(1). The overall view of the power sprayer existing in the market with its
components and parts are shown in figure 2.

Fig.1

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Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology Department of EEE

Fig.2
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS:

Components Specification

Capacity of Sprayer Tank 5 Liters

Solar panel 12v, 4.5Amp

Rechargeable Battery 12v, 10W

DC Motor 12v

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Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology Department of EEE

CHAPTER 3:
REVIEW OF COMPONENTS USED
This chapter focuses on various components and elements that have beenused in the
project. These include:
1) Solar Panel
2) Charge controller
3) Battery
4) DC Motor
5) Tank
6) Hoses
7) Nozzle

SOLAR PANEL :
In solar photovoltaic (PV) technology the solar radiation falling on a device called solar
cells converted directly into electricity without any environmental pollution. Spy pumping
systems are ideal for lifting water for drinking and irrigation without harming the environment.
These pumps can be installed in boreholes, tanks,cisterns or rivers

Fig 3. 12V Solar panel

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Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology Department of EEE

Features
1. Irradiance (sunlight intensity or power), in Watts per square meter fallingon a flat
surface. The measurement standard is 1 kW per sq. m. (1,000 Watts/m2).
2. Air Mass, which refers to “thickness” and clarity of the air through whichthe sunlight
passes to reach the modules (sun angle affects this value). Thestandard is 1.5.
3. Cell temperature, which will differ from ambient air temperature. STCdefines cell
testing temperature as 25 degrees C.

Specifications

Maximum Power 10wp

Voltage at max Power 18.02V
Current at max power 0.66A
Open circuit voltage 21.50V
Short circuit current 0.61A
Tolerance +/- 3%

Precautions
Following conditions must be considered before application:

• Inspect your equipment to ensure it’s in safe working condition.

• Work a safe distance from power lines.
• Cover the solar array with an opaque sheet to “turn off” the sun’s light.
• Lockout/Tagout and de-energize AC and DC power sources.
• Always test circuits to ensure they are de-energized before working on them.
• Use a current clamp to check for hazardous energy before working on PVpanels.

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 Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology Department of EEE

• Take special care around inverters. These can hold a powerful charge evenwhen power
is removed.
• Never disconnect PV connectors or other equipment that’s under load.
• Wear the appropriate PPE for electrical safety.

CHARGE CONTROLLER

A solar charge controller is fundamentally a voltage or current controller to charge

the battery and keep electric cells from overcharging. It directs the voltage and current hailing
from the solar panels setting off to the electric cell. Generally, 12V boards/panels put out in the
ballpark of 16 to 20V, so if there is no regulation the electric cells will damage from
overcharging. Generally, electric storage devices require around 14 to 14.5V to get completely
charged. The solar charge controllers are available in all features, costs, and sizes. The range of
charge controllers is from4.5A and up to 60 to 80A.

Fig 4. Solar Charge Controller

Features
• Protects the battery (12V) from overcharging
• Reduces system maintenance and increases battery lifetime
• Auto charged indication
• Reliability is high

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Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology Department of EEE

• 10amp to 40amp of charging current

• Monitors the reverse current flow
Specifications

Power 25W
Model HSS25-12V
Charge Controller type PWM Type
Automatic
Rated Voltage 12V output
Phase Single phase
Brand RTPL
Solar Array Single Array
Body Material ABS
Battery Type Lead Acid/Li-Ion/LiFePo4
Portable Yes
Annual Maintenance No
Contract
Application Solar System Controller

BATTERY

A battery is a device, which consists of a various voltaic cells. A battery is an

electrochemical cell that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. It comprises of two
electrodes: an anode (the positive electrode) and a cathode (the negative electrode), with an
electrolyte between them. At each electrode a half-cellelectrochemical reaction takes place.

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Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology Department of EEE

Fig5. 12V Battery

DC MOTOR
The DC motor is the motor which converts the direct current into the mechanical work. It
works on the principle of Lorentz Law, which states that “the current carrying conductor placed in a
magnetic and electric field experience a force”. And that force is the Lorentz force.

Fig 6. 12V DC Motor

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TANK
Generally pesticide tank consists of one inlet and one output and it is connected with a
hose to spray the liquids. The capacity of the tank is as required to the application of the farm
fields. It is made up of steel or plastic and it has thecapacity to withstand the liquid and it
should be not get corroded because of the liquid .It also maintains the same temperature of the
liquid inside the tank. It is available in different sizes

Fig 7 Tank

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Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology Department of EEE

CHAPTER 4:
WORKING PRINCIPLE AND OPERATION
PRINCIPLE
Solar radiation can be converted directly into electricity using semiconductor devices,
which are known as Photovoltaic cells (PV) when Sunlight falls upon the Solar cell a part of the
light is absorbed and it is converted into electrical energy by means of electron movements. This
Solar panel is connected to 12v lead acid battery for storing the electrical energy. A 12V motor is
connected to the lead acid battery to convert the electrical energy into mechanical energy. Then
the pesticide is made to flow through the spray gun at 2.6 liters per minute.

Fig 8. Design of Solar Water Sprayer

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Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology Department of EEE

OPERATION OF SOLAR WATER SPRAYER

1. The above dig. Shows of solar operated spraying system.
2. The design of solar operated sprayer pump consist of three main part,
a. solar panel unit
b. Storage battery unit
c. Rotating motor with nozzle
3. In the solar sprayer with solar panel is combined with storage battery and rotating motor. The
acting of rotating motor could be control by a switch attach with control unit. In the assembly solar
panel arrangement has been provided at the top of unit to charge the storage battery.
4. The unit of solar panel storage battery and rotating dc motor were mutually attached with one
another a solar panel size of 30x20 semi area with and output power of 57 watt has been mounted
on stand .which fixed the with the help of screw. The solar panel arrangement was made parallel
to earth it should not create trouble to the person who is operating more over it is able to receive
maximum solar radiation continuously from the sun during the operation of the unit.
5. The frame which is manufactured at the workshop. We drill 4 hole unit. 4 bolt which has size
of 8mm had inserted that 4 holes and the pipe is inserted on the bolt [30mm]. To avoid wear and
tear the washer is inserted along the wheel in the bolt then 2 nut tights. The same process is applied
for 3 wheel.
6. The plastic water tank is place on the frame for fixed is position weld two additional support
for tank for a fixed position of tank we cut sheet [clip] from workshop and with help of 4 screw.
7. For a battery we make a stand with the help of paper sheet.
8. For solar panel we make a stand on frame and fixed it with the help of two screw.
9. For control unit we make a stand on frame fixed it with the help of screw.
10. For stand of nozzle use of holder and this holder is situated on the shaft of stepper motor.

POWER CONVERSION EFFICIENCY:

The Solar cell Power

Conversion Efficiency can be calculated by using the relation,

Pout Output Power

Conversion efficiency = ------ = -------------------
Pin Input Power

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Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology Department of EEE

Where
P = Incident Solar radiation x Area of the Solar Cell in= IT x
AThe output power (Pout) = V x I
It is the power delivered from the Generator

Fig 9: Circuit Diagram of Solar water sprayer

OPERATING SYSTEM OF SOLAR PANEL:

 Charging can be done using a solar banal.

 Battery can be charged continuously during discharge itself, by attaching the banal on the
 sprayers.

 Without Banal on the sprayers, discharge can be done for a minimum period of 4 to 5
 hours.

 By changing the battery, discharge can be continued for further more hours.

 Charging can be done by separate Solar Banal attachment.

Note: During Rainy Season charging can be done by electrical devices.

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Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology Department of EEE

CHAPTER 5:
RESULTS

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

The cost of the fuel increases day by day. It should be reduced by the modified model which
works on the principle of solar energy. The operating cost of power sprayer for one hour operation
is calculated and its value is compared with the operating cost of solar sprayer. Its seems that there
is no need of operating cost but, the initial investment towards the charging unit is a one time
investment with a life period of Twenty years which is almost equal to the unit cost of the power
sprayer with twist of petrol engine.

After analysis of the result after completing the solar powered pesticide sprayer, the discharge rate
of pesticides from the tank is high and by this farmers can save time for spraying pesticides and
since it is having wheels is very much easy to move it. It use solar energy which is renewable
source of energy so there will be no pollution and it saves energy for future generation. Since India

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Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology Department of EEE

is an agricultural country so we need a pesticide sprayer witch works on solar energy witch does
not cause any pollution and gives high output that saves money, time for farming. When we
compared with the existing system we got that the system that we are using provides the required
operation in less time and in large quantity without failure.

Fig 10: Solar Water Sprayer

MERITS
• It is a renewable energy source.
• No air pollutant & noise.
• work 3 hours after fully charged.

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 Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology Department of EEE

• Do not required fuel hence cost reduce for spraying.

• Easy in construction & economical Solar energy is totally free, widely
available.
DE-MERITS
• initial cost for solar system is high.
• Weather Dependent.
• it required energy storing device.
APPLICATIONS
• Mainly used in Agriculture Sectors for spraying chemicals on the plant.
• It is also used automotive industry for spaying paint.

Fig 11. Working condition of solar sprayer

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CONCLUSION

Aim of this project is to fulfill the tasks spraying chemicals on the plants using non-
conventional energy sources. As we know 70% of population of our country lives in villages &
their main occupation is agriculture. solar operated spray will help the farmers of those remote
areas of country where fuel is not available easily. Theycan perform their regular work as well as
saves fuel.
The method used here to build solar powered pesticide pumping system is cost effective
comparatively to an electrically operated hydraulic pump. Since here non-conventional energy is
used to achieve the required head. Discharge obtained from the observations is .5liters per
minute. The reciprocating pump built by us is built with the help of simple and easily available
materials still we have successful to demonstrate the worth of a reciprocating pump. This device
serves its purpose to some extent, but with proper course of actions, it can perform still better

 This Technology is most suitable for Energy Alternate Device for powersprayers.

 The farming community is more dynamic and they can accept the provedtechnology
for implementation.

 Moreover the same technique and technology can also be extended for alltypes of
power sprayers.

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REFRENCES

[1] R. Rajesh, V. Vimal Kingsley , M. Selva pandi, G. Niranjan, G. Varun harshath, Design and
Fabrication of Solar Pesticide Sprayer, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,
Engineering and Technology, Vol. 5, Special Issue8, 2016.
[2] Sarvesh Kulkarni, Karan Hasurkar, Ramdas Kumbhar, Amol Gonde, Raut A.S., Review of
Solar Powered Pesticide Sprayer, International Journal of Research in Advent Technology,
Vol.3, No.4, April 2015 EISSN: 2321-9637
[3] Pandurang Lad, Virendra Patil , Prashant Patil, Tushar Pati, Pravin Patil, Solar operated
pesticide sprayer, International Journal of Advance Research In Science And Engineering
IJARSE, Vol. No.4, Special Issue (01), April 2015 ISSN-2319- 8354(E)
[4] R. Joshua, V. Vasu and P. Vincent, Solar Sprayer - An Agriculture Implement,International
Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 2 (1): 16-19, 2010 ISSN 2079- 2107© IDOSI Publications,
2010 244
[5] M.Y. Hussain, Islam-ud-din, and M. Anwar, “Dehydration of Agriculture Products by
Mixed Mode Solar Dehydrator” International journal of Agriculture and Biology, ISSN Online:
1814-9596.
[6] Sonali Goel, Prajnasmita Mohapatra and R.K.Pati, “Solar Application for Transfer of
Technology” Special issue of International journal of Power System Operation and Energy
management, volume 1

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