L4 - Hardware Software

Course: INTRODUCTION TO
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Lecture 4: Hardware & Software

Learning Objectives
Upon successful completion of this lecture, you will be able to:

• describe information systems hardware & software
• identify the primary components of a computer and the
functions they perform;
• Describe the two primary categories of software
• Describe the role ERP software plays in an organization
• Define the term open source and identify its primary
characteristics
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KHOA CÔNG NGHỆ THÔNG TIN
What is Hardware?
• Digital devices that you can touch:
• Desktop computers
• Laptop computers
• Mobile phones
• Tablets
• E-readers
• Storage devices such as USB drives
• Input devices such as keyboard, mouse, scanners, or stylus
• Output devices such as printers and speakers
• Digital devices process electronic signals in 1’s and 0’s
• The physical parts of a computing device
3
PC Components
Components of a PC:
• Circuit board – also known as the motherboard that holds the
CPU, memory, and storage components
• CPU (central processing unit) – carries out the commands sent
to it by the software and returns results
• Faster is better
• Memory – temporary working area called random-access
memory (RAM)
• Applications are loaded into RAM to run faster
• When computer is powered off, the RAM is cleared
• Bigger is better
4
PC Components
RAM
CPU and Water Block
Radiator and Cooling Fans
Motherboard Removable
Media
Hard Disk and
Sound
Solid State
Card
Graphics Drives
Card
Power Case with

Supply Wiring
5
PC Components continued
• Storage – longer, permanent storage of data

• Hard disk – permanently affixed to motherboard using cables???
• Solid state disk (SSD) – much faster
• Removable media – USB drives that can be connected and removed for
use on a different computer
• Bigger and faster is best
• Input/output devices – allows the addition of devices for input
and output purposes via ports on the motherboard or today by
USB
• Keyboard for entering data
• Printer for printing output
6
What is Software?
Software is the set of instructions that tells the hardware what to

do
Two main types of software:
1. Operating Systems
2. Application Software
1. Productivity software
2. Utility software
3. Programming software
4. Applications for the Enterprise (ERP)
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Operating Systems
• All devices have an operating system
• Software which manages the hardware
• Creates the interface between the
hardware and the user
• Functions performed by the operating
systems:
• Managing the hardware resources of the
computer
• Providing the user-interface components
• Providing a platform for software developers
to write applications
• Most popular are Microsoft Windows,
Apple Mac OS, and Linux
8
Application Software
• Software that allows users to accomplish some goal or purpose

• Categories:
• Productivity software to help employees complete their job duties
such as Microsoft Office
• Utility software allows you to fix or modify your computer
• For example, antivirus software
• Programming software makes more software
• Programmers can code, test, and convert into a format that the computer will
understand
• CIS students typically use Visual Studio
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Enterprise Application Software
• Early applications were often independent from other

applications
• Consequently, information from one application did not always
correlate to information from another application
• Enterprise Resource Applications (ERP) were developed to
provide a common application that supports functions across
the entire enterprise for the company’s employees
• For example, an ERP can contain the general ledger and its subsidiary
ledgers such as accounts payable, accounts receivables, etc.
• Builds in best business practices for an enterprise
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Enterprise Application Software
• SAP is the most popular
• Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
• Manages an organization’s customers
• Personalize your relationship with the customer
• An example is Salesforce
• Supply Chain Management (SCM) manages an organization’s
Manufacturing
Suppliers Distributors
Facilities
11
Open vs. Closed Source Software
• Open-Source Software:
• Software is available for free
• Source code can be reviewed prior to installing
• Large programmer groups can fix bugs and add feature
• May increase risk of attack as everyone knows how your software
works
• Closed-Source Software:
• Company that developed the software provides technical support
• Employs large number of programmers to enhance the product
12
Summary
• Defined the term hardware & software

• Showed the primary components of a computer and the
functions they perform
• Described the two primary categories of software
• Described the role ERP software plays in an organization
• Defined the term open source and identify its primary
characteristics
13
Question – Lecture 4
1. Write your own description of what the term information

systems hardware means.
2. What are the advantages of solid-state drives over hard
disks?
3. What are the primary functions of an operating system?
4. What is open-source software? How does it differ from
closed-source software? Give an example of each.
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Course: INTRODUCTION TO

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Lecture 4: Hardware & Software

Upon successful completion of this lecture, you will be able to:

Power Case with

• Storage – longer, permanent storage of data

Software is the set of instructions that tells the hardware what to

• Software that allows users to accomplish some goal or purpose

• Early applications were often independent from other

• Defined the term hardware & software

1. Write your own description of what the term information

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