MATHEMATICS

MICRO-XI

QUADRATIC EQUATION

CONTENTS
KEY CONCEPT Page –2
Proficiency Test-01 to 09 Page –5
EXERCISE–I Page –9
EXERCISE–II Page –11
EXERCISE–III Page–12
EXERCISE–IV Page–14
EXERCISE–V Page–15
ANSWER KEY Page–18

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 KEY CONCEPTS (QUADRATIC EQUATIONS)
The general form of a quadratic equation in x is , ax2 + bx + c = 0 , where a , b , c  R & a  0.
RESULTS:

b  b 2 4ac
1. The solution of the quadratic equation , ax² + bx + c = 0 is given by x =
2a
The expression b2 – 4ac = D is called the discriminant of the quadratic equation.
2. If  &  are the roots of the quadratic equation ax² + bx + c = 0, then;
(i) +  = – b/a (ii)  = c/a (iii)  –  = D /a .
3. NATURE OF ROOTS:
(A) Consider the quadratic equation ax² + bx + c = 0 where a, b, c  R & a  0 then ;
(i) D > 0  roots are real & distinct (unequal).
(ii) D = 0  roots are real & coincident (equal).
(iii) D < 0  roots are imaginary .
(iv) If p + i q is one root of a quadratic equation, then the other must be the
conjugate p  i q & vice versa. (p , q  R & i =  1 ).
(B) Consider the quadratic equation ax2 +
bx + c = 0 where a, b, c  Q & a  0 then;
(i) If D > 0 & is a perfect square , then roots are rational & unequal.
(ii) If  = p + q is one root in this case, (where p is rational & q is a surd)

then the other root must be the conjugate of it i.e.  = p  q & vice versa.

4. A quadratic equation whose roots are  &  is (x  )(x  ) = 0 i.e.

x2  (+ ) x +  = 0 i.e. x2  (sum of roots) x + product of roots = 0.
5. Remember that a quadratic equation cannot have three different roots & if it has, it becomes an identity.
6. Consider the quadratic expression , y = ax² + bx + c , a  0 & a , b , c  R then ;
(i) The graph between x , y is always a parabola . If a > 0 then the shape of the
parabola is concave upwards & if a < 0 then the shape of the parabola is concave downwards.
(ii)  x  R , y > 0 only if a > 0 & b²  4ac < 0 (figure 3) .
(iii)  x  R , y < 0 only if a < 0 & b²  4ac < 0 (figure 6) .
Carefully go through the 6 different shapes of the parabola given below.
Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3
y y y

a>0
a>0 a>0 D<0
D>0 D=0

x1 O x2 x O x O x

Roots are real & distinct Roots are coincident Roots are complex conjugate
QUADRATIC EQUATION_MICRO-XI

Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6

y
y y

O x O x
a<0
D>0 a<0
x1 x2 a<0
D=0 D<0
O x

Roots are real & distinct Roots are coincident Roots are complex conjugate

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 7. SOLUTION OF QUADRATIC INEQUALITIES:
ax2 + bx + c > 0 (a  0).
(i) If D > 0, then the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 has two different roots x1 < x2.
Then a > 0  x  (, x1)  (x2, )
a < 0  x  (x1, x2)
(ii) If D = 0, then roots are equal, i.e. x1 = x2.
In that case a > 0  x  (, x1)  (x1, )
a < 0  x 
P (x )
(iii) Inequalities of the form  0 can be quickly solved using the method of intervals.
Q (x ) 

8. MAXIMUM & MINIMUM VALUE of y = ax² + bx + c occurs at x =  (b/2a) according as ;

 4 ac  b 2   4 ac  b 2 
a < 0 or a > 0 . y   ,  if a > 0 & y     ,  if a < 0 .
 4a   4a 
9. COMMON ROOTS OF 2 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS [ONLY ONE COMMON ROOT] :
Let  be the common root of ax² + bx + c = 0 & ax2 + bx + c = 0 . Therefore

a ² + b + c = 0 ; a² + b + c = 0. By Cramer’s Rule

2  1
 
bc  bc a c  ac ab  a b
ca ca bcbc
Therefore,  =  .
a ba b a cac
So the condition for a common root is (ca  ca)² = (ab ab)(bc bc).
10. The condition that a quadratic function f (x , y) = ax² + 2 hxy + by² + 2 gx + 2 fy + c may be resolved into
two linear factors is that ;
a h g
abc + 2 fgh  af 2  bg2  ch2 =0 OR h b f = 0.
g f c
11. THEORY OF EQUATIONS :
If 1, 2, 3, ......n are the roots of the equation;
f(x) = a0xn + a1xn-1 + a2xn-2 + .... + an-1x + an = 0 where a0, a1, .... an are all real & a0  0 then,

a1 a2 a3 a
 1 =  ,  1 2 = + , 1 2 3 =  , ....., 1 2 3 ........n = (1)n n
a0 a0 a0 a0

Note : (i) If  is a root of the equation f(x) = 0, then the polynomial f(x) is exactly divisible by (x ) or
(x ) is a factor of f(x) and conversely .

(ii) Every equation of nth degree (n 1) has exactly n roots & if the equation has more than n roots, it
is an identity.

(iii) If the coefficients of the equation f(x) = 0 are all real and  + i is its root, then   i is also a
root. i.e. imaginary roots occur in conjugate pairs.
QUADRATIC EQUATION_MICRO-XI

(iv) If the coefficients in the equation are all rational &  +  is one of its roots, then   is also
a root where ,   Q &  is not a perfect square.

(v) If there be any two real numbers 'a' & 'b' such that f(a) & f(b) are of opposite signs,
then f(x) = 0 must have atleast one real root between 'a' and 'b' .
(vi) Every equation f(x) = 0 of degree odd has atleast one real root of a sign opposite to that of its last
term.

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 12. LOCATION OF ROOTS:
Let f (x) = ax2 + bx + c, where a > 0 & a, b, c  R.
(i) Conditions for both the roots of f (x) = 0 to be greater than a specified number ‘d’ are
b2  4ac  0; f (d) > 0 & ( b/2a) > d.
(ii) Conditions for both roots of f (x) = 0 to lie on either side of the number ‘d’ (in other words the
number ‘d’ lies between the roots of f (x) = 0) is f (d) < 0.
(iii) Conditions for exactly one root of f (x) = 0 to lie in the interval (d , e) i.e. d < x < e are
b2  4ac > 0 & f (d) . f (e) < 0.
(iv) Conditions that both roots of f (x) = 0 to be confined between the numbers p & q are
(p < q). b2  4ac  0; f (p) > 0; f (q) > 0 & p < ( b/2a) < q.

13. LOGARITHMIC INEQUALITIES

(i) For a > 1 the inequality 0 < x < y & loga x < loga y are equivalent.
(ii) For 0 < a < 1 the inequality 0 < x < y & loga x > loga y are equivalent.
(iii) If a > 1 then loga x < p  0 < x < ap
(iv) If a > 1 then logax > p  x > ap
(v) If 0 < a < 1 then loga x < p  x > ap
(vi) If 0 < a < 1 then logax > p  0 < x < ap
QUADRATIC EQUATION_MICRO-XI

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 PROFICIENCY TEST-01
1. If and are the roots of equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, find the value of following expressions.
(i) 2 + 2 (ii) 3 + 3 (iii) 4 + 4 (iv) (– )2 (v) –

2. If and are the roots of equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, form an equation whose roots are :
1 1 1 1 1
(i) + , + (ii) , 
    
3. What can you say about the roots of the following equations?
(i) x2 + 2 (3a + 5) x + 2 (9a2 + 25) = 0 (ii) (y – a) (y – b) + (y – b) (y – c) + (y – c) (y – a) = 0

4. In copying a quadratic equation of the form x2 + px + q = 0, the coefficient of x was wrongly written as – 10
in place of – 11 and the roots were found to be 4 and 6. Find the roots of the correct equation.

5. If the sum of the roots of quadratic equation (a + 1)x2 + (2a + 3)x + (3a + 4) = 0 is –1, then find the product
of the roots.

6. Find the roots of the equation (b – c) x2 + (c – a) x + (a – b) = 0.

7. If and are the roots of the equation 2x2 + 2(a + b)x + a2 + b2 = 0, then find the equation whose roots are
(+ )2 and (– )2.

8. Find the values of m, for which the equation 5x2 – 24x + 2 + m (4x2 – 2x – 1) = 0 has
(a) equal roots (b) the product of the roots is 2 (c) the sum of the roots is 6

9. For what value of a is the difference between the roots of the equation (a – 2) x2 – (a – 4) x – 2 = 0 equal to 3?

10. If the difference of roots of the equation 2x2 – (a + 1) x + a – 1 = 0 is equal to their product, then prove that
a = 2.

PROFICIENCY TEST-02
1. If are roots of x2 – px + q = 0 and  – 2, + 2 are roots of x2 – px + r = 0, then prove that 16q +
(r + 4 – q)2 = 4p2.

2. Show that if roots of equation (a2 – bc) x2 + 2(b2 – ac) x + c2 – ab = 0 are equal then either b = 0 or
a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc

3. Show that the graph of the polynomial : y = x2 + kx – x + 9 is above X-axis, if and only if –5 < k < 7.

4. The least integral value of 'k' for which (k – 2) x2 + 8x + k + 4 > 0 for all x R, is :
(A) 5 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) None of these

5. If the quadratic polynomials defined on real coefficients P(x) = a1x2 + 2b1x + c1 and Q(x) = a2x2 + 2b2x + c2
take positive values  x  R, then prove that g(x) = a1a2x2 + b1b2x + c1c2 attains only positive values.

6. Find all values of a for which the inequality (a – 1)x2 – (a + 1)x + a + 1 > 0 is satisfied for all real x.
QUADRATIC EQUATION_MICRO-XI

7. Find all values of 'a' for which the inequality (a + 4)x2 – 2ax + 2a – 6 < 0 is satisfied for all x  R.

8. Solve the equation

(x2 – 3x)2 + 3x2 – 9x – 28 = 0 for real roots.

9. Solve the equation

2
 x  1  x  1
 x   3  x  – 4 = 0.

10. For what integral k is the inequality x2 – 2(4k – 1)x + 15k2 – 2k – 7 > 0 valid for any real x?

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 PROFICIENCY TEST-03
1. If ax2 + bx + c = 0 has imaginary roots and a + c < b, then prove that 4a + c < 2b.
(where a, b, c  R)

1 1 1
2. If a, b, c R, then prove that the roots of the equation   = 0 are always real and cannot
x a x b x c
have roots if a = b = c.

3. For what values of k the expression kx2 + (k + 1)x + 2 will be a perfect square of a linear polynomial.

4. If 2 + i 3 is a root of the equation x2 + px + q = 0, where p, q R, then find the ordered pair (p, q).

5. If one root of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is equal to nth power of the other root,
show that (acn)1/(n+1) + (anc)1/(n+1) + b = 0

6. Solve the equation

a2 (x  b)(x  c) b2 (x  c)(x  a)
 = x2.
(a  b)(a  c) (b  c)(b  a)

7. If the roots of the equation x2 –bx + c = 0 be two consecutive integers, then find the value of b2 – 4c .

8. If the roots of the equation 12x2 – mx + 5 = 0 are in the ratio 2 : 3, then find the value of m.

(x  b)(x  c) (x  c)(x  a) (x  a)(x  b)

9. Show that   = 1, is an identity..
(b  a)(c  a) (c  b)(a  b) (a  c)(b  c)

10. If the ratio of roots of the equation x 2 + px + q = 0 be equal to the ratio of roots of the equation
x2 + bx + c = 0, then prove that p2c = b2q.

PROFICIENCY TEST-04
1. If tanand sec are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, then prove that a4 = b2(b2 – 4ac).

(x – 1)4 (x – 3)3
2. Solve the inequality 0.
(x – 5)2

(2x  1)( x – 1)
3. Find interval of x satisfying the inequality given by  0.
( x 3 – 3x 2  2x )

( x 2 – 3x  2)( x 2  2x  2)
4. Solve the inequality  0.
( x – 3 )(x – 1 – 2x 2 )

5. Find the value of a for which the sum of the squares of the roots of the equation x2 – (a – 2) x – a – 1 = 0
assumes the least value.
QUADRATIC EQUATION_MICRO-XI

6. If x1 and x2 are the roots of x2 + (sin – 1) x – 1/2 cos2 = 0, then find the maximum value of x12  x 22 .

7. Find the range of f(x) = 2x2 – 3x + 2 in [0, 2].

8. Find the difference between the least and greatest values of y = –2x2 + 3x – 2 for x  [0, 2].

9. Solve the inequality x3 – 3x2 – x + 3 > 0.

10. Solve the inequality (x2 – 3x + 2)(x3 – 3x2)(4 – x2)  0.

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 PROFICIENCY TEST-05
1. Solve the equation 2|x – 2| – 3 |x + 4| = 1.

2. Solve the equation |x – |4 – x|| – 2x = 4.

3. Solve |x2 + x| < 2.

x –1
4. Solve  2.
x2

x 2 – 8 x  12 x 2 – 8 x  12
5. Solve the equation – .
x 2 – 10 x  21 x 2 – 10 x  21

6. Solve the equation |x2 – 1| + |2 – x2| = 1.

7. Solve |2x + 3| = |3x + 2| + |x – 1|.

3| x| – 2
8. Find the solution set of the inequality  2.
|x|–1

9. Solve |x2 – 2x| + |x|  2.

10. Solve | x2 – 1|  x2 – 3x  2  0 .

PROFICIENCY TEST-06
1. Find the value of k, so that the equations 2x2 + kx – 5 = 0 and x2 – 3x – 4 = 0 may have one root in common.

2. Find the value of 'a' so that x2 – 11x + a = 0 and x2 – 14x + 2a = 0 have a common root.

3. If a, b, c, R and equations ax2 + bx + c = 0 and x2 + 2x + 9 = 0 have a common root, then find a:b:c.

4. Find the condition on a, b, c, d such that equations 2ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0 and 2ax2 + 3bx + 4c = 0 have a
common root.

5. If the equations 3x2 + px + 1 = 0 and 2x2 + qx + 1 = 0 have a common root, show that
2p2 + 3q2 – 5pq +1 = 0.

6. If the equations x2 + abx + c = 0 and x2 + acx + b = 0 have a common root, prove that their other roots satisfy
the equation x2 – a(b + c)x + a2 bc = 0.

7. If the equation x2 – px + q = 0 and x2 – ax + b = 0 have a common root and the other root of the second
equation is the reciprocal of the first, then prove that (q – b)2 – bq (p – a)2 = 0.

8. If the equations x2 – ax + b = 0 and x2 – cx + d = 0 have one root in common and second equation has equal
QUADRATIC EQUATION_MICRO-XI

roots, prove that ac = 2(b + d).

9. If and  are the roots of x3 + 8 = 0, then find the equation whose roots are and 

10. If  are the roots of the equation x3 – px + q = 0, then find the cubic equation whose roots are /(1 + ),
(1 + ), (1 + ).

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 PROFICIENCY TEST-07
x2  x  2
1. Determine the values of k for which the equation = k has both roots real.
3x  1
2. Find the range of

x2  34x  71 x2  x  1
(i) f(x) = (ii) f(x) =
x 2  2x  7 x2  x  1

11x 2  12x  6
3. For real values of x, prove that cannot lie between –5 and 3.
x 2  4x  2

4x2  36x  9
4. If x is real, show that the expression can have any real value.
12x 2  8x  1
x 2  2x  11
5. If x be real, show that the expression can take all values which do not lie in the open interval
x3
(4, 12).

tan2   2 tan   8
6. Find the range of the expression y = , for all permissible values of .
tan2   4 tan   5
7. If x is real and 4y2 + 4xy + x + 6 = 0, then find the complete set of values of x for which y is real.

8. Find the range of real values of x & y satisfying the relation, x2 + y2 = 6x – 8y.

9. If x, y be real and 9x2 + 2xy + y2 – 92x – 20y + 244 = 0, show that x [3, 6], y [1, 10].

10. If x, y and z are three real numbers such that x + y + z = 4 and x2 + y2 + z2 = 6, then show that each of x,

2 
y and z lie in the closed interval  ,2  .
3 

PROFICIENCY TEST-08
1. Find the values of a if x2 – 2(a – 1)x + (2a + 1) = 0 has positive roots.

2. If the equation (a – 5)x2 + 2(a – 10)x + a + 10 = 0 has roots of opposite sign, then find the values of a.

3. If both the roots of x2 – ax + a = 0 are greater than 2, then find the values of a.

4. If both the roots of ax2 + ax + 1 = 0 are less than 1, then find exhaustive range of values of a.

5. If both the roots of x2 + ax + 2 = 0 lies in the interval (0, 3), then find exhaustive range of values of a.

6. If  are the roots of x2 – 3x + a = 0, a R and < 1 < , then find the values of a.

7. Match the conditions in Column-I with the intervals in Column-II.

QUADRATIC EQUATION_MICRO-XI

Let f (x) = x2 – 2px + p2 – 1, then

Column-I Column-II.
(A) both the roots of f (x) = 0 are less than 4, if p  (P) (– 1, )
(B) both the roots of f (x) = 0 are greater than – 2 if p  (Q) (– , 3)
(C) exactly one root of f (x) = 0 lie in (–2, 4), if p  (R) (0, 2)
(D) 1 lies between the roots of f (x) = 0, if p  (S) (–3, – 1]  [3, 5)

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 PROFICIENCY TEST-09
1. Solve the equation 3x  4  x – 4  2 x . 2. Solve the equation 3 ( 2x – 1)  3 ( x – 1)  1.

3. Solve x2  4x – 5  x – 3 . 4. Solve the inequality x 2  3x  2  1  x 2 – x  1 .

5. Solve the inequality 2x + 2 – 2x + 3 – 2x + 4 > 5x + 1 – 5x + 2.

6. Solve 22x – 4.9x  3.6x 7. Solve log2(x2 – 1) < 1.

 2 
8. Solve log 1 (2 – x)  log 1  . 9. Solve log 1 (log4 ( x 2 – 5))  0 .
4 4  x  1  3

10. Solve logx(2x – 3/4) < 2.

EXERCISE–I
43 3
Q.1 A quadratic polynomial f (x) = x2 + ax + b is formed with one of its zeros being where a and b are
2 3

43 3 
integers. Also g (x) = x4 + 2x3 – 10x2 + 4x – 10 is a biquadratic polynomial such that g    =  c 3  d
 2 3 
where c and d are also integers. Find the values of a, b, c and d.
Q.2 Solve the inequality.
2
4  x5 
 log2 x    log 1
   20log2 x  148  0 .
 2 4 

Q.3  ,  are the roots of the equation K (x2 – x) + x + 5 = 0. If K1 & K2 are the two values of K for which
the roots  ,  are connected by the relation (  /  ) + (  /  ) = 4/5. Find the v alue of
(K1/K2) + (K2/K1).

Q.4 If one root of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 be the square of the other, prove that
b3 + a2c + ac2 = 3abc.

Q.5 If ax2 + bx + c = 0 and bx2 + cx + a = 0 have a common root and a, b, c are non-zero real numbers, then find
a3  b3  c 3
the value of
abc

Q.6 Find a quadratic equation whose sum and product of the roots are the values of the expressions
(cosec 10° – 3 sec10°) and (0.5 cosec10° – 2 sin70°) respectively. Also express the roots of this quadratic
QUADRATIC EQUATION_MICRO-XI

in terms of tangent of an angle lying in  0,  2  .

Q.7 If  be a root of the equation 4x2 + 2x – 1 = 0 then prove that 43 – 3 is the other root.

Q.8 (a) If ,  are the roots of the quadratic equation ax2+bx+c = 0 then which of the following expressions in , 
will denote the symmetric functions of roots. Give proper reasoning.
(i) f (, ) = 2 –  (ii) f (, ) = 2 + 2

(iii) f (, ) = ln (iv) f (, ) = cos ( – )

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 (b) If ,  are the roots of the equation x2 – px + q = 0, then find the quadratic equation the roots of which
are (2  2) (3  3) & 3 2 + 2 3.

 x  99 x
Q.9. Find the number of solutions of the equation sin  
 2  500

Q.10 If  ,  are the roots of x2 – px + 1 = 0 &  ,  are the roots of x2 + qx + 1 = 0, show that
( ) ( ) ( + ) ( + ) = q2  p2.

Q.11. Find all cubic polynomials p(x) such that (x – 1)2 is a factor of p(x) + 2 and (x + 1)2 is a factor of p(x) – 2.

Q.12 If the roots of x2  ax + b = 0 are real & differ by a quantity which is less than c (c > 0), prove that
b lies between (1/4) (a2  c2) & (1/4)a2.

2
 f(x  1)  f(x  1) 
Q.13 A quadratic polynomial y = f (x) satisfies f (x) =   for all real x. Find the leading coefficient
 2 

of the quadratic polynomial and hence find the value of [f (0) – f (–1)] + [f (0) – f (1)].

Q.14 If the quadratic equations x2 + bx + ca = 0 & x2 + cx + ab = 0 have a common root, prove that the
equation containing their other root is x2 + ax + bc = 0.

Q.15 If ax2 + bx + c = 0 and bx2 + cx + a = 0 have a root in common, find the relation between a, b and c.

Q.16 Find the value of m for which the quadratic equations x2 – 11x + m = 0 and x2 – 14x + 2m = 0 may have
common root.
Q.17 Prove that f(x) = x12 – x9 + x4 – x + 1 is positive for all x.

Q.18 Find the values of ‘a’ for which 3 < [(x2 + ax  2)/(x2 + x + 1)] < 2 is valid for all real x.
6
 1  6 1 
x   x  6   2
 x  x 
Q.19 Find the minimum value of 3 for x > 0.
 1 3 1
 x    x 
 x x3
Q.20 Find the product of the real roots of the equation,
x2 + 18x + 30 = 2 x2  18x  45
Q.21 Find the set of values of 'y' for which the inequality, 2 log0.5 y2  3 + 2 x log0.5 y2  x2 > 0
is valid for atleast one real value of 'x'.
Q.22 If be the smallest integral value of parameters 'a' for which the inequality
1 + log5 (x2 + 1) log5 (ax2 + 4x + a) is true for all x  R. Find the value of 8.
Paragraph for Question Nos. 23 to 25
A polynomial p(x) satisfies the relation (x – 16) p(2x) = 16(x – 1) p(x)  x  R.
QUADRATIC EQUATION_MICRO-XI

Let p(7) = 135 then

Q.23 The value of p(11) equals to
(A) –1145 (B) –1040 (C) –945 (D) –1045

Q.24 The sum of its roots equals to

(A) 10 (B) 20 (C) 30 (D) 40
Q.25 The product of its roots equals to
(A) 45 (B) 47 (C) 43 (D) 44

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 EXERCISE–II
2x 2  2x  3
Q.1 We call 'p' a good number if the inequality  p is satisfied for any real x. Find the smallest
x2  x  1
integral good number.

Q.2 Let a, b, c, d be distinct real numbers and a and b are the roots of quadratic equation
x2 – 2cx – 5d = 0. If c and d are the roots of the quadratic equation x2 – 2ax – 5b = 0 then find the numerical
value of a + b + c + d.

 
Q.3 Let ,  and  are the roots of the cubic x3 – 3x2 + 1 = 0. Find a cubic whose roots are , and
 2 2

. Hence or otherwise find the value of ( – 2)( – 2)( – 2).
2
Q.4 If ,  are the roots of the equation, x2  2 x  a2 + 1 = 0 and  ,  are the roots of the equation,
x2  2 (a + 1) x + a (a  1) = 0 such that ,  ( , ) then find the values of 'a'.

Q.5 Two roots of a biquadratic x4 – 18x3 + kx2 + 200x – 1984 = 0 have their product equal to (– 32). Find the value
of k.

Q.6 At what values of 'a' do all the zeroes of the function,

f (x) = (a  2)x2 + 2ax + a + 3 lie on the interval ( 2, 1)?

Q.7 Suppose a cubic polynomial f (x) = x3 + px2 + qx + 72 is divisible by both x2 + ax + b and x2 + bx + a

(where a, b, p, q are constants and a  b). Find the sum of the squares of the roots of the cubic polynomial.

Q.8 Find the values of K so that the quadratic equation x2 + 2 (K  1) x + K + 5 = 0 has atleast one positive root.

Q.9 Find all the values of the parameter 'a' for which both roots of the quadratic equation
x2 – ax + 2 = 0 belong to the interval (0, 3).

Q.10 Solve the inequality (logx+62) . log2 (x2  x  2)  1

Q.11 Find all the values of the parameter 'a' for which the inequality
a.9x + 4(a–1)3x + a – 1 > 0 is satisfied for all real values of x.

Q.12 Find the complete set of real values of ‘a’ for which both roots of the quadratic equation
( a2 – 6a + 5) x2 – a 2  2a x + (6a – a2 – 8) = 0 lie on either side of the origin.
x 2  y2
Q.13 Given x, y  R, x2 + y2 > 0. If the maximum and minimum value of the expression E = are
x 2  xy  4 y 2
QUADRATIC EQUATION_MICRO-XI

M and m, and A denotes the average value of M and m, compute (2007)A.

Q.14 Let P (x) = x2 + bx + c, where b and c are integer. If P (x) is a factor of both x 4 + 6x2 + 25 and
3x4 + 4x2 + 28x + 5, find the value of P(1).

Q.15 Given the cubic equation x3 – 2kx2 – 4kx + k2 = 0. If one root of the equation is less than 1, other root is in


the interval (1, 4) and the 3rd root is greater than 4, then the value of k lies in the interval a  b , b (a  b ) 
where a, b  N. Find the value of (a + b)3 + (ab + 2)2.

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 Q.16 If a < b < c < d, then show that the quadratic equation (x – a) (x – c) + (x – b)(x – d) = 0 has real roots for
all real  and 

Q.17 The polynomial p(x) has integral coefficients and p(x) = 7 for four different integral values of x. Show that p(x)
never equals 14, for integral values of x.

Q.18 Show that if p , q , r & s are real numbers & pr = 2 (q + s) , then at least one of the equations
x2 + px + q = 0, x2 + r x + s = 0 has real roots.
log3 ( x 2  3x  7)
Q.19 Find out the values of 'a' for which any solution of the inequality, < 1 is also a solution of
log3 (3x  2)
the inequality, x2 + (5  2 a) x  10a.
1 1
 1 2  1 2
Q.20 Find all real numbers x such that,  x   +  1   = x.
 x  x

EXERCISE–III
Q.1 The sum of integral values of k for which the equations (k – 12) x2 + 2(k – 12) x + 2 = 0 possess no real roots
is
(A) 13 (B) 16 (C) 21 (D) 25

1  15
Q.2 Find the value of the expression 2x3 + 2x2 – 7x + 72 when x =
2

(A) 72 (B) 14  13 15 (C) 13  14 15 (D) 56

Q.3 Sum of integral roots of the equation |x2 – x – 6| = x + 2 is

(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8

Q.4 If one root of the equation 8x2 – 6x – a – 3 = 0 is the square of the other, then the values of a are :
(A) 4, –24 (B) 4, 24 (C) –4, –24 (D) –4, 24

Q.5 Let be such that the equations 4x2 – 8x + 3 = 0, x2 + x – 1 = 0 and 2x2 + x +  = 0 may have a common
root for each pair of equations but all 3 equations do not have a common root, then ×  equals
(A) – 9 (B) – 6 (C) 3 (D) 6

Q.6 If a and b ( 0) are the roots of the equation x2 + ax + b = 0, then the least value of x2 + ax + b(x R) is:
9 9 1 1
(A) (B) – (C) – (D)
4 4 4 4

x2  6x  5
Q.7 If x R, the least value of the expression is :
x2  2x  1
(A) –1 (B) –1/2 (C) –1/3 (D) None of these
QUADRATIC EQUATION_MICRO-XI

Q.8 Find the maximum vertical distance d between the parabola y = –2x2 + 4x + 3 Y
4
and the line y = x – 2 throughout the bounded region in the figure.
3
45 49
(A) (B) 2
8 8
1
53 55
(C) (D) –0.5 0 –0.5 1.5 2 2.5 X
8 8
2

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 (cot 2   5)(cot 2   10)
Q.9 Find the minimum value of the expression y = for all permissible values of .
cot 2   1
(A) 17.5 (B) 25 (C) 50 (D) Not defined

Q.10 For what values of m will the expression 5x2 + 5y2 + 4mxy – 2x + 2y + m be capable of resolution into two
linear factors with real coefficients?

1 5
(A) (B) 2 (C)  (D) All of these
2 2

Q.11 The number of pairs (x, y) for which the equation x2 – xy + y2 = 4 (x + y – 4) is satisfied, where x, y  R is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) More than 2

3x 2
Q.12 Find the number of solutions of the equation cos x  .
4

(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8

Q.13 If the roots of equation x3 + ax2 + b = 0 are  and (a, b  0), then find the equation whose roots are

1 2   2 3  2 3   3 1 1 3  1 2

, ,
1 2 3 1 2  3 1 2 3

(A) ax3 + bx + 1 = 0 (B) bx3 + ax + 1 = 0 (C) ax3 + bx – 1 = 0 (D) bx3 + ax – 1 = 0

Q.14 Find x when the least value of 2x2 + 3y2 under the conditions x + y = 2, x  0, y  0 occurs.

3 5 6 4
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 6 5 3

Q.15 If p(x) is a cubic polynomial with p(1) = 1, p(2) = 2, p(3) = 3, p(4) = 5, find p(6).
(A) 6 (B) 8 (C) 12 (D) 16

Q.16 Find the number of quadratic equations with real roots, which are unchanged by squaring their roots.
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5

Q.17 The solution of inequality |x2 + 3x| + x2 – 2  0 is (– , a]  [b, ) then a + b equals

1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) – 1
6 3 2

Q.18 The number of integral values in the solution set of inequality, logx + 3 (x2 – x) < 1 is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) More than 2

ax 2  2(a  1) x  9a  4
Q.19 The number of positive integral values in range of values of a, such that f (x) = is
x 2  8x  32
QUADRATIC EQUATION_MICRO-XI

always negative is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) More than 2

Q.20 Let P(x) = 4x2 + 6x + 4 and Q(y) = 4y2 – 12y + 25. The unique pair of real numbers (x0, y0) satisfies
P(x) · Q(y) = 28, then (x0 + y0) equals

3 3 3 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 4 4 2

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 EXERCISE–IV
JEE Main / AIEEE Questions :
Q.1 If  but 2 = 5 – 3 and 2 = 5 – 3 then the equation having / and / as its roots is [AIEEE 2002]
(A) 3x2 – 19x + 3 = 0 (B) 3x2 + 19x – 3 = 0 (C) 3x2 – 19x – 3 = 0 (D) x2 – 5x + 3 = 0

Q.2 Difference between the corresponding roots of x2 + ax + b = 0 and x2 + bx + a = 0 is same and a  b, then
[AIEEE 2002]
(A) a + b + 4 = 0 (B) a + b – 4 = 0 (C) a – b – 4 = 0 (D) a – b + 4 = 0

Q.3 If p and q are the roots of the equation x2 + px + q = 0, then [AIEEE 2002]
(A) p = 1, q = –2 (B) p = 0, q = 1 (C) p = –2, q = 0 (D) p = –2, q = 1

Q.4 If a, b, c are distinct +ve real numbers and a2 + b2 + c2 = 1 then ab + bc + ca is [AIEEE 2002]
(A) less than 1 (B) equal to 1 (C) greater than 1 (D) any real no.

Q.5 The value of 'a' for which one root of the quadratic equation (a2 – 5a + 3)x2 + (3a – 1)x + 2 = 0 is twice as large
as the other is [AIEEE 2003]

1 2 2 1
(A) – (B) (C) – (D)
3 3 3 3

Q.6 The real positive number x when added to its inverse gives the minimum value of the sum at x equal to
[AIEEE2003]
(A) –2 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) –1

Q.7 If (1 – p) is a root of quadratic equation x2 + px + (1 – p) = 0 then its root are [AIEEE 2004]
(A) –1, 2 (B) –1, 1 (C) 0, –1 (D) 0, 1

Q.8 If one root of the equation x2 + px + 12 = 0 is 4, while the equation x2 + px + q = 0 has equal roots, then the
value of 'q' is [AIEEE 2004]
49
(A) 4 (B) 12 (C) 3 (D)
4

 P   Q
Q.9 In a triangle PQR, R  . If tan  and tan   are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, a  0 then
2 2
  2
(A) a = b + c (B) c = a + b (C) b = c (D) b = a + c [AIEEE 2005]

Q.10 If both the roots of the quadratic equation x2 – 2kx + k2 + k – 5 = 0 are less than 5, then k lies in the interval
(A) (5, 6] (B) (6, ) (C) (–, 4) (D) [4, 5] [AIEEE 2005]
QUADRATIC EQUATION_MICRO-XI

Q.11 If the roots of the quadratic equation x2 + px + q = 0 are tan30º and tan15º, respectively, then the value of
2 + q – p is [AIEEE 2006]
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 0 (D) 1
Q.12 2 2
All the values of m for which both roots of the equation x – 2mx + m – 1 = 0 are greater than –2 but less than
4, lie in the interval [AIEEE 2006]
(A) –2 < m < 0 (B) m > 3 (C) –1 < m < 3 (D) 1 < m < 4

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 3x 2  9 x  17
Q.13 If x is real, the maximum value of is [AIEEE 2006]
3 x 2  9x  7
1 17
(A) (B) 41 (C) 1 (D)
4 7

Q.14 If the difference between the roots of the equation x2 + ax + 1 = 0 is less than 5 , then the set of possible
values of a is [AIEEE 2007]
(A) (3, ) (B) (–, –3) (C) (–3, 3) (D) (–3, )

Q.15 The quadratic equations x2 – 6x + a = 0 and x2 – cx + 6 = 0 have one root in common. The other roots of the
first and second equations are integers in the ratio 4 : 3. Then the common root is [AIEEE 2009]
(A) 1 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) 2

Q.16 If the roots of the equation bx2 + cx + a = 0 be imaginary, then for all real values of x, the expression
3b2x2 + 6bcx + 2c2 is [AIEEE 2009]
(A) less than 4ab (B) greater than –4ab (C) less than –4ab (D) greater than 4ab

Q.17 The equation esinx – e–sinx – 4 = 0 has [AIEEE 2012]

(A) infinite number of real roots (B) no real roots
(C) exactly one real root (D) exactly four real roots

Q.18 If the equations x2 + 2x + 3 = 0 and ax2 + bx + c = 0, a, b, c  R, have a common root, then a : b : c is :

(A) 3 : 1 : 2 (B) 1 : 2 : 3 (C) 3 : 2 : 1 (D) 1 : 3 : 2 [IIT Mains - 2013]

Q.19 The real number k for which the equation, 2x3 + 3x + k = 0 has two distinct real roots in [0, 1]
(A) does not exist (B) lies between 1 and 2 [IIT Mains - 2013]
(C) lies between 2 and 3 (D) lies between – 1 and 0

a10  2a8
Q.20 Let  and be the roots of equation x2 – 6x – 2 = 0. If an =n –n, for n 1, then the value of 2a9
is

equal to : [IIT Mains - 2015]

(A) – 3 (B) 6 (C) –6 (D) 3

29. Let S = {x  R : x  0 and 2 x  3  x  

x  6  6  0} . Then S [IIT Mains - 2018]

(1) contains exactly four elements (2) is an empty set

(3) contains exactly one element (*4) contains exactly two elements

EXERCISE–V
Q.1 Find the values of  & , 0 < ,  < /2, satisfying the following equation,
cos  cos  cos ( + ) = – 1/8. [REE '99, 6]
QUADRATIC EQUATION_MICRO-XI

Q.2 If the roots of the equation x2  2ax + a2 + a  3 = 0 are real & less than 3 then [JEE '99, 2 + 2]
(A) a < 2 (B) 2  a  3 (C) 3 < a  4 (D) a > 4

Q.3 If ,  are the roots of the equation, (x  a)(x  b) + c = 0, find the roots of the equation, (x) (x) = c.
[REE 2000 (Mains), 3]
Q.4(a) For the equation, 3 x2 + px + 3 = 0 , p > 0 if one of the roots is square of the other, then p is equal to:
(A) 1/3 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) 2/3
(b) If  &  ( < ), are the roots of the equation, x2 + bx + c = 0, where c < 0 < b, then
(A) 0 <  <  (B)  < 0 < <  (C) <  < 0 (D) < 0 <  < 

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 (c) If b > a , then the equation, (x  a) (x  b)  1 = 0, has :
(A) both roots in [a, b] (B) both roots in (a)
(C) both roots in [b) (D) one root in (a) & other in (b, +)
[JEE 2000 Screening, 1 + 1 + 1 out of 35]
(d) If ,  are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, (a  0) and  +  ,  +  , are the roots of,
Ax2 + Bx + C = 0, (A  0) for some constant , then prove that,

b2  4 ac B2  4 A C
= . [JEE 2000, Mains, 4 out of 100]
a2 A2

Q.5 Let a, b, c be real numbers with a  0 and let  be the roots of the equation
ax2 + bx + c = 0. Express the roots of a3x2 + abcx + c3 = 0 in terms of 
[JEE 2001, Mains, 5 out of 100]

Q.6 The set of all real numbers x for which x2 – |x + 2| + x > 0, is

(A) (–, –2)  (2, ) (B) (–, – 2 )  ( 2 , )
(C) (–, –1)  (1, ) (D) ( 2 , ) [JEE 2002 (screening), 3]

Q.7 If x2 + (a – b)x + (1 – a – b) = 0 where a, b  R then find the values of ‘a’ for which equation has unequal
real roots for all values of ‘b’. [JEE 2003, Mains-4 out of 60]

Q.8(a) If one root of the equation x2 + px + q = 0 is the square of the other, then
(A) p3 + q2 – q(3p + 1) = 0 (B) p3 + q2 + q(1 + 3p) = 0
(C) p3 + q2 + q(3p – 1) = 0 (D) p3 + q2 + q(1 – 3p) = 0

(b) If x2 + 2ax + 10 – 3a > 0 for all x  R, then

(A) – 5 < a < 2 (B) a < – 5 (C) a > 5 (D) 2 < a < 5
[JEE 2004 (Screening)]

1  2 x  5x 2   
Q.9 Find the range of values of t for which 2 sin t = , t  2 , 2  . [JEE 2005(Mains), 2]
3x 2  2 x  1  

Q.10(a) Let a, b, c be the sides of a triangle. No two of them are equal and   R. If the roots of the equation
x2 + 2(a + b + c)x + 3(ab + bc + ca) = 0 are real, then

4 5 1 5 4 5
(A)   (B)   (C)    ,  (D)    , 
3 3 3 3  3 3
[JEE 2006, 3]
(b) If roots of the equation x 2  10cx  11d  0 are a, b and those of x2 – 10ax – 11b = 0 are c, d, then find the
QUADRATIC EQUATION_MICRO-XI

value of a + b + c + d. (a, b, c and d are distinct numbers) [JEE 2006, 6]

Q.11(a) Let ,  be the roots of the equation x2 – px + r = 0 and  2 , 2 be the roots of the equation
x2 – qx + r = 0. Then the value of 'r' is

2 2 2 2
(A) (p–q)(2q – p) (B) (q – p)(2p – q) (C) (q – 2p)(2q – p) (D) (2p–q)(2q – p)
9 9 9 9

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 MATCH THE COLUMN:
x 2  6x  5
(b) Let f (x) =
x 2  5x  6
Match the expressions / statements in Column I with expressions / statements in Column II.
Column I Column II
(A) If – 1 < x < 1, then f (x) satisfies (P) 0 < f (x) < 1
(B) If 1 < x < 2, the f (x) satisfies (Q) f (x) < 0
(C) If 3 < x < 5, then f (x) satisfies (R) f (x) > 0
(D) If x > 5, then f (x) satisfies (S) f (x) < 1 [JEE 2007, 3+6]

Q.12 The smallest value of k, for which both the roots of the equation x2 – 8kx + 16(k2 – k + 1) = 0 are real, distinct
and have values at least 4, is
[JEE 2009]
Q.13 Let p and q be real numbers such that p  0, p3  q and p3  – q. If  and  are nonzero complex numbers
 
satisfying  + = – p and 3 + 3 = q, then a quadratic equation having and as its roots is
 
[JEE 2010]
3 2 3 3
(A) (p + q) x – (p + 2q) x + (p + q) = 0 3 2 3 3
(B) (p + q) x – (p – 2q) x + (p + q) = 0
3 2 3 3
(C) (p – q) x – (5p – 2q) x + (p – q) = 0 (D) (p3 – q) x2 – (5p3 + 2q) x + (p3 – q) = 0

Q.14 A value of b for which the equations [JEE 2011]

x2 + bx – 1 = 0
x2 + x + b = 0,
have one root in common is

(A) – 2 (B) – i 3 (C) i 5 (D) 2

Q.15 Let S be the set of all non-zero real numbers  such that the quadratic equation x2 – x +  = 0 has two
distinct real roots x1 and x2 satisfying the inequality |x1 – x2| < 1. Which of the following intervals is(are) a
subset(s) of S? [IIT Advance - 2015]
 1 1   1   1   1 1
(A)   2 , 
 (B)   , 0  (C)  0, 
 (D)  , 
 5  5   5  5 2
 
Q.16. Let – < < – . Suppose 1 and 1 are the roots of the equation x2 – 2x sec+ 1 = 0 and 2 and 2 are
6 12
the roots of the equation x2 + 2x tan– 1 = 0. If 1 > 1 and 2 > 2, then 1 + 2 equals [IIT Advance - 2016]
(A) 2(sec– tan) (B) 2sec (C) –2tan (D) 0

PARAGRAPH (Q.17 TO Q.18) [IIT Advanced - 2017]

2
Let p, q be integers and let  be the roots of the equation, x – x – 1 = 0, where . For n = 0, 1, 2 ......,
let an = pn + qn.

Fact : If a and b are rational numbers and a  b 5  0 , then a = 0 = b.

QUADRATIC EQUATION_MICRO-XI

Q.17 If a4 = 28, then p + 2q =

(A) 14 (B) 7 (C) 12 (D) 21
Q.18 a12 =
(A) 2a11 + a10 (B) a11 – a10 (C) a11 + a10 (D) a11 + 2a10
Q.19 Suppose a,b denote the distinct real roots of the quadratic polynomial x2 + 20x – 2020 and suppose c,d
denote the distinct complex roots of the quadratic polynomial x 2 – 20x + 2020 . Then the value of
ac (a – c) + ad(a – d) + bc(b – c) + bd(b – d) [IIT Advanced - 2020]
(A) 0 (B) 8000 (C) 8080 (D) 16000
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 ANSWER KEY
PROFICIENCY TEST-01
(b2  2ac) 3abc  b3 (b2  2ac)2  2c 2a2 b2  4ac b
1. (i) 2 , (ii) 3 , (iii) 4 , (iv) 2 , (v) 4 (b2 –2ac) b2  4ac
a a a a a

2. (i) ac.x2 + b(c + a)x + (c + a)2 = 0 (ii) bcx2 + (ac + b2)x + ab = 0

3. (i) roots are non-real if a 5/3, and real iff a = 5/3, (ii) roots are real
ab
4. 8, 3 5. 2 6. 1,
bc

8 3
7. x2 – 4abx – (a2 – b2)2 = 0 8. (a)  (b) – (c) 9. a = 3/2, 3
9 11

PROFICIENCY TEST-02
5 
4. A 6. a   ,  7. a  (– , – 6)
3 

8. –1, 4 9. –1/3, 1/2 10. 3

PROFICIENCY TEST-03
3. 32 2 4. (– 4, 7) 6. {a, b} 7. 1

8. 5 10

PROFICIENCY TEST-04

 1 
2. x  {1}  [3, 5)  (5, ) 3. x    , 0  (2,  ) 4. x  (– , 1]  [2, 3)
 2 

7  25
5. 1 6. 4 7.  , 4  8.
8  8

9. x  (– 1, 1)  (3, ) 10. x  (– , – 2]  {0}  [1, 3]

PROFICIENCY TEST-05
9
1. x  15,  2. x=0 3. x  (– 2, 1)
5
QUADRATIC EQUATION_MICRO-XI

4. x  [– 5, – 1] – {– 2} 5. x  [2, 3)  [6, 7) 6. x    2,  1  1, 2 

 2   4  4 
7. x    , 1 8. x  (– , – 1)   1,
5   {0}   5 , 1  1,  
 3     

 3  17 
9. x  , 1  {2} 10. x=1
 2 

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 PROFICIENCY TEST-06
27
1. k = –3, – 2. a = 0, 24 3. 1:2:9
4

9
4. (ad + 4bc)2 = (bd + 4c2) (b2 – ac) 9. y3 – 64 = 0
2
10. (p + q – 1)x3 – (2p + 3q)x2 + (p + 3q) x – q = 0

PROFICIENCY TEST-07
1 
1. k  –7/9, k  1 2. (i) R – (5, 9) (ii)  ,3  6. y (–, )
3 

7. (–, –2] [3, ) 8. x [–2, 8], y [–9, 1]

PROFICIENCY TEST-08
1
1. a 4 2. (–10, 5) 3. a  4. (–, – ) [4, )
2

 11 
5.   , 2 2  6. a<2 7. (A) Q, R; (B) P, R; (C) S; (D) R
3 

PROFICIENCY TEST-09
 1  13 
1. 4 2. 1 3. x (– , – 5]  [1, ) 4. x  (,  2]   1, 
 6 

5. x  (0, ) 6. x  [log2/34, ) 7.   
x   3,  1  1, 3 
1  3 
8. x  (– 1, 0)  (1, 2) 9. 
x  3,  6    6, 3  10. x   , 1   ,  
2  2 

EXERCISE–I
1. a = 2, b = – 11, c = 4, d = – 1
 1 1
2. x   ,   8 ,16 3. 254 5. 3
 16 8 
  5 
6. x2 – 4x + 1 = 0; = tan   ;  = tan  
 12   12 
8. (a) (ii) and (iv) ; (b) x2  p(p4  5p2q + 5q2) x + p2q2(p2  4q) (p2  q) = 0 9. 7
QUADRATIC EQUATION_MICRO-XI

11. x3 – 3x
1 1
13. a= and [f (0) – f (–1)] + [f (0) – f (1)] = – 15. a = 0 or a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
4 2
16. 0 or 24 18. 2 < a < 1 19. ymin = 6 20. 20

21.  ,2 2     12 ,0    0, 12   2 2,   22. 56 23. C

24. C 25. A

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 EXERCISE–II
1. 4 2. 30 3. 3y3 – 9y2– 3y + 1 = 0; ( – 2)( – 2)( – 2) = 3

 1
4. 
a   1 ,1
4  5. k = 86 6.    ,   {2}  (5, 6]
 4
7. 146

11
8. K  1 9. 2 2a 10. x < 7 , 5 < x  2 , x  4
3

11. [1, ) 12. (– , – 2]  [ 0, 1) (2, 4) (5, ) 13. 1338

5 5 1
14. P (1) = 4 15. 2007 19. a 20. x=
2 2
EXERCISE–III
1. D 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. B
7. C 8. B 9. B 10. C 11. B 12. C 13. D
14. C 15. D 16. B 17. A 18. B 19. A 20. C

EXERCISE–IV
1. A 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. C
7. C 8. D 9. B 10. C 11. B 12. C 13. B
14. C 15. D 16. B 17. B 18. B 19. A 20 D

EXERCISE–V
1.  =  = /3, 2. A 3. (a, b)
4. (a) C, (b) B, (c) D
5.  = 2and  = 2 or  = 2 and  = 2 6. B 7. a>1

     3  
8. (a) D ; (b) A 9.   2 ,  10    10 , 2  10. (a) A, (b) 1210
   

11. (a) D, (b) (A) P, R, S; (B) Q, S; (C) Q, S; (D) P, R, S 12. k=2

13. B 14. B 15. A, D 16. C
17. C 18. C 19. D
*******************
QUADRATIC EQUATION_MICRO-XI

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