Indian Standard

GUIDELINES FOR HYDRAULIC MODEL STUDIES

OF BARRAGES AND WEIRS

ICS 93.160

@ BIS 2001

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

July 2001 Price Group 3

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River Training and Diversion Works Sectional Committee, WRD 22 / [’

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FOREWORD :j
This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the River ,, /1
Training and Diversion Works Sectional Committee had been approved by the Water Resources Division Council.

For construction of new barrages/weirs or remolding of existing barrageslweirs, it is necessary to carry out
model studies to get a comprehensive idea regarding hydraulic conditions, layout of the barrage/weir and its
appurtenant structures. Many aspects of a barrage/weir are finalized after detailed study of different alternatives
on a model. A need has, therefore, been felt to lay down the recommendations for various requirements for
model studies so that a methodical uniform approach could be followed by all concerned.

There is no 1S0 Standard on the subject. This standard has been prepared based on indigenous manufacturers’
data/practices prevalent in the field in India.

The composition of the committee responsible for formulating this standard is given in Annex A.

For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, F
observed or calculated expressing the result of a test or analysis, should be rounded off in accordance with
IS 2:1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)’. The number of significant places retained in
the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
 Is 14955:2001

Indian Standard
GUIDELINES FOR HYDRAULIC MODEL STUDIES
OF BARRAGES AND WEIRS
1 SCOPE 4 MODEL

This standard covers the requirements for model 4.1 Hydraulic models are mainly of two types, namely
studies of barrages/weir. It includes types of model, (a) geometrically similar, and (b) distorted or vertically
selection of scale, data required for model studies exaggerated. In the former, all dimensions are reduced
and observations to be taken on the model and the to the same scale whereas in the latter, the scales for
parameters to be finalized from model studies. vertical and horizontal dimensions are different.

2 REFERENCES 4.2 The models may be rigid, semi-rigid or mobile

according to requirement of study.
The Indian Standard IS 6966 (Part 1) :1989
‘Guidelines for hydraulic design of barrges and weirs: 4.2.1 Rigid Models
Part 1 Alluvial reaches (fir.st revision)’ contains In these models, the sides and bed are made rigid.
provision which through reference in this text,
constitutes provision of this standard. At the time of 4.2.2 Semi-rigid Models
publication, the edition indicated was valid. All In these models, the sides and sometimes part of the
standards are subject to revision, and parties to bed are made rigid.
agreements based on this standard are encouraged to
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent 4.2.3 Mobile Models
editions of the standard. In these models, both the bed and the sides are erodible.

3 TERMINOLOGY 4.3 Choice of Scale for Models

3.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following 4.3.1 Longitudinal scale is determined from consi-
definitions and those given in IS 6966 (Part 1) shall deration of river regime, discharge and space available.
apply. A typical layout plan of a barrage with its
appurtenant is shown in Fig. 1. 4.3.2 The depth scale should be so fixed that sufficient
tractive force is developed for the general movement
3.1 Divide Wall of bed material used in the model. The movement
should start at the discharge corresponding to which J

A straight and long wall constructed usually at right

bed movement occurs in the prototype. The depth of
angles to the barrages axis for separating undersluice
water at the lowest design discharge in model should
pocket from other bays, in order to maintain deep
be sufficiently large as compared to ripple height.
channel infront of head regulator.
Usually a depth of 8 to 12 cm is considered adequate
3.2 Head Regulator at lower discharges.

A gated structure located on the upstream of the 4.3.3 The longitudinal and depth scales in the end
undersluices of the barrage for regulating the supplies decide the requirement of discharge which may be a
of the canal. governing factor. Various scales adopted for some
typical model studies of barrages is given in Table 1.
3.3 Silt Excluder
4.3.4 The scale for sediment injection has not been
A diaphragm structure constructed in the extreme developed so far. As such, the injection rate is found
undersluice bay of the barrage in front of the head out by trial and error. method in model itself.
regulator for excluding coarser sediment from entering
into the head regulator. 4.4 Choice of Bed Material

Model bed material is generally kept freer than or the

3.4 River Training Works
same as that of prototype, the density being almost
The training works include guide bunds, afflux bunds the same. If the velocities in models are not enough to
and approach embankments, etc. River training works affect bed movement, lighter material such as coal
are required to check the out flanklng of structures and dust, saw dust, etc, maybe used and, if necessary, slope
to guide the river to flow axially through the barrages. exaggeration may be resorted to.
1s 14955:2001
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Is 14955:2001

4.5 Selection of Models a) Purpose of the barrage/weiL

b) Behaviour of the river at the proposed site
4.5.1 The model studies for the location of a barrage/
during last 10-20 years;
weir, orientation of its axis, waterway and required
training works such as, guide buds, aftlux bunds and c) Photos depicting behaviour of the river during
approach embankments, etc, are generally conducted on floods, if available;
distorted models, wherever possible, geometrically d) Hydraulic design calculations for the water-
similar models may be prefemed. However the studies of way including barrage and undersluice bays;
other appurtenant works such as optimisirtg the length and
of divide wall, width of undersh.tice poeke$ regulation e) Proposed gate operation schedule of barrage.
or operational sequences of gates, silt excluders and
ejectors, angle of offlake of canal, ete, are conducted on 5.2 Survey Data
geometrically similar fill or part width model.
The survey data of site should include the following:
4.5.2 The model studies for deciding the profile of the
a) Index plan to a scale 1:250000 showing the
undersluice and barrage bays, length of downstream
reach under consideration with latitudes and
floors, shape of glacis, piers, energy dissipators, etc, longitudes. The state, district, important
are generally conducted on two dimensional geometri-
towns or villages tributaries of the river,
cally similar scale models.
catchment area, etc, may also be shown on
4.5.3 In some cases, the model requires to be, tilted the plan;
where consideration of correct reproduction of water b) Survey plan preferably with contour to a scale
surface slopes in the model and adequate bed move- 1:10000 covering sufficient reach of the river
ment would require a slope, scale to be different from to be reproduced in the model. The upstream
the vertical exaggeration. In vertically exaggerated reach should cover at least 2 meander lengths.
models, the natural river slope is magnified to the same In the downstream of the proposed site, at least
extent as the vertical exaggeration. Thus, a scale for one meander length reach will be sufficient.
the slope in addition to those of length and depth come The survey plan should depict the following:
into consideration. Value of the slope exaggeration is i) Latitudes, longitudes and the north-
generally equal to the vertical exaggeration. Tilting south line;
introduces complexicity in the construction and
ii) Lean weather channel;
operation of the model and interpretation of results
iii) High flood water spread (indicating
from such models would require considerable
month, year and discharge);
experience and skill.
iv) Formation of rapids, pools, control
5 DATA REQUIRED sections, etc;

5.1 General v) Different channels in case of a braided

river;
It should include general information in respect of vi) Tributaries joining the river; and
the project. The information may be compiled in the
vii) Locations of gauge — discharge sites,
form of a project report which should include the
important towns and villages in the
following:
vicinity;

Table 1 Typical Model Scales Adopted for Various Barrages

(Clause 4.3.3)

S1 Name of Barrage State River Design Flood Scales Number of Bays Remarks
No. (cumecs) ,—”—. ~
Her. Ver. Spill- Under-
way sluice
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (lo)
i) Hotnikund UPIHaryana Yamuna 22000 1/150 1/50 10 8 One Fish ladder touching right side
divide wall
ii) Samal Orissa Brahmani 24600 1/350 1/70 24 6 One Excluderon leftundershsicebay
iii) Wazirabad Delhi Yamuna 7079 1/150 1/30 17 6
iv) Okhla Delhi Yamuna 8495 l/150 1/30 22 5
v) Indraprastha Delhi Yamuna 8495 1/150 1/30 22 10
vi) Naraj Orissa Kathjuri 29500 l/4oo 1/66 33 13

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Is 14955:2001

viii) Shoals and submersible land including c) Yearly HFL and corresponding discharge
the extent and nature of vegetation; with dates of occurrence for the last 10 years; ,..—
ix) Position of existing and proposed d) Maximum flood on record with date of occur- f .’
structures, namely, bridges, dams, weirs, rence and corresponding HFL; ;
barrages, ghats, spurs and revetments, }..,, ‘
e) Discharge distribution in various channels of
etc; and
the river at important stages during the year \ “
x) Cross-section lines giving its distance for which survey plan has been supplied;
and orientation with respect to some
9 Proposed pond level or levels;
fixed point and reference line; ~,
g) Water surface slope;
c) River Cross-Sections “/
h) River discharge above which the off-taking
The cross-sections should indicate its chain-
canal/canals should be closed and all the
ages from some reference line and extend
barrage gates fully opened due to excessive
up to affluxed highest flood level. The
sediment charge; and
distance between cross-sections may be kept
50-100 m in a reach of 3 km upstream to j) In case of tidal reach, information regarding
2 km downstream of the barrage site. In the HTL and LTL of spring and neap tide both
remaining reach on the upstream, the dis- during freshets and-d~-season. -
tance may be increased up to 500 m. Bed 5.4 Sediment Data
levels along cross-section should be given at
interval of 5 to 10 m in the deep channel and a) Bed Material — A minimum of three repre-
25 to 50 m in the remaining width. The cross- sentative bed material samples 1.5 kg each,
section should show HFL and LWL. across a section in the study reach, one at
The cross-sections should be taken in such a either end and one in the deep channel may
way that all important features of the river be taken at a suitable depth below the bed
channel and the flood plan such as mouth of level considering scour and deposition at site
an off-taking channel, their confluence, high during flood for assessing realistic value of
grounds if any, less erodable or vertical banks, Lacey’s silt factor ‘f.
thick vegetation, etc, are indicated. For this b) Suspended Load— An assessment of concen-
purpose, the distance or orientation or both, tration and characteristics of suspended load
between the consecutive sections may be may be given at least at l/3rd, 213rd and peak
suitably altered, but such alterations must be discharges experienced at the proposed site.
duly qualified on the survey plan; and c) Information regarding nature of banks
d) Survey plan showing past river courses for whether of unifo% material, stratified, rock
as many years as possible, or, if such data .J
out-crops kankar, etc, along with their
are not available, satellite imageries of dry location marked on the plan. Gradation curve
weather channel for different years should be of bank material wherever protection is
supplied preferably in 1:50000 scale. required should also be given.

5.3 Hyd raulic Data 5.5 Data of Structures

a) Gauge Discharge Curve — Daily gauge and a) General arrangement of drawing showing
discharge data for as many years as possible layout plan of the barragelweir, head regu-
for all sites existing in the study reach be lator and its appurtenant works;
given. In case a site does not exist within the b) Longitudinal-section and cross-sections of the
above reach, install new gauge/discharge barrages/weir, head regulator, etc, showing
sites, one at the proposed site, one at 1.5 details of all the works;
meander length on upstream and one at 0.5
c) Longitudinal section and representative
meander length in the downstream and gauge
cross-sections of the canal in a reach of about
levels at various discharges at the above sites
2 km from head; and
during the first available monsoon season
should be noted. The cross-sections of river d) Detailed drawing and hydraulic design cal-
at the new gaugeldischarge sites indicating culations of the appurtenant works, namely:
nature of riverbed and the value of Manning’s (a) guide bunds, (b) divide wall, (c) silt

‘n’ be supplied; excluder and silt ejector, (d) head regulator

b) (e) fish ladder, (f) navigation locks, and
Design and high flood discharges with corres-
ponding water levels; (g) canal.

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Is 14955:2001 *

“
6 TERMS OF REFERENCE the model after reproducing the barrage/weir and
related structures:
Exact terms of reference should be stated by the
sponsoring authority. The major aspects of a barrage a) Water levels at different locations and dis-
which will be finalized in the model after studying charge for finding out depth of flow, water
!

different alternatives are: surface slope and afflux, etc; ‘,

b) Velocities at different sections and in bays

a) Orientation and waterway of the barrage;
for determining discharge distribution and
b) Location of the abutments with respect to the
concentration of flow including at exit of
river banks;
stilling basin;
c) Crest level and profile of spillway and under-
c) Velocities along structures for assessing the
sluice bays;
stability;
d) Coefficient of discharge for various sub-
d) Angle of approaching flow to assess the
mergence ratio;
obliquity;
e) Alignment and length of the divide wall both
e) Surface and bed lines of flow for estimating
upstream and downstream;
curvature of flow;
f) Position of canal off-take point and its off-
f) Erosion on the upstream and downstream of
taking angles;
the barrage;
g) Lengths and alignments of the right and left
@ Locating areas where sediment deposition or
guide bunds both upstream and downstream;
scour may take place;
h) Energy dissipation arrangements in spillway
h) Differential head at the piers and divide wall;
bays, undersluice bays and head regulators;
j) Bed configuration during and after running
j) Type, levels and lengths of the stilling basins;
the hydrography;
k) Silt excluder details, such as length, number
k) Afflux in the river due to structures;
of bays, etc;
m) Coefficient of discharge for sluicebays, weir
m) Gate operation schedule during medium and
bays and head regulator under free flow/
low floods; and
critical flow and sub-mergeq flow conditions;
n) Alignment of the afflux bunds, approach
n) Energy dissipation in hydraulic jump under
embankments, protection upstream and
different inflow and tailwater conditions. And
downstream of structures and river training
also for different operating condition of gates;
works.
P) Performance of the basin under oblique
.
7 MODEL STUDIES approach flow, if any;
d Flushing of sediments deposited vis-a-vis gate
7.1 Proving of the River Model
operation;
After constructing the river model without barrage r) Negative head/pressure on spillway nappe/
according to supplied data, the model is proved before weir glacis and at the toe of spillway near
taking pertinent observations in the model. The energy dissipation arrangement wherever
model is taken as proved if the following observations required;
of model and prototype tally:
s) Selection of proper energy dissipation arrange-
a) Water levels at different sections with* 0.3 m ment; and
of prototype values, t) Profile of undersluice and barrage bays.
b) Curvature of flow,
7.3 Limitation of Model Studies
c) Zone of attack by the current,
d) Tendency of scouring and deposition, Model studies only help in finalization of structures.
e) Overall flow pattern, They have their own limitations like difficulties in
the reproduction of silt content of water, etc. Hence
f) Sediment movement, and
for some of the studies, the results would give only
g) Activation of channels at a particular
qualitative idea. Therefore, the designer needs to
discharge.
incorporate the recommendations of the model studies
7.2 Generally the following observations are taken on only after careful consideration.

5
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Is 14955:2001

ANNEX A
(Foreword)
COMMITTEE COMPOSITION

River Training and Diversion Works, WRD 22

Choinnan Representing
SHRIA. K. SHANGLE Central Water Commission, New Delhi
Members

SUPUUNENDNG
ENGINEER Bhakm Beaa Management Board, Nangal Punjab
SEiiIORDESIGNENGmTER(B&B) (Ahernde)
SHIU P. K. TALUKDAR Flood Control Department,Government ofAaaarn+Guwahati
SHRIP. K. DAS(,4//ems/e)
CWEF HYDRAULIC
ENGNXR Kolkata Port Tmst, Kolkata
DEPUTYCtVILENGmEER(RSVERTRNNNG) (,4hemare)
SHRIV.K. KUWARN Central, Water &Power Research Statio~ Pune
SHSUM. S. SHITOLE(,4/wrnrrte)
Dtw.noR, FLOODMANAGEMENT,
IDTE Cenbal WaterCommiaaion,New Delhi
DIRECTOR(BCD E&NE) (Alfemare)
CHH EXGINEER(CML) DamodarValley Corporation,Dhsmbad,Bihar
MEMt+ERCOOROINATtON GasigaFlood Control Commissio~ Patna (Bihar)
DIRECTOR(MP) (Ahemate)
DIRECTOR(CDO} Irrigation&Waterways Directorate,Governmentof West Bengal, Kcdkata
DCPUTVDIRZCTOR
(C & FC) (Alremate)
DIRECTOR IrrigationDepartment GovernmentofUbPrad~ Roorkee
JWSEARCHOFFIC’SR(Alternate)
DtRKTOR(CEAmAL DESIGN) Irrigationllepartrnen~ Governmentof Punjab, Charrdigarh
(CFXMAL DESIGNS)(Alternate)
JOINTDIRECIYJR
SHRIJANCIRAMANPRASADSm_tm Water ResoureeaDepartment,Governmentof Bihar, Patna
DIRECTOR
(B& F~P Ministry of Railways(RDSO), Lucknow
DESIGNE~GtXEER(B&F) (,4/krnafe)
ASSISTANT
CHEF ENGUWSR
(DESIGN) NationalHydroelectricPowerCo~ration Lt~ Faridabad
%1oR hhiiAGFR(Aherrlate)
EXGN+WNCHEF Public WorkaDepartmerrt,Government ofTarnilNad~ Chermai
%U v. U. KAUNTIANA BmharnputraBm@ Aaaam
SW ASHMTBARKATAKJ
(Ahmate)
DR~AYAN%%RAfA UniveraityofRoorkee, Roorkee
SHRtCHAF.mER
VFRMA ContinentalConatmetionCo (P) Ltd, New Delhi
SHRI T. B.S. RAO(Alremate)
SHRIN. PARTHA
SARTHY CorrardtimgEngineeringServieea(India) Ltd New Delhi
SHru S. R. TOLEY(Ahemate)
HEAO,CtvIL ENW. DEPARTMSN Delhi Collegeof Engineering,Delhi
HEADCrvrL EIWSWENNGDsPARmmw Indian Instituteoffeehnology, New Delhi
CHEF ENGNER (PROJECT) ItTigationf)epartmetr~Governmentof Haryanz Chandigarh
DIRECTOR(E~Gtsm.ImG)fA/A?rnate)
SUPHUiWE~DtNGENGtNIZ&(BARRAGES & CAWS)CDG IrrigationDepartment.Governmentof Andhra Pradesh, Hydembad
SuPmohTIIKDuitiEriGm%sR(DWis)(Akrnate)
SUPERINTENDING
Erwin- (NIP) IrrigationDepartment,Government of Maharaahtra,Naaik
SUPERtA~BCiG
ENGNZSR,
(GmF..s)(A/A?nra/e)
SHRIN. N. MEERA IrrigationDepartrnenLGovernmentof Jamtnu & Kashmir, Jamrnu
SHRIS. K. MAJUMDAR [CT Pvt Ltd, New Delhi
SHRIG. SETHURAMAN RiTES, New Delhi
SHRtMUKI!SHKUMAR(A/femafe)
CHIEFE~GmwR Sardar SarovarNarmada NigarnLtd, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar
SHRIM. K. V. SHARMA Tehri HydroDevelopmentCorporation,Rishikeah
SHRIA. K. f@Hl Water ReaoutcesDepartment,Governmentof Madhya Pmdea&Bhopal
DIRECTOR (BODHI) (A/fenra/e)
SHRtS. S. .WHI, DireetorGerreral (&oj7cioMembei)
Director& Head (WRD)

Stmr B. K SmnA
Joint Direetor(WRD), BIS

6
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This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc : No. WRD 22 (174).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

/-

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