BSCE1-D

Electric Charge,
Electric Fields &
Electrostatics
By: GROUP 4
 CONTENTS
Introduction
PART 1- Electric Charge
PART 2- Electric Fields
PART 3- ELECTROSTATICS
 THE
REPORTERS

LANDASABAL,
JUSTINE JAY

KAGAKIT, JAYSON GUIRIT, KARL

RAY VINCENT
 PART 1:
ELECTRIC CHARGES
 Electric
Charges
What are the different kinds of electric charge?
- An object can have a positive charge, a negative charge, or
no charge at all.
Electric charge is an electrical property of matter that
creates electric and magnetic forces and interactions.
Like energy, electric charges are never created nor
destroyed.
Like charges repel and opposite charges attract.
`
Electric
Charges
 Electric
Charges
The electrical charge depends on the imbalance of protons and
electrons.
-Electrons are negatively charged.
- Protons are positively Charge
- Neutrons are neutral
-Negatively charged objects have more electrons than protons.
-Positively charged objects have fewer electrons than protons.
 Electric
Charges
The SI unit of Electric charge is the Coulomb, C
-A proton has a charge of

An electron has a charge of

The amount of electric charge on an object depends on the

number of protons and electrons.
The net electric charge of a charged object is always multiple of
 TRANSFER OF
ELECTRIC CHARGE
Transfer of
Electric Charge

How do materials become charged when rubbed together?

-When different materials are rubbed together, electrons can be
transferred from one material to another
Note: The direction in which the electrons are transferred depends on the
materials.
Conductors allow charges to flow while insulators do not.
-Electrical Conductors are materials in which charges can freely
move
-Electrical Insulators are materials in which charges cannot move
freely.
Transfer of
Electric Charge

Charges can move within uncharged objects.

-The charges in a neutral conductor can be redistributed without
changing the overall charge of the object.
-Although the total charge on the conductor will be zero, the
opposite sides can have an induced charge.
Transfer of
Electric Charge

INDUCE CHARGES

A negatively charged rod brought near a metal doorknob induces a

positive charge on the side of the doorknob closest to the rod and a
negative charge on the side farthest from the rod.
Transfer of
Electric Charge

Objects can be Charged by contact.

-The transfer of electrons from one object to another can charge
objects.
-Objects charged by touching a charged object to a neutral object
are said to be charged by contact.
Transfer of
Electric Charge

Objects can be charged by friction

-Charging by friction occurs when one material gains electrons and
becomes negatively charged, and another loses electrons and
becomes positively charged.
- Your clothes are charged by friction as they rub against each
other inside the dryer, stick together because of static electricity.
Transfer of
Electric Charge

CHARGING BY CONTACT

When a negative rod touches a neutral doorknob, electrons move from the
rod to the doorknob.
Transfer of
Electric Charge

CHARGING BY CONTACT

The transfer of electrons to the metal doorknob gives the doorknob a net
negative charge.
 PROBLEMS
INVOLVING
ELECTRIC CHARGE
Solving Electric
Charge

The force between charges is proportional to the product of their

charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance
between them.

So we can write:
Solving Electric
Charge

The force between charges is proportional to the product of their

charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance
between them.

So we can write:

where q1 and q2 are in coulombs (C), x is in meters, the force is in

newtons and k is a constant, k=
Solving Electric
Charge

It follows that the work done when electric charges move toward each
other (or when they are separated) is given by:
 Sample
Problem 1
 Sample
Problem 2

A proton has a positive charge. How much work is

done in separating two protons from 2 pm to 5 pm?

a=
b=

q1=q2=
 Sample
Problem 2

A proton has a positive charge. How much work is

done in separating two protons from 2 pm to 5 pm?
Solving:

Answer:
 PART 2
ELECTRIC FIELDS
Electric Field

“IF WE HAVE AN OBJECT WITH A KNOWN AMOUNT OF NET

CHARGE, CAN WE PREDICT HOW OTHER ELECTRIC
CHARGES WILL REACT WHEN THEY PASS NEARBY?”
Electric Field

Well, British scientist Michael Faraday came up with a way to do just

that.
He hypothesized that every charged object generates an electric field
that permeates space and exerts a force on all charged particles it
encounters. And he was right;
Electric Field

“ ELECTRIC FIELD IS A MEASURABLE EFFECT GENERATED BY ANY CHARGED

OBJECT.”
A field carries energy and passes it on to other charged materials by exerting
electric forces.
ELECTRIC FIELD
- An electric field is said to exist in
the region of space around a charged
object, the source charge.
- An electric field is an electric force per
unit charge (N/C).
E=F/Q

Electric Field

Let's consider a positive point charge which we'll

call capital Q.

To study the effect that big Q has on other charges,

we'll bring in a small positive test charge, small q,
and measure the force that's acting on it.
Electric Field
Now, when we express it as an equation, the electric
field created by a charged object is the electric force
between the objects and the test charge divided by
the magnitude of that test charge.
Electric Field
And you only need to know the value for big Q, the
point charge. In fact, you can plug the equation for
Coulomb's Law into this equation, in place of capital
F.
Electric Field
And if you do, you'll see that the magnitude of the
test charge cancels out and we're left with an
expression that relies solely on big Q.

Now we've got an equation to calculate the electric field

generated by any point charge. To further understand
the electric field we must know about the electric field
lines.
ELECTRIC
An electric field line is an imaginary line or curve
FIELD LINES drawn through a region of empty space so that its
tangent at any point is in the direction of the
electric field vector at that point.
The direction of the fields is defined by the force on
a positive test charge.
A positive test charge is repelled by a positive charge
so the direction extends away from it
A positive test charge is attracted by a negative
charge so the direction is towards a negative point
charge.
ELECTRIC
FIELD LINES
ELECTRIC
FIELD LINES

FOUR IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF ELECTRIC FIELD LINES

THE FIELD LINES MUST BE TANGENT TO THE DIRECTION OF THE

FIELD AT ANY POINT.
This means if we place a positive test charge anywhere the field lines will
point in the direction of the force exerted on a positive test charge. This also
means that a negative test charge would feel a force in the exact opposite
direction.
ELECTRIC
FIELD LINES

FOUR IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF ELECTRIC FIELD LINES

THE GREATER THE LINE DENSITY, THE GREATER THE MAGNITUDE

OF THE FIELD
As a test charge moves closer to one of the fixed charges, the forces on it will
be larger, thus the greater number of lines in that area. All of this together
means that the number of lines leaving a charged object is proportional to
the magnitude of its charge. If the magnitude of the positive charge in our
electric dipole is doubled, then twice as many lines leave the positive point
charge.
ELECTRIC
FIELD LINES

FOUR IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF ELECTRIC FIELD LINES

THE LINES ALWAYS START FROM POSITIVELY CHARGED OBJECTS

AND END ON NEGATIVELY CHARGED OBJECTS.

And if there are no negatively charged objects around, then the lines just
keep going on forever into infinity, seeking out negatively charged objects
wherever they can find them.
ELECTRIC
FIELD LINES

FOUR IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF ELECTRIC FIELD LINES

THE LINES MUST NEVER CROSS.

Criss-crossing lines mean the field acts in different directions for charges in
the same location which is impossible.

To further understand about the electric field we can try to answer some
sample problems that I have prepared for you.
 PROBLEMS
INVOLVING
ELECTRIC FIELDS
Problem 1
1. A force of 100N is directed north on a -20uC point
charge. What is the magnitude and direction of the
electric field at this point?
Problem 1

Before we will move to the next problem, we should try to familiarize and
remember these numbers.
Mass of electron= 9.11 x 10 10^-31 kg
Mass of protons= 1.67 x 10^-27 kg
Charge of Electron= -1.602 x 10^-19 C
Charge of Protons= 1.602 x 10^-19 C
So those are the numbers you want to be familiar with when we’re working
with problems associated with electric fields if you’re dealing with protons
and electrons.
Problem 2

1. A +40uC point charge is placed at the origin. Calculate the

magnitude and direction of the electric field created by the point
charge at the following locations: (A) Point P (5m, 0) (b) Point 5 (3m,
4m).
Problem 2
Problem 2
Problem 2
 PART 3
ELECTROSTATICS
ELECTROSTATICS

- is a branch of physics that deals with the study of electric charges at

rest.

- the study of electromagnetic phenomena that occur when there are no

moving charges—i.e., after a static equilibrium has been established.
Charges reach their equilibrium positions rapidly because the electric
force is extremely strong.


Coulomb’s Law

Charles-Augustin de Coulomb was a

French officer, engineer, and
physicist. He is best known as the
eponymous discoverer of what is
now called Coulomb's law.
 The quantitative expression for the effect
Coulomb's Law of these three variables on electric force is
known as Coulomb's law. Coulomb's law
states that the electrical force between two
charged objects is directly proportional to
the product of the quantity of charge on
the objects and inversely proportional to
the square of the separation distance
between the two objects.
Coulomb's Law
 PROBLEMS
INVOLVING
ELECTROSTATICS
Sample Problem 1
Sample Problem 2
THANK YOU!!!
REFERENCES
 References
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/electrical-engineering/ee-electrostatics/ee-electric-force-and-
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https://youtu.be/V9RLc9EX1so
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