1984 by George Orwell Annotations
1984 by George Orwell Annotations
1984 by George Orwell Annotations
Notes
- Vocabulary
- Characters: who are they? What do they want? What are their values? Do they have
Principles?
- Symbols: Objects in the book that are described frequently and analyze what they
symbolize
Ch. 1
-Vocab:
● varicose ulcer (A wound on the leg or ankle caused by abnormal or damaged veins)
-Characters:
● Winston Smith, 39, works at The Ministry of Truth in the Records Department. He builds
hatred for the governmental control of “Big Brother”. Winston also questions the
himself contain a mutual interest due to their eye contact during the Two Minute hate.
● Emmanuel Goldstein is the enemy of the people, The face of the Two minute hate,
former leader, and Commander of “The Brotherhood” society- Quote “ He was abusing
Big Brother, he was denouncing the dictatorship of the Party, he was demanding the
-Big ideas/Governments:
● Big Brother- government- Quote; “They were the homes of the four Ministries between
which the entire apparatus of government was divided: the Ministry of Truth, which
concerned itself with news, entertainment, education, and the fine arts: the Ministry of
Peace, which concerned itself with war: the Ministry of Love, which maintained law and
order: and the Ministry of Plenty, which was responsible for economic affairs. Their
-Symbol:
● “war is peace, freedom is slavery, ignorance is strength” is the three slogans of the party(
Ministry of truth)
● “Two Minute Hate”: Quote-” The Horrible thing about the Two Minutes Hate was not
that one was obliged to act a part, but that it was impossible to avoid joining in. Within
thirty seconds any pretense was always unnecessary. A hideous ecstasy of fear and
vindictiveness, a desire to kill, to torture, to smash faces in with a sledge hammer, seemed
to flow through the whole group of people like an electric current, turning one event
against one’s will intoa grimacing, streaming lunatic. And yet the rage that one felt was
an abstract, undirected emotion which could be switched from one object to another like
-By the Government requiring its citizens to participate in this moment where they are to
only express hatred to a man they don't truly know, but they despise this person willingly
because their government “Big Brother” says that Emmanuel Goldstin is a bad person.
This only reveals how influenceable and easily manipulated the people of Oceania are,
this also reveals how far under control the people of Oceania are to Big Brother
● Thoughtcrime-” Thoughtcrime was not a thing that could be concealed forever. You
might dodge successfully for a while, even for years, but sooner or later they were bound
In the vast majority of the cases there was no trial,no report of the arrest. People simply
disappeared, always during the night. Your name was removed from the register, every
record of everything you had ever done was wiped out, your one-time existence was
denied and then forgotten. You were abolished, annihilated: vaporized was the usual
word” (ch.1,19)
-This implies that the government willingly erases citizens from existence if they feel that
the particular person is a threat to the organization of Big Brother; By exposing Big
Brother and revealing to the people of Oceania that Big brother is a lie. Overall, this
● “The Brotherhood”, ran by Emmanuel Golstein: Quote-” But what was strange was that
although Goldstein was hated and despised by everyone, although every day, a thousand
times a day, on platforms, on the telescreen, in newspapers, in books, his theories were
refuted, smashed, ridiculed, held up to the general gaze for the pitiful rubbish that they
were- in spite of all this, his influence never seemed to grow less. Always there were
fresh dupes waiting to be seduced by him. A day never passed when spies and saboteurs
acting under his directions were not unasked by the Thought Police. He was the
to the overthrow the State. The Brotherhood, its name was supposed to be (ch.1,13)
-This implies that Big Brother finds Emmanuel Goldstein as a threat. With being a threat
the government encourages all people of citizens to stand against Goldstein by providing
information about the man that may or may not be true. No evidence provided.
Ch. 2
-Vocab:
● Strenuousness ( energetic)
-Characters:
● Tom Parsons, neighbor at Victory mansions as well as a coworker at the Ministry of Truth
● “Nearly all children nowadays were horrible. What was worst of all was that by means of
such organizations as the spies they were systematically turned into ungovernable little
savages, and yet this produced in them no tendency whatever to rebel against the
discipline of the Party. On the contrary, they adored the Party and everything connected
with it. The songs, the processions, the banners, the hiking, the drilling with dummy
rifles, the yelling of slogans, and the worship of Big Brother- it was all a sort of glorious
-Symbol:
the past” (ch.2, 26), (Newspeak is the official language), (two different thoughts at once),
● Youth league- which allows children to act as spies and report to the Thought police
-This implies that the government invests in manipulation to children at early ages so that
Ch.3
-Vocab:
-Characters:
● Winston's family (mother, baby sister) sacrificed their lives to save his, as they sunk in
the ship.
-Big ideas/Governments:
● “In 1984(if it was 1984), Oceania was at war with Eurasia and in alliance with Eastasia.
In no public or private utterance was it ever admitted that the three powers had at any
time been grouped along different lines… Winston well knew, it was only four years
since Oceania had been at war with Eastasia and in alliance with Eurasia. But that was
merely a piece of fugitive knowledge which he had happened to possess because his
memory was not satisfactorily under control. Officially the change in partners had never
happened. Oceania was at war with Eurasia: therefore Oceania had always been at war
with Eurasia… the frightening thing was that it might all be true. If the Party could
thrusts its hands into the past and say of this or that event, it never
happened-that,surely,wasmore terrifying than mere torture and death… The Party said
that Oceania had never been in alliance with Eurasia. He, Winston Smith, knew that
Oceania had been in alliance with Eurasia as short a time as four years ago. But where
-This implies that with the government repeatedly altering history changing the facts,
loopholes still stand. For instance, Winston has lived before Big Brother. He remembers
what happened and what didn’t. But he cannot easily prove that he remembers correctly
because there is no evidence. This show how carrot the government is by attempting to
rewrite history.
● “And if all others accepted the lie which the Party imposed- if all records told the same
tale-than the passed into history and became the truth. “Who controls the past” ran the
Party slogan, “controls the future: who controls the present controls the past” (ch.3,34)
-This implies that the lies told by the government become the truth because no one is able
-Symbol:
● “To know and not to know, to be conscious of complete truthfulness while telling
carfulling constructed lies, to hold simultaneously two opinions which cancelled out,
● “ The past, he reflected, had not merely been altered it had actually been destroyed. For
how could you establish even the most obvious fact when there existed no record outside
Ch.4
-Vocab:
one's words)
-Characters:
● Tillotson
● Ampleforth
● Comrade Ogilvy: an imaginary person made into existence by the government. “It was
true that there was no such person as comrade Ogilvy, but a few lines of print and a
couple of faked photographs would soon bring him into existence… At the age of three
comrade Ogilvy had refused all toys except a drum, a submachine gun, and a model
helicopter. At six- a year early… he had joined the Spies; at nine he had been a troop
leader. At eleven he had denounced his uncle to the Thought police after overhearing a
-Big ideas/Governments:
● “Day by day and almost minute by minute the past was brought up to date. In this way
every prediction made by the Party could be shown by documentary evidence to have
been correct… All history was a palimpsest, scraped clean and reinscribed exactly as
often as was necessary. In no case would it have been possible, once the deed was done,
● “... Were other swarms of workers engaged in unimaginable multitude of jobs. There
were the huge printing shops with their sub editors, their typography experts, and their
elaborately equipped studios for the faking of photographs. There was the telegrams
section with its engineers, its producers, and its teams of actors specially chosen for their
skill in imitating voices... There were the vast repositories where the corrected documents
were stored, and the hidden furnaces where the original copies were destroyed” (ch.4,42)
- These two paragraphs cited from the novel reveal that The government has made
Oceania to where nothing could be proved as the truth or just a lie because there lies no
evidence to tell. So citizens are left to believe only what Big Brother says it is.
● “ Or perhaps- what was likeliest of all- the thing had simply happened because purges
and vaporizations were a necessary part of the mechanics of government. The only real
clue lay in the words “refs unpersons”, which indicated that … was already dead. You
could not invariably assume this to be the case when people were arrested. Sometimes
they were released and allowed to remain at liberty for as much as a year or two years
before being executed. Very occasionally some persons whom you had believed dead
long since would make a ghostly reappearance at some public trail where he would
implicate hundreds of others by his testimony before vanishing, this time forever.”
(ch.4,45-46)
Ch.5
-Vocab:
-Characters:
He values the principles of Newspeak, the art of destroying all words and applying
-Big ideas/Governments:
● “By 2050- earlier, probably-all real knowledge of oldspeak will have disappeared. The
whole literature of the past will have been destroyed… Even the literature of the Party
will change. Even the slogans will change. How could you have a slogan like “freedom is
slavery” when the concept of freedom has been abolished? The whole climate of thought
will be different. In fact there will be no thought, as we understand it now. Orthodoxy
- This explains how the government intends to limit citizens ability to think for
themselves.
● “It was terribly dangerous to let your thoughts wander when you were in any public place
or within range of a telescreen. The smallest thing could give you away. A nervous tic, an
unconscious look of anxiety, a habit of muttering to yourself- anything that carried with it
improper expression on your face was itself a punishable offense.There was even a word
● “Don’t you see that the whole aim of Newspeak is to narrow the range of thought? In the
end we shall make thoughtcrime literally impossible, because there will be no words in
Ch.6
-Vocab:
-Characters:
● Katherine, Winston’s wife. She valued a purely nonsexual relationship with Winston.
-Big ideas/Governments:
● “...The Party was trying to kill the sex instinct, or,if, it could not be killed, than to distort
it and dirty it… So far as the women were concerned, the Part’s efforts were largely
successful.” (ch.5,66)
● “The aim of the Party was not merely to prevent men and women from forming loyalties
which it might not be able to control. Its real, declared purpose was to remove all
pleasure from the sexual act. Not love so much as eroticism was the enemy, inside
marriage as well as outside it. All marriages between Party members had to be approved
by a committee… and though the principle was never clearly states- permission was
always refused if the couple concerned gave the impression of being physically attracted
● “ The only recognized purpose of marriage was to beget children for the service of the
(ch.5,65)
-These two quotes cited from the novel imply that the government intends to destroy the
power of obtaining relationships. This also prevent people from having loyalty to anyone
-Symbol:
● Junior Anti-Sex Leauge-” There were even organizations such as the Junior Anti-Sex
Ch.7
-Vocab:
● Indoctrinate ( teach a person or group to accept a set of beliefs uncritically )
-Characters:
● Rutherford, Aaronson, Jones were purgers apart of the Revolution in the 60’s; associated
-Big ideas/Governments:
● “In the end the Party would announce that two and two made five, and you would have to
believe it. It was inevitable that they should make that claim sooner or later: the logic of
their position demanded it. Not merely the validity of experience, but the very existence
of external reality was tacitly denied by their philosophy… And what was terrifying was
not that they would kill you for thinking otherwise, but that they might be right. For, after
all, how do we know that two and two make four? Or that the force of gravity works? Or
that the past is unchangeable? If both the past and external world exits only in my mind,
-This comes to show that with all the government's manipulation it puts its citizens
through. People such as Winston find it hard to believe in what is true, what is a lie made
● “In all questions of morals they were allowed to follow their ancestral code. The sexual
puritanism of the Party was not imposed upon them. Promiscuity went unpunished;
divorce was permitted. For that matter, even religious worship would have been
permitted if the proles had shown any sign of needing or wanting it. They were beneath
suspicion. As the Party slogan put it: “Proles and animals are free.” (ch.7,72)
Ch.8
-Vocab:
-Characters:
● Mr. Charrington, prole, shop owner that Winston brought the coral and diary from.
Winston is unsure that Mr. Charrington nor his shop is trustworthy. Winstop has the area
-Big ideas/Governments:
● “The older generations had mostly been wiped out in the great purges of the Fifties and
Sixties, and the few who survived had long ago been terrified into complete intellectual
surrender. If there was anyone alive who could give you a truthful account of conditions
● “And when memory failed and written records were falsified-when that happened, the
claim of the Party to have improved the conditions of human life have got to be accepted,
because there did not exist, and never again could exist, any standard against which it
-Symbol:
Ch.1
-Vocab:
-Characters:
● Wilsher: briefly mentioned character who interrupts Winstons attempt to sit at the table
-Symbol:
● Paddington station: is where the dark hair girl tells Winston to take as a route to get to
her.
● St. Martin’s Church: is the Church Mr. Warrington sings a song about, for Winston.
Winston takes an interest in this church because it represents a age before the Revolution
● Victory Square: is where Winston and the dark haired girl have their first meet up. She
gives Winston directions to another meet up spot, and she holds his hand for a moment
Ch.2
-Vocab:
● Obeisance ( respect )
-Characters:
● Julia: she values having intimate relationships with many members of the Party. Winston
and that was the end of the story. But you could not have pure love or pure lust
nowadays. No emotion was pure, because everything was mixed up with fear and hatred.
Their embrace had been a battle, the climax a victory. It was a blow struck against the
Ch.3
-Vocab:
-Big ideas/Governments:
● “...The family could not actually be abolished, and, indeed, people were encouraged to be
fond of their children in almost the old-fashioned way. The children, on the other hand,
were systematically turned against their parents and taught to spy on them and report
their deviations. The family had become in effect an extension of the Thought Police. It
was a device by means of which everyone could be surrounded night and day by
-Symbol:
● The brotherhood
ch.4
-Vocab:
-Characters:
● Mr. Charrington reveals that he values privacy most. Which is ironic because the
-Symbol:
● Hate week
● “ He wondered vaguely whether in the abolished past it had been a normal experience to
lie in bed like this, in the cool of the summer evening, a man and a woman with no
clothes on, making love when they chose, talking of what they chose, no feeling any
compilation to get up, simply lying there and listening to peaceful sounds outside. Surely
there could never have been a time when that seemed ordinary.” (ch.4,143)
Ch.5
-Vocab:
-Big ideas/Governments:
● “Once when he happened in some connection to mention the war against Eurasia, she
startled him by saying casually that in her opinion the war was not happening. The rocket
bombs which fell daily on London were probably fired by the Government of Oceania
Already we know almost literally nothing about the Revolution and the years before the
Revolution. Every record has been destroyed or falsified, every book has been rewritten,
every picture has been repainted, every statue and street and buildings has been renamed,
every date has been altered. And that process is continuing day by day and minute by
minute. History has stopped. Nothing exists except an endless present in which the Party
-Symbol:
● Rocket bombs
● “In a way, the world-view of the Party imposed itself most successfully on people
incapable of understanding it. They could be made to accept the most flagrant violations
of reality, because they never fully grasped the enormity of what was demanded of them,
and were not sufficiently interested in public events to notice what was happening. By
Ch.6
-Vocab:
-Characters:
● O'Brien: valued the destruction of words (Newspeak). Became vaporized due to being an
intelligent civilian.
-Symbol:
● Memory hole
Ch.7
-Vocab:
-Characters:
-Big ideas/Governments:
● “The terrible thing that the Party had done was to persuade you that mere impulses, mere
feelings, were of no account, while at the same time robbing you of all power over the
material world… Whatever happened you vanished, and neither you nor your actions
-Symbol:
● Proles: they valued loyalty to one another and not the Party
Ch.8
-Vocab:
● Indecipherable ( Indecipherable )
-Characters:
● Martin: Servant of O'Brien, member of the brotherhood. Valued the destruction of Big
Brother
-Symbol:
● “ The members of the Brotherhood have no way of recognizing one another, and it is
impossible for any one member to be aware of the identity of more than a very few
others… The Brotherhood cannot be wiped out because it is not an organization in the
(ch.8,175-176)
● “ You will work for a while, you will be caught, you will confess, and then you will die.
Those are the only results that you will ever see. There is no possibility that any
perceptible change will happen within our own lifetime. We are the dead. Our only true
Ch.9
-Vocab:
-Symbol:
● “If the machine were used deliberately for that end, hunger, overwork, dirt, illiteracy, and
disease could be eliminated within a few generations. And in fact, without being used for
any such purpose, but by a sort of automatic process- ny producing wealth which it was
sometimes impossible not to distribute- the machine did raise the living standards of the
average human being very greatly over a period of about fifty years at the end of the
● “But it was also clear that an all round increase in wealth threatened the destruction… of
hierarchical society. In a world in which everyone worked short hours, had enough to eat,
lived in a house with a bathroom and a refrigerator, and possessed a motorcar or even an
airplane, the most obvious and perhaps the most important form of inequality would
already have disappeared. If it once became general, wealth would confer no distinction.
It was possible, no doubt, to imagine a society in which wealth, in the sense of personal
possessions and luxuries, should be evenly distributed, while power remained in the
hands of a small privileged caste. But in practice such a society could not long remain
Ch.10
-Vocab:
● Indefatigable ( tirelessly )
-Characters:
● Mr. Charrington: true identity of a member of the Thought police. Principles of reporting
unorthodox behavior
-Symbol:
● The future belonged to the proles: Winston believed the proles were the key to they future
because they were the only ones who remained sane, kept their humanity.
● Where there is equality there can be sanity: Message from “The Book” of Goldstein
● We are the dead: The Party members, the members of The Brotherhood are considered
Ch.1
-Vocab:
● Unreproved (rebuked )
-Characters:
● “To a surprisingly extent the ordinary criminals ignored the Party prisoners. “The polits”
thy called them, with a sort of uninterested contempt. The Party prisoners seemed
terrified of speaking to anybody, and above all of speaking to one another.” (ch.1,228)
-Symbol:
● Room 101
ch.2
-Vocab:
-Characters:
● O'Brien-” It was O’Brien who was directing everything. It was he who set the guards
onto Winston and who prevented them from killing him. It was he who decided when
Winston should scream with pain, when he should have respite, when he should be fed,
when he should sleep, when the drugs should be pumped into his arm. It was he who
asked the questions and suggested the answers. He was the tormentor, he was the
-Big ideas/Governments:
● “It was easier to confess everything and implicate everybody. Besides, in a sense it was
all true. It was true that he had been the enemy of the Party, and in the eyes of the Party
there was no distinction between the thought and the deed.” (ch.2,242)
● “ Shall I tell you why we have brought you here? To cure you! To make you sane! Will
you understand… that no one whom we bring to this place ever leaves our hands
uncured?... The Party is not interested in the overact: the thought is all we care about. We
Ch.3
-Characters:
● “The terrible thing, thought Winston, the terrible thing was that when O’Brien said this
he would believe it… he knew what the world was really like, in what degradation the
mass of human beings lived and by what lies and barbarities the Party kept them there.
He had understood it all, weighed it all, and it made no difference: all was justified by the
ultimate purpose. What can you do, thought Winston, against the lunatic who is more
intelligent than yourself, who gives your arguments a fair hearing and then simply
● Winston: values his loyalty towards julia through his torture sessions
-Symbol:
Ch.4
-Vocab:
● Capitulate ( surrender )
-Characters:
● Winstin; acceptd the principles of the Party- “he obeyed the Party, but he still hated the
Party.” (ch.4,280)
-Symbol:
● God is Power
● Golden Country
Ch.5
-Vocab:
-Characters:
● Winston: offers ignores his loyalty to Julia: instead he offers her up as a replacement to
● “There are occasions when a human being will stand out against pain, even to the point
contemplated.” (ch.5,284)
Ch.6
-Vocab:
-Characters:
● Julia and Winston admit their betrayal towards one another.
● Winston- “But it was all right, everything was alright, the struggle was finished. He had
-Symbol:
● 2+2=5