15.

MINERAL-BASED INDUSTRIES
IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY:
1. When and where did the actual development of the iron and steel industry
start?
The actual development of the iron and steel industry started with the
commencement of Tata Steel Limited in Jamshedpur in 1907.

2. Name one private and two public sector iron and steel plants.
Private sector – Tata Iron and Steel Company [TISCO]
Public sector - Bhilai steel plant and Rourkela steel plant

3. Name the authority that controls all the public sector steel plants.
Steel authority of India Limited controls all the public sector steel plants.

4. Distinguish between integrated and mini steel plants.

Integrated steel plants Mini steel plants
An integrated steel plant is the one in Steel plants that do not do all the
which all the processes from process at one place is called a mini
providing raw- materials to the steel plant.
conversion of steel are all done in one
place.
Integrated steel plants employ a large Mini steel plants functions with less
number of people. number of people.
It requires large capital investment as It requires comparatively smaller
huge machines and infrastructure is capital investment.
required.
It has to be located close to the It can be located anywhere in the
mineral rich zone as it uses raw- industrial towns far away from the
material like iron- ore, coal, mineral zone as it uses scrap iron and
Manganese. cost of transportation is minimized

5. What are integrated iron and steel plants? Name one.

An integrated steel plant is the one in which all the processes from providing
raw- materials to the conversion of steel are all done in one place.
E.g., Tata Iron and Steel Company [TISCO]

6. Name one integrated steel plant in the Private Sector. From where does this
plant get its requirement of iron ore, manganese and coal? OR
From where does the integrated steel plant at Jamshedpur get its iron ore
and coal.
Tata Iron and Steel Company [TISCO]
Iron-ore – Gurumahisani mines in Mayurbhanj district of Odisha and Naomundi
mines in Singhbhum district of Jharkhand.
Manganese – Joda in Keonjhar district of Odisha
 Coal – Jharia and Bokaro coalfields

7. Name one integrated steel plant in the Public Sector. From where does this
plant get its requirement of iron ore, manganese and coal?
Rourkela Steel Plant
Iron-ore – Bonaigarh, Mayurbhanj, Keonjhar and Naomundi in Odisha
Manganese – Barajmda and Naomundi in Odisha
Coal – Raniganj in West Bengal and Jharia in Jharkhand

8. What are the advantages of an integrated steel plant?

1. They employ a large number of people.
2. They are located in the Chota Nagpur Plateau region where raw materials are
readily available.
3. They cater to both domestic and international markets.

9. What are mini steel plants?

The mini steel plants are of small or medium size and have less production
capacity as compared with the big Steel plants. It has electric furnaces and utilize
scrap sponge iron as raw materials.

10. Mention three advantages that a mini steel plant has over an integrated
steel plant. OR Mention two characteristics of a mini steel plant.
The advantages are:
1. Mini steel plants are dependent on electric furnaces thereby conserving coal and
so they do not cause pollution.
2. They use scrap iron (iron that is left after the steel is manufactured) from
integrated steel plants and so there is no need for them to be located near the
location of the raw material.
3. These plants meet the demand of local market and reduce the pressure on large
plants.
4. They require less capital investment.

11. How is it advantageous for a mini steel plant—

(i) to use electric furnaces
(ii) not to be located close to the location of the raw material
(i) Mini steel plants are dependent on electric furnaces thereby conserving coal
and so they do not cause pollution.
(ii) They use scrap iron (iron that is left after the steel is manufactured) from
integrated steel plants and so there is no need for them to be located near the
location of the raw material.

12. What are mini steel plants? Are they better than integrated steel plants? If
yes. How?

13. The iron and steel industry is referred to as a basic or key industry. Give
reason.
 The iron and steel industry is called basic or key industry because steel is a
primary raw material for making heavy machinery, automobiles, railway tracks,
construction work such as bridges, dams, houses, consumer and capital goods.

14. The Iron and Steel industry constitutes the backbone of modern industrial
economy. Give two reasons to justify the statement.

1. Iron ore is one of the most widely distributed minerals found in the Earth’s crust.
2. It is foundation of basic industry as most of the important industries such as
automobile, locomotives, rail tracks, shipbuilding, machinery and tools and
manufacture of defence equipment depend on iron and steel industry.
3. The production and consumption of iron and steel are one of the most
significant measures of the level of industrialisation and economic growth of a
country.

15. The iron and steel plants are concentrated in the Chotanagpur Plateau
region. Give reason.
Mention two reasons for the concentration of steel plants in the Chota-
Nagpur Plateau region.
1. Low cost of iron ore is available in this region.
2. High grade raw materials in proximity.
3. Cheap labour in abundance is also available in the region.
4. Vast growth potential in the home market.
5. Connectivity of good transport system.
6. This region has number of thermal and hydel power plants.

16. Mini steel plants do not pollute the atmosphere as much as integrated steel
plants. Give reason.
Mini steel plants are dependent on electric power thereby conserving coal and so
they do not cause pollution.

17. Mention any two advantages does the Vishakhapatnam Steel Plant have
over the other Steel plants in the public sector?
1. Vishakhapatnam Steel Plant is a modern integrated Steel plant with the latest
technology and some of the largest size units.
2. Vishakhapatnam’s modern protected harbour and deep land locked port
facilitates import of raw materials and export of finished goods.

18. Name the foreign collaborators of the following Iron and Steel plants:
Bhilai and Rourkela
Bhilai: Russia.
Rourkela: German firm, Krupps and Demag

19. How is it advantageous for a mini steel plant:

to use electric furnaces
not to be located close to the location of the raw material?
1. Mini steel plants use electric furnaces thus conserving coal and thereby reducing
pollution.
2. They use scrap iron (iron that is left after the steel is manufactured) from
integrated steel plants and so there is no need for them to be located near the
location of the raw material.

20. Name the steel plants that were set up with Russian collaboration.
Bhillai and Bokaro steel plants that were set up with Russian collaboration.

21. Name two industrial towns which are connected with the production of
iron and steel.
Jamshedpur, Bhadravati, Rourkela, Bokaro

22. What are the problems faced by iron and steel plants in India?
1. Iron and steel industries require large capital investment which is difficult for
developing country like India.
2. Machinery used is outdated and lacks in technological advancement.
3. To meet the increasing demand for iron and steel, it is been imported.
4. Many iron and steel plants in public sector are facing strikes, lockouts, energy
crises caused due to poor labour relations, inefficient management.
5. India lacks high grade coal for smelting iron ore. Consequently, many steel plants
are forced to import coal.

TATA IRON AND STEEL COMPANY:

1. With reference to Tata Iron and Steel Company, answer the following;
When and where was it set up?
Iron and Steel Company was set up in 1907 in Jamshedpur, Jharkhand.

2. From where does it gets its supply of Iron-ore, limestone and manganese?
Iron-ore – Gurumahisani mines in Mayurbhanj district of Odisha and Naomundi
mines in Singhbhum district of Jharkhand.
Limestone, dolomite – Sundargarh district of Odisha
Manganese – Joda in Keonjhar district of Odisha
Coal – Jharia and Bokaro coalfields

3. From where does the plant get its water supply?

The two rivers Kharkai and Subarnarekha supply water for cooling purposes.

4. From where does the plant get its supply of power?

Hydroelectricity is provided by the Damodar Valley Corporation.

5. Name the states that provide labour force.

Jharkhand, West Bengal, Bihar and Chhattisgarh

6. Name the main market of this plant.

Kolkata
7. Which seaport serves the region?
Kolkata

8. How are the products transported to this port?

Roadways and Railways.

BHILAI STEEL PLANT:

1. With reference to Bhilai steel plant, answer the following;

From where does the plant obtain iron, coal, limestone, manganese and
dolomite?
Iron ore – Dalli Rajhara mines in Durg district and Bailadila in Bastar district of
Chhattisgarh
Coal – Jharia and Bokaro coalfields
Limestone – Nandini mines, 20 km away.
Manganese –neighbouring district of Balaghat in Karnataka
Dolomite – Bilaspur district

2. Name the source of water supply to the plant.

The Tandula reservoir supply water to the plant.

3. From where does the plant get its supply of power?

Power is obtained from the Korba Thermal Power station

ROURKELA STEEL PLANT:

1. With reference to Rourkela steel plant, answer the following;

From where does the plant obtain iron, limestone, manganese and
dolomite?
Iron-ore – Bonaigarh, Mayurbhanj, Keonjhar and Naomundi in Odisha
Limestone & Dolomite – Bhirmitrapur and Baradwar in Odisha
Coal – Jharia and Korba
Manganese – Barajmda and Naomundi in Odisha

2. Name the source of power supply to the plant.

The Hirakud Dam Project supplies hydroelectricity to the plant.

3. From where does the plant get its supply of water?

The water is sourced from Mandira dam across the Sankha river and from
Mahanadi River.

ELECTRONIC INDUSTRY:

1. Why has the electronic industry grown in importance? OR

 Mention two reasons for the importance of the Electronic industry in
India’s development.
1. Electronics industry developed in India in the 1950’s with radio manufacturing
and at present diversified into different areas like space exploration, defence
equipment, medical diagnosis and software industry.
2. Indian hardware and software is in great demand worldwide.
3. It is a fast growing tertiary occupation and requires large number of skilled
workers.

2. The electronic industry has made an impact on both entertainment and

education. Justify.
1. Electronic industry with large scale integration process has produced computers,
servers, displays, TVs and cameras to enable capture and broadcast news,
advertisements, cinema.
2. It has also made education smart and practical through smart classes reaching to
large section of the population thus revolutionizing the life style of the Indian
masses.

3. The electronics industry is proving to be an asset for our country in the

field of education.
The electronic industry has made education smart and practical through smart
classes reaching to large section of the population thus revolutionizing the life
style of the Indian masses.

4. Why is the electronic industry important for space and technology?

1. Space Technology- Space technology is supported by the electronic industry.
Many satellites have been launched successfully by ISRO. These have helped in
communication.
2. Entertainment-Due to the progress made by the electronic industry, the
television and radio industry has developed. Today, televisions have become an
important part of millions of homes in India.

5. Electronic industry is divided into two parts. Name them. Name their
products.
The Electronic industry is divided into two components
1. heavy electrical equipment industry – Transformers, Generators, electric motors,
mining machines.
2. light electrical goods industry - Dry and Storage Batteries, household electric
appliances like electric fans.

6. How is electronic industry beneficial to medical science?

By using medical electronic equipment like X-rays doctors and surgeons can do
medical examinations with precision and save thousands of lives.

7. Which satellites are built by our Space Technology in support with our
Electronic Industry?
 These satellites are Apple and Insat series.

8. What factors have led to the development of software in India?

1. The development of software industry is due to the availability of technically
skilled manpower.
2. The development of Electronics has enhanced the competitiveness of India in IT
and has initiated a number of programmes for manpower development, quality
upgradation and stimulation of software engineering and research.

9. Which cities form the Silicon triangle of India?

Bengaluru, Hyderabad and Pune form the Silicon triangle of India.

10. Name two cities which have leading software companies.

Two cities which have leading software companies are Bengaluru and
Hyderabad.

11. Name two multinational IT companies that have set up trade offices in
Bengaluru.
Hewlett-Packard (HP), Apple India Pvt Ltd, Accenture Services Pvt Ltd.

12. Why is Bengaluru called the IT capital of India?

Bengaluru is called the IT capital of India due to:
1. Pleasant and comfortable climate.
2. Readily available world-class IT infrastructure.
3. High concentration of IT companies and quality research and development
institutions.
4. Progressive government policies.
5. Centre for international conferences and workshops.

13. Give two geographical reasons for the growth of IT industries in Bangalore.
Pleasant and comfortable climate.
Centre for international conferences and workshops.

14. Name the Electronic Industries of India.

(i) Bharat Electronic Ltd. (BEL).
(ii) The Indian Telephone Industries (ITI).
(iii) The Electronic Corporation of India Ltd. (ECIL).

PETRO-CHEMICAL INDUSTRY:
1. What are petrochemicals? Name two petrochemicals.
Petrochemicals are the organic chemicals and compounds derived from
petroleum products.
Naptha, ethylene, propylene, and Benzene

2. Why are traditional raw materials being replaced by petrochemical

products? OR
 How important are the petrochemicals? OR
What are the advantages of petrochemicals? OR
Mention two reasons for the development of the petrochemical industry in
India. OR
Petrochemical products are gaining popularity in modern times. Give
reason. OR

State two reasons for the growing importance in the status of

petrochemical industries.

1. Petrochemicals are cost-effective, economically stable and cheaper as they are

produced on a mass scale.
2. They are not dependent on agricultural raw material. Hence there is no
fluctuation in production due to climatic factors.

3. Products made from petrochemicals are growing in popularity. Give

reason.
Products made from petrochemicals are cost-effective, economically stable and
cheaper as they are produced on a mass scale.

4. Name any two products made from petrochemicals. OR

Name two products of the petroleum industry.
Fertilisers and insecticides, Synthetic fibre, synthetic rubber, Plasticware.

5. Name the raw materials used in the petrochemical industry.

Naptha and Benzene

6. Name two products of the electronic industry.

Mobile devices, televisions, and circuit boards

7. Name one manufacturing unit each of petrochemicals in the private and

public sectors.
Private sector:
National Organic Chemical Industries Limited at Thane.
Reliance Industries Ltd.
Public Sector:
Indian Petrochemicals Corporation limited at Vadodara.
Bongaigaon Petrochemicals Limited at Bongaigaon, Assam.
The Indian Oil Corporation

8. Petrochemical industries are located near petroleum refineries.

The petrochemicals industry sources raw materials to the refineries and also the
transportation of petroleum and its products are always dangerous due to its
inflammable nature. Hence the distance is always kept minimised.

9. Plastic is one of the greatest inventions of the petrochemical industry.

 Plastic is one of the greatest inventions of the petrochemical industry because it
is cheap, durable, light weight and hence widely used.

10. Name two places where Natural gas deposits are found.
Naharkatiya and Moran in Assam
Ankleshwar and Kalol in Gujarat

11. Name two natural products that can be replaced by petroleum products.
1. Leather footwear (Natural material) can be replaced by Plastic chappals and
synthetic footwear (Petrochemical Product).
2. Cloth and Jute bags (Natural material) can be replaced by Polythene bags
(Petrochemical Product).

12. Which city is known as the electronic capital of India? Name any two major
centres of electronic products.
Bengaluru is known as the electronic capital of India.
Two other electronic products centres are Hyderabad and Pune.

13. Name the following:

A city on the east coast of India which has a ship building yard.
The iron and steel plant set up with German collaboration.
Vishakhapatnam
Rourkela steel plant

14. With which large scale industry would you identify the following
manufacturing centres:
(i) Rourkela – Iron and Steel plant
(ii) Hyderabad – Software industry
(iii) Pune – Entertainment industry

15. Most of the petrochemical units are in Maharashtra or Gujarat. Give two
reasons to explain why?

Most of the petrochemical units are in Maharashtra or Gujarat because:

(i) Maharashtra and Gujarat are located near to the oil refineries which facilitates
easy availability of raw materials to the industry.

(ii) These states have well-built infrastructure and big industrial centres so the
demand and supply both can be carried out easily.
Name the private sector iron and steel plant of India. From where does it get its supply
of:
1. Iron ore
2. Manganese
3. Coal

Name the following:

i. A city most famous for electronics and hence called “The Electronics Capital of India”.
ii. The location of an iron and steel industry set up with German collaboration.

Briefly answer the following-

i. From where dose Rourkela Steel Plant obtain its supply of coal?
ii. From where dose Tata Iron and Steel Plant get its supply of iron-ore?
iii. Name two cities that are important in the production of electronics.

i) Name an iron and steel plant which was established with German collaboration.
(ii) From where does it get its supply of:
1. iron ore
2. manganese
3. coal

What are petrochemicals? Name any two products made from petrochemicals.
Name a manufacturing centre for each of the following industries:
Software and petrochemical

Name two raw materials used in the petrochemical industry and state two advantages
of petrochemical products.

1. Name an Iron and Steel Industry set up in Orissa with the help of a famous German
firm.
2. From where does the industry named in b (i) get its iron ore and manganese?

Name the three varieties of iron ore mined in India. Name one state where each is
found.