What Is Information Technology?

1. What is Information Technology?
It is any form of technology, any equipment or technique, used by people

to handle information. Although the abacus and the printing press are
example of IT, the term usually refers to modern technology of computing
and of telephony, television, and other means of telecommunication.
It has applications in industry, commerce, education, science, medicine
and in the home.
The development of IT is recognized worldwide as being of major
importance, especially since cost reductions have made large-scale IT
systems economically possible.
It is focused on the utilization of computers and computer software to plan,
install, customize, operate, manage, administer and maintain information
technology systems.
2. Define computer at least two definitions.

It is a data-processing machine or, in other words, a machine for the
manipulation of symbols. These symbols represent information of various
kinds, for example, a number or a name. It is used today as an
abbreviation for general purpose stored program electronic digital
computer.
A computer is a machine or device that performs processes, calculations
and operations based on instructions provided by a software or hardware
program. It is designed to execute applications and provides a variety of
solutions by combining integrated hardware and software components.
3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of computer?
ADVANTAGES
Speed of work. More work can be done at a faster rate.
Communicate globally quickly.
Accuracy. Programs can make sure work is more accurate than if done manually.
Connection to internet. Ability to research, ask questions
Date stored. Data can be saved and manipulated and retrieved in vast amounts
and at a very rate.
Natural resources saved. By using computers it vastly reduces our use of paper.
Reduces work load. Information can be accessed by more than one person with
the need for work to be duplicated.
DISADVANTAGES
Thinking ability. Stops us from thinking about solving problems.
Computers break down. When they don't work it stops companies and people
working.
Addiction. Playing games or social networks can lead to an addiction.
Conversation. People are spending less time communicating with the people
face to face.
Lack of exercise. Children and adults spend too much time sat at a computer or
on a laptop.
Virus. Many viruses can cause computers to stop working and lose valuable data
because of them.
Scams, People around the world trying to get money from you.
Harmful to the environment. Computer equipment needs to be deposed of
properly.
Lack of work for people. Computers have reduced the need for people to do the
same job as a computer can do the job of several people.
4. What are the applications of computer in different fields?

OFFICE AUTOMATION
- it is the process of automating office tasks using computers. Many types of tasks
are performed in an office. These tasks include:
1. Decision-making
2. Data manipulation
3. Document handling
4. Communication and storage
Many computer technologies used to perform these activities in an office easily.
Some computerized systems used in an offices are follows:
1. Document Management system (DMS)
- it consists of different applications like word processing, desktop
publishing reprographic, image processing and archival storage applications.
Word Processing: is used to create documents electronically. It is used to
produce high-quality letters, proposals, reports and brochures etc.
Desktop Publishing: is used to make these documents attractive with photos
and graphics etc. it is used to publish the documents.
Spreadsheet Application: is used to maintain records and calculate expenses,
profits and losses. It is also used to perform mathematical, statistical and logical
processing.
Reprographic: is a process of reproducing multiple copies of a document.
Image processing: is used to scan and store an image in computer. It can also
modify and improve the quality of images.
2. Message Handling System

- it is used to send messages or documents from one location to another.
Many techniques are used for this purpose such as facsimile (fax), email and
voice mail etc.
3. Office Support System

- it is used to coordinate and manage the activities of a workgroup. The
members of a workgroup can share their work and coordinate with one another.
Groupware and desktop organizers are examples of this system.
Banking Financial Company:
- computers are used in bank for electronic money transfer, voucher, ledger, bank
sheet, etc. different systems are used in Financial Company such as ATM
(Automatic Teller Machine), EFTS (Electronic Fund Transfer System) etc. which
is computer based systems for customer services provided by banks.
Education
- computer is a very effective tools which can be used for teaching and learning,
result processing, student data processing, questions preparation, handouts and
note preparations, etc. and also online education. Many universities provide
online education through internet. The learning materials are packed in CD-ROM
with interactive multimedia. The CAL (Computer Aided Learning), CAI (Computer
Aided Instruction), multiple choice examination paper, result processing are done
through internet.
Industries
- Industrial research, budgeting, process control, all are computer based. The
robotics is also computer based. Nowadays robots are used in complicates
industrial process which is dangerous for human. CAD (Computer Aided Design)
is used in manufacture sector to design, model of electrical, electronics,
mechanical models of machines and it is more popular among architect
engineers also. CAM (Computer Aided Manufacture) and CADMPT (Computer
Aided Design, Process, Manufacture and Testing) are also more popular terms in
industries.
Entertainments
- Different types of entertainment fields such as multimedia, film making with
animation graphics, audio and visual design are done with the help of computer.
Hospital
- The research in health is done with the help of computer. It is applied to
medicine, surgery and research. The multimedia kits for surgeon are also
available to learn surgery on virtual patients. The concept of expert system is
also introduced in computer system which is a computer program designed to
operate at the level of expert in particular field.
Data Processing
- All the types of data processing like as word, data, salary, income tax, database
processing etc. are processed through computer.
Science and Engineering
- For every branch of engineering, computer is considered as a strong look like
civil, electrical and computer to aeronautic, ceramics, chemical and leather
technology the study of electric circuit, motherboard, building models, machine
designs and models are taught very effectively through computers.
Advertisement
- Computers are used in the different fields of advertisement such as business
advertisement, film advertisement, education advertisement etc.
Communication
- Email, e-fax, internet etc. are computer based communications. The computer
and internet integration in the backbone of recent communication.
Library
- Computer software is used for management of library. It is used for keeping the
records of book, updating book records and records of books issued or
submitted. The computerized system enables to know whether a given book is
issued or not.
Weather Forecasting
- Computer programs are used for weather forecasting. The past and the present
data help to predict the climate. Nowadays, it is used for research in the field of
metrology
Hotel management
- Computers are used for front desk management, preparing trial balance sheet,
documentation etc. in hotel management.
References:
ONLINE
https://tip.edu.ph/Information_Technology_QC_Branch
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/4607/computer
https://www.easypacelearning.com/computers/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-computers/1367-
advantages-disadvantages-of-computers
https://www.kullabs.com/classes/subjects/units/lessons/notes/note-detail/956
https://www.tharunpkarun.com/press/edu/applications-of-computers-in-various-fields/
BOOKS
A Barners and Noble Outline: Introduction to Computer Science by Vladimir Zwass
Dreamland`s Illustrated: Computer Encyclopedia

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1. What is Information Technology?

It is any form of technology, any equipment or technique, used by people

2. Define computer at least two definitions.

3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of computer?

4. What are the applications of computer in different fields?

2. Message Handling System

3. Office Support System

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