Implementation of a MQTT Protocol for IoT based Industrial Automation 2020-21

INTRODUCTION
Internet of Things (IoT) devices and apps are providing consumers with improved access
to and control of their digital life. Common examples include residential smart systems like
thermostats, appliances and garage door openers—each of which can be viewed and operated via
a mobile device.Naturally, those operating commercial facilities and industrial manufacturing
sites would like to experience some of the same IoT benefits as personal consumers. There is a
lot of useful data at these locations and these site operators could benefit from remote visibility
into equipment status and alarms. Industry users are already familiar with traditional automation
products which could offer some level of connectivity, but these products could be costly and
difficult to design, implement and maintain.

In recent years, a collection of hardware, software and methods termed as the Industrial
IoT (IIoT) has improved upon this situation. Industrial end-users will find it is now simpler and
less expensive to establish remote connectivity using the IIoT by taking advantage of basic and
workable solutions to make valuable information widely available.

The Key to Communications

Traditional industrial automation platforms have included specialized and robust programmable
logic controllers (PLCs) and human-machine interfaces (HMIs) connected using various
networking and fieldbus communication methods. Larger combinations of PLCs and HMIs may
be called supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. These elements were
designed to deliver around-the-clock reliability and on-site visibility, but easy and secure
integration and communication were much less of a consideration.

The situation has improved, first as industrial wired Ethernet media and protocols became
practical for industrial use, and next as Wi-Fi gained sufficient performance to work well for
industrial applications.

Today, many industrial protocols have matured or been developed over the past few years to
work well for on-site automation system communications such as EtherNet/IP, Modbus TCP and
OPC UA. However, these have been less well suited to deliver a good IIoT experience for IT,
cloud and mobile networking systems.

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Implementation of a MQTT Protocol for IoT based Industrial Automation 2020-21

MQTT-Enabled IoT Architectures

Conventional automation products and protocols typically require a rigorous configuration and
hierarchy to move data from a field sensor, to a field controller, to a site network, to a PC data
server and then to the cloud. The resulting multi-layered architecture means these types of
implementations can be complicated and expensive to create and manage.

To economically make industrial data available for all types of remote and mobile end-user
access, a newer protocol and methodology was needed to meet the goals listed below, some of
which may appear to be at odds with traditional computer networking requirements:

 Suitable for small data payload sizes

 Messaging model adapted for communications only on change
 Data managed by simple “topics”
 Means of handling connection status
 Flexibility for adding connections
 Security provisions

The protocol which has risen to prominence for addressing these issues is MQTT, which
provides many features to meet the needs of IoT users by compressing the architecture into just
three roles.

 Publisher (device that creates data)

 Broker (Server)
 Subscriber (device that uses data)

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Implementation of a MQTT Protocol for IoT based Industrial Automation 2020-21

Industrial-Friendly MQTT Features

Industrial automation devices which include MQTT capability are the latest answer for
efficiently, economically and securely integrating commercial and industrial automation with the
cloud using IIoT principles. These may be field devices which simply publish data, or more
complex devices like PLCs which need to publish and subscribe to data.While the network
traffic associated with typical business computing is relatively large, this differs for industrial
data packets which are most often small, and may change frequently or be very intermittent.
MQTT is suitable for these types of small data payloads and consumes little communication
message overhead; it is optimized to communicate (and use bandwidth) only as needed.

Most traditional industrial protocols follow a “poll and response” structure, where users must
carefully arrange the source and destination, and also assign a polling rate which executes
whether data is changing or not.MQTT has improved the situation with a “publish and
subscribe” or “pub/sub” model. For pub/sub, data producers publish data to a broker as the data
becomes available. Subscribers notify the broker of what data they want, and the broker sends
updated data to existing subscribers when it changes, or the latest available data to new
subscribers.

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Implementation of a MQTT Protocol for IoT based Industrial Automation 2020-21

PROBLEM STATEMENT
Increased numbers of installed IoT devices and morecomplex building management
algorithms make vital a secure, reliable, and cloud-based IoT platform, offering provisions
fordevices to communicate and react to predefined situations. Thisplatform facilitates data
acquisition, management, andinteractions among IoT devices in order to exchange
informationincluding measurement data and control signals with controllersvia a two-way
communication mechanism. In the proposed project anattempt is made to implementMessage
Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol which is the state-of-the-art Internet of Things
(IoT)protocol, has been adopted in this work to incorporatecommunications between the devices
and the controller

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Implementation of a MQTT Protocol for IoT based Industrial Automation 2020-21

LITERATURE SURVEY

[1] IoT Home Gateway for Auto-Configuration and Management of MQTT Devices.

Seong-Min Kim, Hoan-Suk Choi, Woo-Seop Rhee Department of Multimedia Engineering Hanbat
National University, 305-719 Daejeon, Korea

IoT service in home domain needs common andeffective ways to manage various appliances and
devices. So, thehome environment needs a gateway that provides dynamicaldevice registration
and discovery. In this paper, we propose theIoT Home Gateway that supports abstracted device
data toremove heterogeneity, device discovery by DPWS, Autoconfigurationfor constrained
devices such as Arduino. Also, theIoT Home Gateway provides lightweight information
deliveryusing MQTT protocol. In addition, we show implementationresults that access and
control the device according to the homeenergy saving scenario.

[2] Design and Implementation of a Cloud-basedIoT Platform for Data Acquisition and
DeviceSupply Management in Smart Buildings.

PouyaJamborsalamati, Edstan Fernandez, M. J. Hossain, F. H. M. Rafi School of Engineering,

Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW-2109, Australia

Increased numbers of installed IoT devices and morecomplex building management algorithms
make vital a secure,reliable, and cloud-based IoT platform, offering provisions fordevices to
communicate and react to predefined situations. Thisplatform facilitates data acquisition,
management, andinteractions among IoT devices in order to exchange informationincluding
measurement data and control signals with controllersvia a two-way communication mechanism.
In this paper, an IoTplatform to implement a device-supply management algorithm ina smart
building, aiming to supply higher-priority devices fromsolar power and to maximize solar-power
utilization, has beendesigned and implemented. Message Queue Telemetry Transport(MQTT),
which is the state-of-the-art Internet of Things (IoT)protocol, has been adopted in this work to
incorporatecommunications between the devices and the controller. MQTTpublisher and
subscriber are deployed in the Pythonprogramming language. A cloud-based data aggregation
platformhas been used with an interface to MATLAB, in which the devicemanagement

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Implementation of a MQTT Protocol for IoT based Industrial Automation 2020-21

algorithm runs. From the results, it could beobserved that the IoT platform successfully achieves
the goals ofthe designed device-supply management algorithm.

[3] Comparison with HTTP and MQTT on Required Network Resources for IoT

Tetsuya Yokotani Department of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineering, College of

Engineering Kanazawa Institute of Technology Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan

HTTP has been widely applied for data transfer.However, in networks for IoT, this protocol
causes a largeoverhead. To solve this problem, named based transfer protocolshave been
discussed. This paper compares the performance ofHTTP with that of MQTT, a type of named
based transferprotocol. Additionally, the paper proposes enhancements toMQTT for better
performance.

[4] The Use of MQTT in M2M and IoTSystems: A Survey

BISWAJEEBAN MISHRA AND ATTILA KERTESZ Department of Software Engineering, University of

Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary Corresponding author: Biswajeeban Mishra ([email protected])

Nowadays billions of smart devices or things are present in Internet of Things

(IoT)environments, such as homes, hospitals, factories, and vehicles, all around the world. As a
result, the numberof interconnected devices is continuously and rapidly growing. These devices
communicate with each otherand with other services using various communication protocols for
the transportation of sensor or event data.These protocols enable applications to collect, store,
process, describe, and analyze data to solve a variety ofproblems. IoT also aims to provide
secure, bi-directional communication between interconnected devices,such as sensors, actuators,
microcontrollers or smart appliances, and corresponding cloud services. In thispaper we analyze
the growth of M2M protocol research (MQTT, AMQP, and CoAP) over the past 20 years,and
show how the growth in MQTT research stands out from the rest. We also gather relevant
applicationareas of MQTT, as the most widespread M2M/IoT protocol, by performing a detailed
literature search inmajor digital research archives. Our quantitative evaluation presents some of
the important MQTT-relatedstudies published in the past _ve years, which we compare to
discuss the main features, advantages, andlimitations of the MQTT protocol. We also propose a
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Implementation of a MQTT Protocol for IoT based Industrial Automation 2020-21

taxonomy to compare the properties and features ofvarious MQTT implementations, i.e. brokers
and libraries currently available in the public domain to helpresearchers and end-users to
ef_ciently choose a broker or client library based on their requirements. Finally,we discuss the
relevant _ndings of our comparison and highlight open issues that need further research
andattention.

OBJECTIVES
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Implementation of a MQTT Protocol for IoT based Industrial Automation 2020-21

 To implement MQTT protocol to monitor the status of loads being used in the industry

and take proper action based on predefined constraints.

 To establish two way communications among the devices so that measurement data and

control signals could be exchanged.

 An IoT device management function for authenticating, identifying and communicating

with IoT devices via MQTT

 A Rule Engine for controlling data to/from the IoT management function and the

database

 A database for storing all IoT data

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Implementation of a MQTT Protocol for IoT based Industrial Automation 2020-21

METHODOLOGY
MQTT is a simple messaging protocol, designed for constrained devices with low-bandwidth.
So, it’s the perfect solution for Internet of Things applications. MQTT allows you to send
commands to control outputs, read and publish data from sensor nodes and much more.
Therefore, it makes it really easy to establish a communication between multiple devices.

In MQTT there are a few basic concepts that you need to understand:

 Publish/Subscribe
 Messages
 Topics
 Broker

MQTT – Publish/Subscribe
The first concept is the publish and subscribe system. In a publish and subscribe system, a device
can publish a message on a topic, or it can be subscribed to a particular topic to receive messages

 For example Device 1 publishes on a topic.

 Device 2 is subscribed to the same topic as device 1 is publishing in.
 So, device 2 receives the message.

MQTT – Messages
Messages are the information that you want to exchange between your devices. Whether it’s a
command or data.

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Implementation of a MQTT Protocol for IoT based Industrial Automation 2020-21

MQTT – Topics
Another important concept are the topics. Topics are the way you register interest for incoming
messages or how you specify where you want to publish the message.Topics are represented
with strings separated by a forward slash. Each forward slash indicates a topic level. Here’s an
example on how you would create a topic for a lamp in your home office

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MQTT – Broker

At last, you also need to be aware of the term broker.

The broker is primarily responsible for receiving all messages, filtering the messages, decide who

is interested in them and then publishing the message to all subscribed clients.

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EXPECTED OUT COME

The proposed prototype includes various things such as loads, sensors, development
modules connected over a network, the proposed protocol (MQTT) should monitor the status of
each load and must allow user to control the actuators from control signals.

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References
[1] IoT Home Gateway for Auto-Configuration and Management of MQTT Devices.

Seong-Min Kim, Hoan-Suk Choi, Woo-Seop Rhee Department of Multimedia Engineering

Hanbat National University, 305-719 Daejeon, Korea

[2] Design and Implementation of a Cloud-based IoT Platform for Data Acquisition and Device
Supply Management in Smart Buildings.

PouyaJamborsalamati, Edstan Fernandez, M. J. Hossain, F. H. M. Rafi School of Engineering,

Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW-2109, Australia

[3] Comparison with HTTP and MQTT on Required Network Resources for IoT

Tetsuya Yokotani Department of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineering,

College of Engineering Kanazawa Institute of Technology Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan

[4] The Use of MQTT in M2M and IoT Systems: A Survey

BISWAJEEBAN MISHRA AND ATTILA KERTESZ Department of Software Engineering,

University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary Corresponding author: Biswajeeban Mishra
([email protected])

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