Physics Micro Project

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, NANDED
MICRO PROJECT
Academic Year: 2021-2022
TITLE OF THE PROJECT
STUDY OF ERRORS
Program: - CIVIL ENGINERRING

Program code: CE1 I A Course: BASIC PHYSICS
Course Code: 22102
Name of Guide: Dr. G.M. Dak
Page | 1
MAHARASHTRA STATE
BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Certificate
This is to certify that Mr./Ms. …………………………………… Roll No.
……………………Of 1st Semester of Diploma in CIVIL ENGINEERING OF INSTITUTE,
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, NANDED has completed the Micro Project satisfactorily
in Subject- Basic Physics(22102) for the academic year 2021-2022 as prescribed in the
curriculum.
Place: Nanded
Date: /0 /2021 Exam Seat No.: ……………….
Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

Dr.G.M.Dak Mr. S.R. Mudholkar DR.G.V.GARJE
Page | 2
ANEEXURE II
Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project
Academic Year: 2021 - 22. Name of the Faculty: Dr.G.M. Dak
Course: Basic Physics Course Code: 22102 Semester: I
Title of the Project: - STUDY OF ERRORS.
Cos address by Micro Project:
A: Formulate grammatically correct sentences.
B: Give presentation by using audio visual aids.
C: communication skillfully.
D: write reports using correct guidelines.
Major learning outcomes achieved by the students by doing the project.
(A) Practical outcome:

1) Deliver presentation (seminar) effective.
(B) Unit outcomes in Cognitive domain.

1) Prepare the points for computer presentation.
2) Make seminar presentation.
Outcomes in affective domain:

(C)
1) Function as team member.
2) Follow Ethics.
3) Make proper use of computer and Internet.
Comment /suggestions about team work/leadership/inter-personal communication (if any)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Roll No. Student Name Marks out of 6 for Marks out of 4 for Total out
performance in group performance in of 10
activity oral/presentation
(D5 Col.8) (D5 Col.9)
128 ABDUL QUADAR A.S.
129 ADKINE P. A.
130 ANKAMWAR N.B.
131 ANKAMWAR O.M.
132 BAYANWAR K.K.
(Signature of Faculty)
………………………
Page | 3
WEEKLY PROGRESS REPORT
TITLE OF THE MICRO PROJECT:-

“PREPARE A CHART OF TENSES PRESENT WITH THEIR
CONTEXTUAL USE.”
WEEK ACTIVITY PERFORMED SIGN OF DATE

GUIDE
1st Discussion and finalization of Topic 02-12-2021
ND
2 Discussion and finalization of Topic 03-12-2021
RD
3 Preparation and submission of Abstract 06-12-2021
TH
4 Literature Review 07-12-2021
TH
5 Collection of Date 08-12-2021
TH
TH
TH
TH
9 Discussion and Outline of Content 12-12-2021
TH
10 Formulation of Content 13-12-2021
TH st
11 Editing and 1 proof Reading of Content 14-12-2021
TH nd
12 Editing and 2 Reading of Content 15-12-2021
TH
13 Compilation of Report and Presentation 19-12-2021
TH
14 Seminar 20-12-2021
TH
15 Viva-voce 25-12-2021
TH
16 Final submission of Micro project 31-12-2021
Sign of the Students Sign of the Faculty
Roll No128. - ABDUL QUADAR A.S. ………………
Roll No. 129 - ADKINE P. A.
Roll No. 130 - ANKAMWAR N.B.
Roll No.131- ANKAMWAR O.M.
Roll No.132 - BAYANWAR K.K.
Page | 4
Content
Sr. Chapter/Title Page

No. No.
1 Micro-Project Title 1
2 Certificate 2
3 Annexure Ii 3
4 Weekly Progress Report 4
5 Content 5
6 Acknowledgement 6
7 Introduction Of Errors 7
8 Introduction Of Errors 8
9 System Error And Instrumental Error 9
10 Random Error 10
11 Rules For Significant Figures 11
12 List of Instruments 12
Page | 5
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our special thanks of
gratitude to our project guide DR.G.M.DAK sir as
well as our principal Dr.G.V.Garje Sir who gave us
the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project
of Study of Error, so we are really thankful to them.
Page | 6
INTRODUCTION OF ERRORS
They are everywhere around us, even the whole
universe is made up as it looks like by only
number of errors.
Technical - A measure of the estimated
difference the observed or calculated value of
quantity and its true value.
The word error entails different meanings and
usages relative to how it is conceptually applied.
The concrete meaning of Latin word error is
wandering or straying. An error or mistake can
sometimes be dispelled through knowledge.
The error in measurement can be broadly

classified as 1) Systematic Errors
2) Random error
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SYSTEMATIC ERRORS
The systematic errors are those that tend to be in
one direction, either positive or negative, some
of the sources of error are:
1) Instrumental error is a type of error that
occurs when an instrument's calibration is
inaccurate. For example, an erroneous zeroing of
an instrument can cause this type of error. Personal
error refers to faults introduced as a result of the
observer's fault, such as carelessness in taking
observatio
ns, and so
on But
these observations could be
affected by instrumental
errors and, to make matters
more complicated, these prediction models are also prone to errors
because they are not exact solutions to the set of differential equations
that describe atmospheric motion
Two types of systematic error can occur with instruments having a linear
response:
1. Offset or zero setting error in which the instrument does not read
zero when the quantity to be measured is zero.
2. Multiplier or scale factor error in which the instrument consistently
reads changes in the quantity to be measured greater or less than the
actual changes.
Page | 8
2) Random error: - Random errors in experimental
measurements are caused by unknown and unpredictable
changes in the experiment. These changes may occur in the
measuring instruments or in the environmental conditions.
Examples of causes of random errors are:
 electronic noise in the circuit of an electrical
instrument,
 Irregular changes in the heat loss rate from a
solar collector due to changes in the wind.
Random errors often have a Gaussian normal
distribution. In such cases statistical methods may be used to
analyze the data. The mean m of a number of measurements of
the same quantity is the best estimate of that quantity, and the
standard deviation s of the measurements shows the accuracy of
the estimate. The standard error of the estimate m is s/sort (n),
where n is the number of measurements.
The Gaussian normal distribution. m = mean of measurements. s
= standard deviation of measurements. 68% of the
measurements lie in the interval m - s < x < m + s; 95% lie
within m - 2s < x < m + 2s; and 99.7% lie within m - 3s < x < m
+ 3s.
The precision of a measurement is how close a number of
measurements of the same quantity agree with each other. The
precision is limited by the random errors. It may usually be
determined by repeating the measurements
Page | 9
RULES FOR SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
All the non-zero digits are significant figures
1. All the zero between non zero digit are digit are significant figures
2. If the number is less than, the zeros on the right of decimal point but to the left
of non-zero digit are not significant figures.0.0028 Underlined zero are not
significant figures
3. The terminal, number without a decimal point are not significant figure
(123m.12300cm=123000mm) has 3 significant Figures trailing zero are not
significant
4. The trailing zero in number with a decimal point are significant 3.500 or
0.06900 have four significant figure.
5. The number should be generally reported in scientific notation (i.e. power of
10) 4.700m = 4.700x102 cm=4.700x103mm = 4.700x10-3 km
Power of 10 is irrelevant to determine significant figures. However, the base
number in the significant notation is significant thus there are 4 significant figures.
Sr.no. Value Number of significant
Figures
1 11.080 5
2 0.0196 3
3 200.0109 7
4 0.0005300 4
5 1.6 x10-19 2
Page | 10
LIST of INSTRUMENTS
We can use certain in Instruments to reduce error in measurement
Calliper Micro meter screw gauge Digital Depth gauge
Height gauge LCR meter Tape
These are some quality Instrument
Page | 11

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GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, NANDED

Academic Year: 2021-2022

TITLE OF THE PROJECT

Program: - CIVIL ENGINERRING

Name of Guide: Dr. G.M. Dak

This is to certify that Mr./Ms. …………………………………… Roll No.

……………………Of 1st Semester of Diploma in CIVIL ENGINEERING OF INSTITUTE,

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, NANDED has completed the Micro Project satisfactorily

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

Major learning outcomes achieved by the students by doing the project.

(A) Practical outcome:

(B) Unit outcomes in Cognitive domain.

2) Make seminar presentation.

Outcomes in affective domain:

TITLE OF THE MICRO PROJECT:-

WEEK ACTIVITY PERFORMED SIGN OF DATE

Roll No. 130 - ANKAMWAR N.B.

Roll No.131- ANKAMWAR O.M.

Roll No.132 - BAYANWAR K.K.

Sr. Chapter/Title Page

The error in measurement can be broadly

Calliper Micro meter screw gauge Digital Depth gauge

Height gauge LCR meter Tape

These are some quality Instrument

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