Effects of Openings in Shear Wall on Seismic

Response of Structures
Sharmin Reza Chowdhury Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering
Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Dhaka-1208, Bangladesh
M.A. Rahman, M.J.Islam Students, Department of Civil Engineering, Ahsanullah
University of Science and Technology, Dhaka-1208, Bangladesh
A.K.Das Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Ahsanullah University of
Science and Technology, Dhaka-1208, Bangladesh
Abstract from paper by Sandeep
1. Displacements are almost equal but as soon as story level increases, displacements are
increasing for buildings of shear wall with opening for door. At topmost story level,
displacement for shear wall with opening at middle is little bit less than that of shear
wall with openings placed at left or right.
2. More the area of opening more the displacements conceded by the building and this
trend increases with story level.
3. Thickening wall around the door openings are more effective than that of window
opening since displacement is reduced more at top most story level for shear wall with
door opening.
4. Opening in shear wall placed in plane of loading is more critical than that of opening in
shear wall placed out of plane of loading since there is a significant change in
displacement noticed after having opening in shear wall placed in plane of loading.

Future Scope
Shear wall with different opening sizes and locations considering coupling beam actions
may be considered for future research. Also nonlinear dynamic analysis is required to
make comprehensive comments.
Effect of Shear Wall Area on Seismic Behaviour of Multistoried Building with
Soft Storey at Ground Floor
 In this chapter we will discuss the different studies which were performed in past in
regards to the seismic analysis of multistoried buildings with different shear wall ratios.
 An analytical study is performed to evaluate the effect of Shear Wall Area to floor area
ratio (SWA/FA ) on the seismic behavior of multistoried RC structures with soft storey
at ground floor. For this purpose, 9 building models that have Five, Nine and Twelve
stories with various SWA/FA in both directions are generated. Then, the behavior of
these building models under earthquake loading is examined by carrying out Response
Spectrum Analysis and Linear Static Analysis using structural analysis software Etabs.
 In case of response spectrum analysis it is observed that base shear values are
increasing with increase in SWA / FA % for all the models.
 It is observed that from Response spectrum that the storey drift decreases with
increase in SWA/FA %.
 It was observed that as the height increases the displacements are also increases, but
by increasing the SWA / FA % the displacements values decreases.
 SCOPE FOR FURTHER STUDY : Studies can be conducted on high rise buildings
(Multistoried) by providing more thickness of shear walls, providing shear wall at
various other locations and also by providing dual system, which consists of shear wall
(or braced frame) and moment resisting frame. The study can also be done on Sloping
grounds, various damping mechanisms and its applications on structures, and also by
conducting the structures having base isolation system.

REFERENCES
[1] Gulkan and Utkutug (2003), “The relationship between roof drift and shear wall ratio by taking
into account the shear wall aspect ratio”.
[2] Sharany Haque, khan Mahmud Amanat: Seismic Vulnerability of Columns of RC frame Buildings
with Soft ground Storey.

[3] Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures: by Pankaj Agarwal and Manish Shrikhande.
 Dynamic analysis of G + 20 multi storied building by using shear walls in
various locations for different seismic zones by using Etabs
Shaik Akhil Ahamad, K.V. Pratap

In this study three cases are considered for analysis:

Case A: Conventional frame i.e., Building without shear wall
Case B: Building with shear wall at one end
Case C: Building with shear walls at four ends.
Firstly, the structure is analyzed in terms of Base shear, Displacements, Drifts and Torsional
irregularities by changing stiffness of the structure along its height in different seismic zones
of India by performing dynamic analysis.
Secondly, to locate the positioning of the shear wall, so that it can effectively resist lateral
loads.
Thirdly, to compare the behavior of multi storied building with and without shear walls and
the results obtained from the analysis for each seismic zone.
Conclusions:
 It has been concluded that shear walls are most effective when they are located at
edges of the building and the storey drift and displacement are found to be maximum
at zone V.
 It is proved that when shear walls are located in the contrary positions of the building,
then the displacement will be minimum.
 Case C will show better results in terms of all the seismic parameters when compared
with the structures without shear wall (i.e., Case A) and with shear wall at one end
(i.e., Case B).
 SEISMIC BEHAVIOR OF STEEL PLATE REINFORCED CONCRETE SHEAR
WALLS

The steel plate reinforced concrete shear wall (SPRCW) is modern type of lateral force resisting
structural member used in steel-concrete composite structures in high-rise buildings,(in earthquake-
prone regions). This kind of walls is formed by inserting both steel plate and steel sections into the
ordinary RC shear walls. The test was conducted through the cyclic loading scheme on a series of
models . The primary parameters vary in thickness of the steel plate, aspect ratio of the wall, and
thickness of the SPRCW. In order to determine the influence and importance of different detailing on
integrity between the steel plate and concrete component under service load, such details as lateral ties
and welding studs on the steel plate.
 Effective Positioning of Shear Wall in G+5 Storey Building on
Sloping Ground

ABSTRACT
1. In this we deal with the study of a G+5 story rigid framed concrete structure that rests on an 18.5-
degree slope.

2. The major task is to find out the optimum location of the shear walls in the frames.

3. The study concludes that when the shear walls are applied toward the upward slope side, it works
effectively.

4. When shear walls were placed on EE* location a huge difference has been seen between the story
shear of the first and second story which can induce the diagonal shear failure on the shortcolumn
side. That’s why the second nearest location to upward side will be considered as the optimum
location of the shear wall which is DD* location. Therefore the second near location to the upward
slope (DD*) is most effective in resisting story shear.
 Behavior of R.C. Shear Wall with Staggered Openings under Seismic Loads

 In this paper, an effort is made to apply the finite element analysis in exploring the behavior of
shear wall with openings under seismic loads
 This study is carried out on a seven story frame shear wall building, using linear elastic analysis,
with the help of finite element software ETABS, using Response Spectrum method. The
comparative results showed that the time period, displacement, base shear and stress
distribution around the openings depend on the arrangement of openings
 With the same amount of reinforcement and layout, the walls with staggered openings
developed a ductile failure, whereas the ones with regular openings developed a brittle failure;
and the shear walls with staggered openings are more rigid and needed less reinforcement.
 It was concluded that the stiffness of walls is dependent on the size of the openings and not on
their horizontal locations
 The base shear is found to be much lesser for shear wall with staggered openings when
compared to shear wall with vertical openings, in both the directions. As the base shear is
reduced, the shear wall with staggered openings will be less susceptible to damage
 This study reveals that the time period, displacement, drift, base shear, stress distribution and
the overall seismic response of the structure is affected by the location of openings in shear wall.
The analysis led to the following conclusions. Staggered openings in shear wall proved to be
highly advantageous and they were found to provide better lateral resistance than shear walls
with vertical openings.
 The shear wall with staggered openings is more rigid and seems to develop a ductile behavior,
whereas the shear wall with vertical openings seems to develop a brittle behaviour

BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH IN EMERGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLUME-2, ISSUE-3,
MARCH-2015

Behavior of R.C. Shear Wall with Staggered Openings under Seismic Loads
Aarthi Harini T1 and G. Senthil Kumar2
SEISMIC BEHAVIOUR OF HIGH RISE BUILDING WITH COMPOSITE SHEAR
WALL: AN OVERVIEW
Anjana R K Unnithan, Dr. S Karthiyaiani, Design and Analysis Of High Rise Building With Steel
Plate Shear Wall, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8,
Issue 4, April 2017, pp. 1012-1025, Article ID: IJCIET_08_04_115

The analysis and design carried out by Anjana R K Unnithan and Dr. S Karthiyaiani was for
steel plate shear wall (SPSW) in G+ 9 storey building in seismic zone III.
The model selected is with Shear wall located at core and centrally at the four sides. ETABS
is used for the study. Displacement, storey drift, storey shear, overturning moment is
analyzed for 8,16,24,32,40,48,56,64,72,80 mm thick steel plate shear wall. From the results
obtained its understood that displacement decreases with increase in thickness. . Storey
overturning moment decrease with increase in thickness. Storey drift varies differently with
thickness..
.
With the increase in eccentricity, the building shows non-uniform movement of right and left
edges of roof due to torsion and induces excessive moment and forces in member
EFFECT OF SHEAR WALL CONFIGURATION OF SEISMIC
PERFORMANCE OF BUILDINGS
One of the most commonly used lateral load resisting systems in buildings is shear wall
system. It is well-established fact that shear walls are quite effective in seismic load
resistance of medium-rise to high-rise reinforced concrete buildings. Shear walls have very
high in-plane stiffness and strength, which can be used simultaneously to resist large
horizontal loads and support gravity loads, making them quite beneficial in seismic
performance of buildings.In the present study main focus is to determine the effect of shear
wall configuration on seismic performance of building with different number of stories and
various configuration with same plan. The top storey displacement have been and compared
to each other for all model to meet the effect of shear wall configuration on seismic
performance of buildings. The main objective of the research work presented in this paper is
to study the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete shear wall buildings with respect to shear
wall configurations. Four buildings with same plan and different number of stories
(10, 15, 20, and 25) have been modeled considering six various shear wall configuration.The
criteria for structural performance of shear wall can be represented by the deformation
demand inherent in the structure. The displacement demand of buildings can be obtained
when these structures are submitted to real action of earthquake.

CONCLUSION

The study on the dynamic response of building with various shear wall configuration and
their influence on seismic behavior of building is carried out and the top storey drift for those
configurations are obtained. From the study, the following conclusions have been made.

1. Different position of shear walls can reduce the top story drift at least twice, which means
the drift of building is reduced 100 percent from highest value to lowest one.

2. Maximum drift limitation of 0.004 as per IS code is satisfied for all height of the building
using ELCENTRO earthquake, whereas the above limitation is not satisfied by TABAS
earthquake.

3. For configuration sixth, the maximum drift limitation is satisfied by both ELCENTRO and
TABAS earthquakes, this shows that, the location of shear walls plays major role for the
limitation of drift.

4. The quantity of shear walls cannot guarantee the seismic behavior of buildings, which
means, if you provide more shear walls, it will not guarantee the better seismic behavior of
buildings.
Study on Effectiveness of Shear Wall on Different Building Aspect Ratio
The main goal of this research is to find out up to which base dimension the effectiveness of
shear wall is maintained. The present study is an attempt to understand the effectiveness of
shear wall on different aspect ratio of building (H B/LB). Three different aspect ratio of
building (R= HB/LB i.e. 1,2,3) has been taken. The effectiveness has been checked up to G+30
storey building with every five incremental storey. To avoid torsional behaviour, symmetrical
building with rectangular type of shear wall at the center of face of the building on both
directions building was taken. The shear wall dimensions were restricted by shear wall aspect
ratio (Hw/Lw).The response spectrum analysis of building without shear wall and with shear
wall was carried out using ETABS® software. At the end, building response parameter
Displacement was compared.
Bibliography
JETIR volume 3 issue 5, March 2016, Study on Effectiveness of Shear Wall on Different
Building Aspect Ratio by Nehal A. Bhavsar, Noopur A. Shah and Satyen D. Ramani.
A Comparative Study on Shear Wall Concept in Accordance to its
Seismic Behavior

Abstract
Proper understanding of the Seismic performance of different types of shear walls is
necessary for structural engineers so as to safeguard the structure against lateral loads. The
present paper describes the comparison of the seismic performance of high rise buildings
and optimizing the thickness of RCC shear wall, Steel Plate Shear Wall (SPSW) and composite
shear wall for (G+20) stories. The design and analysis of the  building with RCC shear wall,
steel plate shear wall and composite shear wall is carried out using software ETABS. Effect of
varying thickness of shear panels and comparison of the results of story drift and story shear
is presented.

Conclusion
1. The base shear slightly reduces when thickness for RCC shear panel and steel plate is
decreased.
 2.The least base shear is experienced by the RCC shear walled structure and the highest
base shear is experienced by the Steel plate shear walled structure
3. The thickness of the RCC panel and steel plates are not influ-encing the storey drift for
the basement of the structures.
Seismic Behaviour of Buildings with Shear Wall
• Its analysis based on software result was being comparison between top storeys of
building discuss about display displacement top storey.
• The object of this study is to model and analyse shear wall-frame structures having
different thickness and location of wall in the structure and we will also discuss
effect of soft storey and opening in shear wall.
• Various concrete frame models with and without shear, opening in shear wall and
discontinuity of shear wall have been studied. The carried out study has shown that
shear walls are able to decrease lateral top displacement of each modelled building
and the harmful impacts during earthquakes.