Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 94 views

    Distillation Column & Internal Design

    Uploaded by

    Vaishnavi Samant
    The document discusses the design of a distillation column, including manual calculations for column design, internal design, and solving associated problems. It covers topics like determining the number of stages, calculating column diameter and height, designing column internals like plates, and factors like weeping, pressure drop, entrainment, and hole pitch.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Distillation Column & Internal Design

    Uploaded by

    Vaishnavi Samant
    94 views18 pages
    The document discusses the design of a distillation column, including manual calculations for column design, internal design, and solving associated problems. It covers topics like determining the number of stages, calculating column diameter and height, designing column internals like plates, and factors like weeping, pressure drop, entrainment, and hole pitch.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses the design of a distillation column, including manual calculations for column design, internal design, and solving associated problems. It covers topics like determining the number of stages, calculating column diameter and height, designing column internals like plates, and factors like weeping, pressure drop, entrainment, and hole pitch.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    94 views18 pages

    Distillation Column & Internal Design

    Uploaded by

    Vaishnavi Samant
    The document discusses the design of a distillation column, including manual calculations for column design, internal design, and solving associated problems. It covers topics like determining the number of stages, calculating column diameter and height, designing column internals like plates, and factors like weeping, pressure drop, entrainment, and hole pitch.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 18

    Distillation Column &

    Internal Design
    • Presented by : Siddhant Dhuri
    • Roll No : 1460007
    INDEX
    1) Introduction
    2) Distillation Column Design (manual calculation)
    3) Distillation Column Internal Design (manual
    calculation)
    4) Results of Simulation Software
    5) Solving Problem Associated with Distillation Column.
    Process Description
    Vapor flows up the column and liquid counter-currently
    down the column.
    Part of the condensate from the condenser is returned to
    the top of the column to provide liquid flow above the
    feed point (reflux), and part of the liquid from the base of
    the column is vaporized in the reboiler and returned to
    provide the vapor flow.
    In the section below the feed, the more volatile
    components are stripped from the liquid and this is
    known as the stripping section. In stripping section liquid
    is stripped off more volatile component by rising vapor.
    Above the feed, the concentration of the more volatile
    components is increased and this is called the
    enrichment, or more commonly, the rectifying section. In
    rectification section the vapor is washed to remove the
    less volatile component with the liquid returned to the
    column from top.
    Steps to Design Distillation Column
    1. Specify the degree of separation required: set product specifications.
    2. Select the operating conditions: batch or continuous; operating
    pressure.
    3. Select the type of contacting device: plates or packing.
    4. Determine the stage and reflux requirements: the number of
    equilibrium stages.
    5. Size the column: diameter, number of real stages.
    6. Design the column internals: plates, distributors, packing supports.
    7. Mechanical design: vessel and internal fittings.
    Acetone-Water Mixture
    Method to Design Distillation Column
    McCabe–Thiele diagram Feed - Condition
    Calculation of
    Number of Stages
    • Feed-line angle = 85.7 º
    • Rmin = 0.18421
    • Roptimum = 1.5 x Rmin = 0.276
    • Y-intercept of rectification line = 0.7
    • No. of Theoretical Stages required
    =6
    • Efficiency of one stage = 60%
    • Actual No. of Stages = 9
    Calculation of Column Diameter (manual)
    • The principal factor that determines the column diameter is the vapor
    flow rate.
    • The only required parameters is vapor and liquid loads.
    • Flooding Velocity is the velocity of vapor at which column starts
    flooding; i.e liquid carried by vapor up to the tray above and is again
    caused by high vapor flow rates.
    • Flooding velocities: Top section = 1.951 m/s; operating = 1.6583m/s
    : Bottom section = 4.648 m/s; operating = 3.951m/s
    • Column Diameter : Top section = 1.524 m ; Bottom section = 1.048 m
    Column diameter
    (Simulated Result)
    Koch-Glitsch's KG-
    TOWER®
    • Column Diameter = 1.4 m
    • The manually calculate
    value of size of
    • column diameter is 1.5 m.
    Hence, it is approximately
    same.
    • Therefore, the calculation
    for the distillation column
    is correct.
    Column Height
    • Column Height depends on tray spacing.
    • Tray spacing depends on column diameter.
    • Selected tray spacing for the column = 0.6 m
    • Top tray spacing is 1.5 times of normal tray spacing.
    • Feed plate spacing is 150 mm + normal tray spacing.
    • Bottom tray spacing is 3 times of normal tray spacing.
    • Therefore, Column Height = 8 m.
    Column Internals Design & Solving Problem
    Associate with Distillation Column
    Plate Design &
    Weeping
    • Weep point is the lower limit of the operating
    range of vapor flow rate when liquid leakage
    through the plate holes become excessive.
    • Weep point = Uh = 10.692 m/s.
    • From graph G3; Weir Length = 1.216 m
    • Trial values;
    • Weir height = 40 mm
    • Hole diameter = 3 mm
    • Plate Thickness = 3 mm
    • Actual Minimum Vapor Velocity = 12.78 m/s
    Total Pressure
    Drop
    • Dry Plate Pressure Drop =
    21.86 mm liquid.
    • Residual head = 13.106 mm
    liquid.
    • Total Pressure Drop = 95.356
    mm liquid
    • (From Graph G5)
    Entrainment &
    Residence Time
    • Residence time = 6.68 sec > 3 sec,
    so its satisfactory
    • The fractional entrainment ψ (kg/kg
    gross liquid flow) = 0.052.
    • Ψ is well below 0.1, so its
    satisfactory.
    • (Graph G6)
    Hole Pitch

    • Lp/Dh = 2.78 (Graph G8)


    • Lp = Hole Pitch = 8.5 mm
    • Equilateral Triangular
    arrangement
    Liquid Flow Arrangement
    • Two type of liquid flow
    arrangement: a) cross flow and
    b) counter flow.

    • Cross flow is widely used


    because of higher residence time
    and more mass transfer
    (Graph G9)
    Plate Data Sheet
    • Plate Type = Sieve plate
    • Plate Diameter = 1.5 m
    • Weir Length = 1.216 m
    • Weir Height = 40 mm
    • Hole Diameter = 3 mm
    • Plate Thickness = 3 mm
    • Hole Pitch = 8.5 mm
    • Number of Holes = 21,638
    Thank You

    You might also like