Module in Teaching Common Competencies in Industrial Arts
Module in Teaching Common Competencies in Industrial Arts
Module in Teaching Common Competencies in Industrial Arts
CORE VALUES
DETERMINATION = determined to develop an institution that strive to achieve excellence
MOTIVATION = every individual in the academe is full of enthusiasm to pursue the objectives for the
betterment of the institution.
COOPERATION = working hand in hand and be sensitive with the needs of its stakeholders for the
betterment of the college.
CARING = emphatic to the welfare of every individual not only within the institution but with the
constituents in the locality.
LEARNING = we aspire of learning on the highest standard.
RESPECT = mutual respect should be afforded to every individual in the institution
COMMITMENT = we must be strongly committed to provide an academe that is conducive for
teaching and learning.
GRADING SYSTEM:
Module/Portfolio/activities 50%
Laboratory 30%
Exam 20%
100%
Inside this module you will find the activities for you to complete and relevant information sheets
for each learning outcome. Each learning outcome may have more than one learning activity.
In this module, you will learn more about entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurial competencies.
You will have a first-hand experience in educational activities leading to assessment of your personal
entrepreneurial competencies (PECs) and the entrepreneurial competencies of a successful
technician within your province. You will also have several activities that will align your competencies
with those of successful practitioners. Moreover, this module will encourage you to think about
entrepreneurship and its role in the business community as well as in the economic and social
development of an individual.
This module consists of seven (7) Learning Outcomes (LO’s) that contains learning activities
for both knowledge and skills supported with information sheets, job/operation sheets and self-check.
Before attempting to perform the manual exercises, see to it that you have already read and
understood the information/operation sheet and answered correctly the self-check provided in every
Learning Activities.
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
To start with this module, let us first understand entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship.
Entrepreneurs are those with the skills and capabilities to see and evaluate business
opportunities. They are individuals who can strategically identify products or services needed by the
community, and have the capacity to deliver them at the right time and at the right place.
Entrepreneurs are agents of economic change; they organize, manage, and assume risks of a
business. Some of the good qualities of entrepreneurs are: opportunity-seeker, risk-taker, goal-setter,
excellent planner, confident problem-solver, hardworking, persistent and committed.
Entrepreneurship, on the other hand, is not just a simple business activity but a strategic
process of innovation and new product creation. Basically, entrepreneurship is both an art and
science of converting business ideas into marketable products or services to improve the quality of
living.
Now that you have background knowledge about entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship, you
can now walk through in assessing your PECs. Always remember that successful entrepreneurs
continuously develop and improve their PECs.
Now try to take the first challenge in this module, the pre-assessment.
Pre - assessment
As part of your initial activity, try to assess your prior knowledge and experience related to
personal entrepreneurial competencies. Answer Task 1.
A B
A. Explain why entrepreneurial activities are important to social development and economy
progress.
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B. What entrepreneurial activities related to your specialization do you know and are capable of
doing?
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C. If you were given the opportunity to own a business that relates to your field of specialization,
do you think you will be confident to manage it? Explain your answer.
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D. What do you think are the most important competencies one must possess in order to be
successful in running a chosen business?
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E. Name successful entrepreneurs from your province whose businesses are related to field of
specialization. Make sure you will be able to share with the class the PECs that made them
successful.
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After all the guide questions are answered, share these with your classmates. You may
also compare your insights, personal knowledge, and relevant experiences on the topic to
make the sharing more exciting and engaging.
Directions: Answer the following guide questions. Share your answers with the class.
2. Are there other strategies or approaches where you can assess your PECs? Explain how
these strategies will become more useful in selecting a viable business venture.
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3. What are the desirable personal characteristics, attributes, lifestyles, skills, and traits of a
prospective entrepreneur? Why are these important?
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4. Why is there a need to assess one’s PECs in terms of characteristics, attributes, lifestyles,
skills, and traits before starting a particular business?
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5. What is the significance of evaluating PECs of a successful entrepreneur? What helpful
insights can you draw from this activity?
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How was your experience in answering the guide questions with your classmates? Were you
able to benefit from them? What were the insights you have realized?
This time you’re going to study the different topics that will enrich your knowledge of PECs.
Read all the important details about the succeeding topic carefully.
LEARNING OUTCOME # 2:
Assessment of Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs)
and Skills vis-à-vis a Practicing Entrepreneur in a Province
Entrepreneurial competencies refer to the important characteristics that should be possessed
by an individual in order to perform entrepreneurial functions effectively. In this module, you will learn
some of the most important characteristics, attributes, lifestyle, skills and traits of a successful
entrepreneur or an employee to be successful in a chosen career.
• Confident: Entrepreneurs have self-reliance in one’s ability and judgment. They exhibit
self-confidence to cope with the risks of operating their own business.
• Disciplined: Successful entrepreneurs always stick to the plan and fight the temptation
to do what is unimportant.
• Committed: Good entrepreneurs assume full responsibility over their business. They
give full commitment and solid dedication to make the business successful.
• Ability to accept change: Nothing is permanent but change. Change occurs frequently.
When you own a business, you should cope with and thrive on changes. Capitalize on
positive changes to make your business grow.
• Creative: An entrepreneur should be creative and innovative to stay in the business and
in order to have an edge over the other competitors.
• Has the initiative: An entrepreneur takes the initiative. You must put yourself in a
position where you are responsible for the failure or success of your business.
• Excellent planner: Planning involves strategic thinking and goal setting to achieve
objectives by carefully maximizing all the available resources. A good entrepreneur
develops and follows the steps in the plans diligently to realize goals. A good
entrepreneur knows that planning is an effective skill only when combined with action.
• Possesses people skills: This is a very important skill needed to be successful in any
kind of business. People skills refer to effective and efficient communication and
establishing good relationship to the people working in and out of your business. In day-
to-day business transactions, you need to deal with people. A well-developed
interpersonal skill can make a huge difference between success and failure of the
business.
• Sound decision maker: Successful entrepreneurs have the ability to think quickly and to
make wise decisions towards a pre-determined set of objectives. No one can
deny that the ability to make wise decisions is an important skill that an entrepreneur
should possess. Sound decisions should be based on given facts and information and
lead towards the pre-determined objectives.
To firm up what you have learned and have a better appreciation of the different
entrepreneurial competencies, read the PECs checklist below, then answer the same.
Directions: Using the PECs checklist, assess yourself by putting a check ( ) mark in either
strengths or development areas column. Interpret the results by counting the total number of
check marks in each of the columns. After accomplishing the checklist, form a group and share
your insights on the result of the personal assessment.
Hardworking
- Works diligently
Confident
- Self-reliance in one’s ability
Disciplined
- Always stick to the plan
Committed
- Solid dedication
Creative
- Innovative to have edge over other
competitors
Profit-oriented
- Always looking for an opportunity to
have/earn income
Excellent planner
- Strategic thinking and setting of goals
TOTAL
How was your experience in discovering the strengths and the areas you need to develop?
Did you gain a valuable experience in exchanging insights with your classmates? To learn more and
deepen your understanding of PECs, do task 5 below.
Task 5: Interview
1. What preparations did you make before you engaged in this type of business or job?
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2. What special skills and characteristics do you have that are related with your business or job?
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3. How did you solve business-related problems during the early years of your business
operation?
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4. Did you follow the tips from a successful businessman or practitioner before you engaged in
your business?
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5. What best business practices can you share with aspiring entrepreneurs?
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6. What do you think are the salient characteristics, attributes, lifestyle, skills and traits that made
you successful in your business or job?
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Directions: Gather the needed information from the interview to supply answer/s to row 1 in the
table below, after which, fill out the second row with your PECs.
Personal
Entrepreneurial Characteristics Attributes Lifestyles Skills Traits
Competencies
Successful
Entrepreneur in
the province
My PECs
Using the information on the table above, analyze and reflect on the similarities and differences in
your answers. Write your conclusion on the space provided.
Personal
Entrepreneurial Similarities Differences
Competencies
Characteristics
Attributes
Lifestyles
Skills
Traits
Conclusion:
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After performing the activities on the importance of PECs, let’s determine how much you have
learned. Perform task 6 to determine how well you have understood the lesson.
Directions: From the information generated from task 5 (Interview), prepare an action plan that
indicates alignment of your PECs to the PECs of a successful entrepreneur in in your province.
To align my Characteristics
PECs with
the PECs of
a successful
entrepreneur
Skills
Attribute
Traits
1. Why is there a need to compare and align one’s PECs with the PECs of a successful
entrepreneur?
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2. How does your action plan help sustain your strong PECs and/or address your development
areas?
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3. What plan of action will you utilize to address your development areas?
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LEARNING OUTCOME # 3:
ENVIRONMENT AND MARKET (EM)
Aspiring entrepreneur need to explore the economic, cultural, and social conditions prevailing
in an area. Needs and wants of the people in a certain area that are not met may be considered
business opportunities. Identifying the needs of the community, its resources, available raw
materials, skills, and appropriate technology can help a new entrepreneur seize business
opportunities.
To be successful in any kind of business venture, potential entrepreneurs should look closely
at the environment and market. They should always be watchful of existing opportunities and
constraints, and to take calculated risks. The opportunities in the business environment are factors
that provide possibilities for a business to expand and make more profit. Constraints, on the other
hand, are factors that limit business growth, hence reduce the chance of generating profit. One of the
best ways to evaluate opportunities and constraints is to conduct a Strengths, Weaknesses,
Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) Analysis.
SWOT Analysis is a managerial tool used to assess the environment. It is used to gather
important information which is then used in strategic planning. Strengths and weaknesses are
internal in an organization. They relate to resources owned by an organization that you have control
over and also the extent of its marketing.
Opportunities and threats exist in the external environment. Opportunities relate to the market,
new technologies, and the external factors such as government policies, climate, and trends. Threats
replace what the competitors are doing. It also includes legal and other constraints.
Now that you have read some important considerations to explore to be successful in any
business, you are now ready to explore more about the environment and market.
8. It is creating names, symbol, or designs that identifies and differentiates a product from the
other products.
A. product naming C. branding
B. unique selling proposition D. tagline
9. It is a meaningful and unforgettable statement that captures the essence of the brand.
A. product naming C. branding
B. unique selling proposition D. tagline
10. These are things that people cannot live without.
A. wants C. requirements
B. desires D. needs
1. How does one determine the product or services to be produced and/or to be provided to the
target customers?
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5. How can one effectively respond to the needs of the target customer?
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6. From the viewpoint of business owner, discuss the importance of scanning the environment
and market in generating business ideas.
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7. Using self-assessment, explain the level of your confidence in formulating a business idea.
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After all the guide questions are answered and skills have been mastered, share
insights/ideas with your classmates. Discuss your insights, personal knowledge, and relevant
experiences on the topic to make it more exciting and engaging.
LEARNING OUTCOME # 4:
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
When we talk of product development, we are referring to a process of making a new product
to be sold by a business or enterprise to its customers. Product development may involve
modification of an existing product or its presentation, or formulation of an entirely new product that
satisfies a newly-defined customer’s needs, wants and/or a market place.
The term development in this module refers collectively to the entire process of identifying a
market opportunity, creating a product to appeal to the identified market, and testing, modifying, and
refining the product until it becomes ready for production.
There are basic, yet vital questions that you can ask yourself about product development.
When you find acceptable answers to them, you may now say that you are ready to develop a
product and/or render services.
Concept development is a critical phase in the development of a product. In this stage, the
needs of the target market are identified, and competitive products are reviewed before the product
specifications are defined. The product concept is selected along with an economic analysis to come
up with an outline of how a product is being developed. Figure 3 shows the stages of concept
development of a product.
Plan
Remaining
Analyze Development
Perform
Competitive Project
Economic
Products
Analysis
Figure 3: Stages of Concept Development
1. Identify customer needs: Using survey forms, interviews, researches, focus group
discussions, and observations, an entrepreneur can easily identify customers’ needs and wants.
In this stage, the information that can be possibly gathered are product specifications
(performance, taste, size, color, shape, life span of the product, etc.). This stage is very
important because it would determine the product to be produced or provided.
4. Generate product concepts: After having gone through with the previous processes, you may
now develop a number of product concepts to illustrate the types of products or services that
are technically feasible and will best meet the requirements of the target specifications.
5. Select a product concept: Through the process of evaluation between attributes, a final
concept is selected. After the final selection, additional market research can be applied to obtain
feedback from certain key customers.
6. Refine product specifications: In this stage, product or services specifications are refined on
the basis of input from the foregoing activities. Final specifications are the result of extensive
study, expected service life, projected selling price among others are being considered in this
stage.
8. Plan the remaining development project: In this final stage of concept development, you can
prepare a detailed development plan which includes list of activities, necessary resources and
expenses, and development schedule with milestones for tracking progress.
Finding Value
People buy for a reason. There should be something in your product or service that would give
consumers a good reason to go back and buy more. There must be something that will make you the
best option for target customers; otherwise, they have no reason to buy what you are selling. This
implies further, that you offer something to your customers that will make them value your product or
service.
The value you incorporate in your product is called value proposition. Value proposition is a
believable collection of the most persuasive reasons why people should notice you and take the
action you’re asking for. It is what gets people moving, what makes people spend for your product or
service.
Innovation
• Use empathy: Put yourself in the shoes of your customers. Always focus on the
needs of the target customers and forget falling in love with your own product or
service. Always remember, you are making/providing this product not
for yourself but for the target customers to eventually increase sales and earn
profit. Essential question such as what could make them come back and ignore
competition, should be asked to oneself. Most possible answers may be focused
on quality, availability, convenience, cleanliness, and reliability of the product or
service.
• Identify customer’s desires. It is very important for you to understand and find
out what drives and motivates your customers to buy your product or service.
Make some effort to find out, analyze and utilize the information that motivates the
customers in their decision to purchase the product or service.
Task 3: Interview
Directions: Select a successful entrepreneur or practitioner. Conduct an interview using
the set of questions below. Document the interview and present it to the class.
4. Did you consult somebody before you engaged in this business? Cite / give sample insights
that you gained from the consultation.
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5. What were your preparations before you started the actual business?
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6. What creative and innovative techniques did you adapt in the development of your product or
service? What was the effect of the innovative techniques to the sales and profits of your
business?
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7. What strategy did you consider to create a unique selling proposition to your product or
service?
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Directions: To deepen your understanding of the lesson, perform the following tasks:
2. Prepare a short narrative report about these topics and discuss it to the class. You can
highlight the aspect that intensifies your knowledge of product development.
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Directions: Develop your own concept of your product or service by using the figures on this page.
Use bullets in every stage of product conceptualization in listing important key ideas.
1 . Identify Costumer’s
Need
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Concept
Concept
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LEARNING OUTCOME # 5:
GENERATING IDEAS FOR BUSINESS
The process of developing and generating a business idea is not a simple process. Some
people come up with a bunch of business ideas that are not really feasible. There are two problems
that arise; first is the excessive generation of ideas that can forever remain as a dreaming stage and
the second is when they don’t have ideas and don’t want to become entrepreneurs.
The most optimal way is to have a systematic approach in generating and selecting a
business idea that can be transformed into a real business. Here are some basic yet very important
considerations that can be used to generate possible ideas for business:
1. Examine existing goods and services. Are you satisfied with the product? What do other
people who use the product say about it? How can it be improved? There are many ways of
improving a product from the way it is made to the way it is packed and sold. You can also
improve the materials used in crafting the product. In addition, you can introduce new ways of
using the product, making it more useful and adaptable to the customers’ many needs. When
you are improving the product or enhancing it, you are doing an innovation. You can also do an
invention by introducing an entirely new product to replace the old one.
Business ideas may also be generated by examining what goods and services are sold outside
the community. Very often, these products are sold in a form that can still be enhanced or
improved.
2. Examine the present and future needs. Look and listen to what the customers, institutions,
and communities are missing in terms of goods and services. Sometimes, these needs are
already obvious and identified right away. Other needs are not that obvious because they can
only be identified later on, in the event of certain development in the community. For example, a
province will have its electrification facility in the next six months. Only by that time will the
entrepreneur could think of electrically powered or generated business such as photo copying,
computer service, digital printing, etc.
3. Examine how the needs are being satisfied. Needs for the products and services are referred
to as market demand. To satisfy these needs is to supply the products and services that meet
the demands of the market. The term market refers to whoever will use or buy the products or
services, and these may be people or institutions such as other businesses, establishments,
organizations, or government agencies.
There is a very good business opportunity when there is absolutely no supply to a pressing
market demand.
Businesses or industries in the locality also have needs for goods and services. Their needs for
raw materials, maintenance, and other services such as selling and distribution are good sources
of ideas for business.
4. Examine the available resources. Observe what materials or skills are available in abundance
in your area. A business can be started out of available raw materials by selling them in raw form
and by processing and manufacturing them into finished products. For example, in a copra
producing town, there will be many coconut husks and shells available as
“waste” products. These can be collected and made into coco rags or doormats and charcoal
bricks and sold profitably outside the community.
A group of people in your neighborhood may have some special skills that can be harnessed for
business. For example, women in the Mountain Province possess loom weaving skills that have
been passed on from one generation to another. Some communities set up weaving businesses
to produce blankets, decorative, and various souvenir items for sale to tourists and lowlanders.
Business ideas can come from your own skills. The work and experience you may have in
agricultural arts, industrial arts, home economics, or ICT classes will provide you with business
opportunities to acquire the needed skills which will earn you extra income should you decide to
engage in income-generating activities. With your skills, you may also tinker around with various
things in your spare time. Many products are invented this way.
5. Read magazines, news articles, and other publications on new products and techniques or
advances in technology. You can pick up new business ideas from magazines such as
Newsweek, Reader’s Digest, Business Magazines, “Go Negosyo”, Know About Business (KAB)
materials, and Small-Industry Journal. The Internet also serves as a library where you may
browse and surf on possible businesses. It will also guide you on how to put the right product in
the right place, at the right price, and at the right time.
Once you have identified business opportunities, you will eventually see that there are many
possibilities available for you. It is very unlikely that you will have enough resources to pursue all of
them at once.
You have to select the most promising one among hundreds of ideas. It will be good to do
this in stages. In the first stage, you screen your ideas to narrow them down to about few choices.
In the next stage, trim down the choices to two options. In the final stage, choose between the two
and decide which business idea is worth pursuing.
In screening your ideas, examine each one in terms of the following guide questions:
Your answers to these questions will be helpful in screening which ones among your many
ideas are worth examining further and worth pursuing.
LEARNING OUTCOME # 6:
BRANDING
Branding is a marketing practice of creating a name, a symbol or design that identifies and
differentiates product or services from the rest. It is also a promise to your customers. It tells them
what they can expect from your product or service and it differentiates your offerings from other
competitors. Your brand is derived from who you are, who you want to be and what people perceive
you to be.
Branding is one of the most important aspects in any business. An effective brand strategy
gives you a major edge in increasingly competitive markets.
• Design a logo. Create a logo symbolic of your business and consistent with your tagline and
displace it strategically.
• Write a brand message. Select a key message to communicate about your brand.
• Practice consistency. Be reliable and consistent to what your brand means in your business .
In generating a business idea, you should first identify the type of business suited
to your business idea. You should analyze and scan the potential environment, study the
marketing practices and strategies of your competitors, analyze strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities, and threats in your environment to ensure that the products or services you
are planning to offer will be patronized and within easy reach of target consumers.
• Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of your business when conducting SWOT
Analysis.
• SWOT Analysis should distinguish between where your business is today, and where it can
be in the future.
• SWOT Analysis should always be specific. Avoid any gray areas.
• Keep your SWOT Analysis short and simple. Avoid complexity and over analysis.
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Strategies:
Analysis:
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Activities:
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To deepen your understanding of the topics previously discussed, you will be asked to perform
the following activities:
Reading books and watching videos have been considered as some of the most effective
educational activities that can help learners broaden their understanding on a certain topic. In this
particular task, you will be asked to conduct extra reading and video viewing on the Internet with the
following topics:
After successfully performing the assigned task, make a narrative report about it and share it
with the class.
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Logo
Tagline
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Vicinity Map
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LEARNING OUTCOME # 7:
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PROCEDURES
To complete the first step in any workplace risk assessment, you must identify the hazards in
your workplace. Every workplace has hazards and, although there will be a nominated person for
conducting formal risk assessments, it is still everyone’s responsibility to be mindful of hazards in the
workplace and minimize risk of harm.
Not all hazards are obvious and they will be unique to your workplace. This can make it difficult
to immediately identify and protect your employees from them. Therefore, we have created this guide
to help you understand the different categories of hazards and where they might be present.
The words ‘risk’ and ‘hazard’ are often used interchangeably. However, if you are responsible
for managing the health and safety in your workplace, it’s important that you understand the
difference between them. The rest of this article focuses on hazards, including where they might be
found in different workplaces. We also provide you with a range of further resources to make your risk
assessment process as smooth as possible.
Biological. Biological hazards include viruses, bacteria, insects, animals, etc., that can cause
adverse health impacts. For example, mold, blood and other bodily fluids, harmful plants,
sewage, dust and vermin.
Chemical. Chemical hazards are hazardous substances that can cause harm. These hazards
can result in both health and physical impacts, such as skin irritation, respiratory system
irritation, blindness, corrosion and explosions.
Physical. Physical hazards are environmental factors that can harm an employee without
necessarily touching them, including heights, noise, radiation and pressure.
Safety. These are hazards that create unsafe working conditions. For example, exposed wires
or a damaged carpet might result in a tripping hazard. These are sometimes included under
the category of physical hazards.
If you neglect your responsibility to protect your employees, you could face financial and/or
custodial penalties. Therefore, it’s vital that you properly manage all your workplace hazards. This
article should have helped you to identify and consider more obscure hazards, but it’s important that
you take further steps to protect you employees. For example, you should:
Carry out an appropriate risk assessment for the nature of the work and hazards.
Introduce appropriate control measures. Once you have completed your risk assessment,
you must introduce controls to reduce or eliminate the identified hazards. For example, you
may be able to avoid work at height completely when window cleaning by using extension
poles or, if those are inappropriate, you could reduce the risks by installing fall prevention
equipment.
Appropriately train all your employees in their duties. All employees should have
basic Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 Health and Safety Training or Office Safety Training, in
addition to training for any specific workplace hazards.
Workplace safety is an important part of any job and requires that everyone in the company
adhere to the safety guidelines and policies in place. Carefully following appropriate safety guidelines
can go a long way toward preventing workplace injuries. Here are some ways you can work to stay
safe on the job.
Be Aware
Always be alert to what’s happening in your surroundings; remember that your safety is your
responsibility. Understand the particular hazards related to your job or workplace, and keep clear of
potentially hazardous areas or situations. Be awake and attentive on the job, and be particularly
aware of machinery. Avoid going to work under the influence of alcohol or drugs, which can
compromise your concentration, coordination, judgment, motor control and alertness.
If you neglect your responsibility to protect your employees, you could face financial and/or
custodial penalties. Therefore, it’s vital that you properly manage all your workplace hazards. This
article should have helped you to identify and consider more obscure hazards, but it’s important that
you take further steps to protect you employees. For example, you should:
Carry out an appropriate risk assessment for the nature of the work and hazards.
Introduce appropriate control measures. Once you have completed your risk assessment,
you must introduce controls to reduce or eliminate the identified hazards. For example, you
may be able to avoid work at height completely when window cleaning by using extension
poles or, if those are inappropriate, you could reduce the risks by installing fall prevention
equipment.
Appropriately train all your employees in their duties. All employees should have
basic Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 Health and Safety Training or Office Safety Training, in
addition to training for any specific workplace hazards.
Any worker should be well aware of the different types of PPE available and required for his or
her work. It is vital that every employee be familiar with how to wear PPE properly.
There may also be some protective shields and barriers, protective clothing and respiratory
devices, which need to be carefully maintained and inspected to ensure that they are in good working
condition.
PPE Safety Training is thus an essential component of PPE in the workplace. It’s not enough
to have the PPE on hand. It has to be the right kind of PPE; has to be up to date; and employees
must be adequately trained in the proper use of their PPE.
Personal protective equipment, or PPE, protects its user against any physical harm or hazards
that the workplace environment may present. It is important because it exists as a preventative
measure for industries that are known to be more hazardous, like manufacturing and mining.
It’s important to know that safety equipment provided on the job should meet Personal
Protective Equipment Regulation, and that it is most effective when it meets the correct size, fit and
height of its user. You may be accustomed to finding yourself in precarious situations on the job, but
you should never feel like your physical being is likely to be harmed. Here are 4 reasons why it’s
important to use PPE in the workplace.
If you’re working with chemicals, it is imperative to wear full PPE from goggles to gloves.
Harmful and corrosive substances, particularly liquids, can be very dangerous if spilled or
leaking occurs; often resulting in splashes which can be life-altering when contact is made with
the skin or eyes. When working in an environment that aims to control harmful bacteria such
as a clinical lab or a hospital, PPE acts as a barrier between infectious materials that can
cause illness and damage to the skin. In these environments, protective clothing is vital.
Respiratory issues from breathing in smoke, gases or chemicals from contaminated air can be
toxic, so respirators are essential to protect your lungs from both long-term and short-term gas-
related illnesses. However, on oil and gas sites, it is important to be fully equipped with eye
protection, hearing protection and flame-resistant clothing. If working in oil and gas wells, this
can expose workers to hydrogen sulphide, which can cause irritation and difficulty breathing in
some asthmatics. One of the worst gases to inhale is crystalline silica; this is a known lung
carcinogen that can cause silicosis and in the worst cases, can be fatal.
It is imperative to keep workers safe and comfortable, even in uncomfortable and dangerous
situations. Protective suits and arc flash clothing are some great examples of how PPE can
keep you safe from extreme heat when welding or using electricals for example, as well as
extreme cold such as outdoor or underground maintenance work. Multiple layers of PPE are to
be worn for extreme temperature, including heat-resistant outerwear for hot environments or
thermal layers and wicking material to keep you warm in cold environments.
Prevents injury
Whether it’s falling rocks or slipping, make sure you’re protected with the right footwear and
head and body protection when you’re entering a hazardous area. Boots with good grip and a
helmet are examples of much needed essentials to protect yourself from falling and head
injuries while on the job; these injuries are some of the most common in the workplace, so be
sure to wear your protective clothing until you are no longer in a hazardous area, particularly in
more dangerous areas such as working underground, on building sites and in damp
environments.
Top tip: Make sure your PPE is cleaned and locked away securely when not in use to avoid
issues like cross-contamination or getting clothing mixed up at work, as each person requires
different sized PPE to fit appropriately.
Task 10: Making My Own Safety Guidelines for My Own Working Environment
Directions: Try to formulate your own safety guidelines for work with accordance to your own
specialization/field that will help you in the future to avoid risks and hazards. Make at least 10
guidelines.
1.______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________.
2.______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________.
3.______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________.
4.______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________.
5.______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________.
6.______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________.
7.______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________.
8.______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________.
9.______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________.
10._____________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________.
Task 11: Picturing Safety at Working Environment
Directions: Draw or Cut-out and paste pictures that depicts a worker working in a dangerous and
hazardous environment that is practicing safety practices to eliminate any possible hazards and risks
brought by the dangerous and hazardous workplace.
-End of This Module-