9

SCIENCE
Quarter 4:
Week 5

Department of Education - MIMAROPA Region

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9
SCIENCE
Quarter IV – Week 5
Heat, Work, and Energy

CONTEXTUALIZED LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PUERTO PRINCESA CITY
Science – Grade 9
Contextualized Learning Activity Sheets (CLAS)
Quarter IV - Week 5: Heat, Work, and Energy
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Schools Division of Puerto Princesa City

Development Team of the Contextualized Learning Activity Sheets

Writers: Rona Grace U. Fernandez and Jenelyn P. Rodriguez

Content Editors: Honeychrise T. Concepcion and Daniel C. Tabinga Jr.

Language Editors: Anna Marie C. Bontogon and Minnie Maisie S. Salanga

Proofreader: Minnie Maisie S. Salanga

Reviewers: Rolando A. Taha EdD, Melvin A. Marmol

Illustrator: Daniel C. Tabinga Jr.

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Management Team:
Servillano A. Arzaga, CESO V, SDS
Loida P. Adornado PhD, ASDS
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Carmencita B. Daculap, Meguilito D. Campillos,
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Division of Puerto Princesa City-Learning Resource Management Section (LRMS)

Sta. Monica Heights, Bgy. Sta. Monica, Puerto Princesa City
Telephone No.: (048) 434 9438
Email Address: [email protected]
 Lesson 1
Heat, Work, and Energy
MELC:
1. Construct a model to demonstrate that heat can do work S9FE-IVe-42
2. Explain how heat transfer and energy transformation make heat engine works
S9FE-IVg-45
Objectives:
1. Demonstrate that heat can be turned into work.
2. Infer that doing work can release heat.
3. Explain how heat transfers energy.

Let’s Try
Directions: Read the following statements carefully. Circle the letter of the correct answer.

1. What is the correct sequence of a four cycle – stroke of gasoline engine?

I. Compression III. Intake
II. Exhaust IV. Power

A. I,II,III,IV C. II,III,IV,I
B. I,IV,II,III D. III,I,IV,II

2. Why is heat engine not 100% efficient?

A. Because all mixture of gases is converted into work.
B. Because engine needs to be cooled down.
C. All of the gases are used up by the engine.
D. Some of the gases taken out by the piston.

3. What causes thermal pollution?

A. Degradation of water
B. Exhaust of different vehicles
C. Exhaust from different industrial engines
D. All of the above

4. Which of the following processes occur in compression stroke?

A. Filled in the cylinder
B. Ignited by the spark plug
C. Expelled out by the exhaust pipe
D. Compressed into fractional amount

5. In which stroke does the piston move upward?

A. Compression and intake C. Exhaust and intake
B. Compression and exhaust D. Exhaust and power

6. The internal energy of the system is initially 35 J. The system does 34 J of work.
What is the system’s final energy when a total of 46 J of energy is added to the
system by heat?
A. 26 J C. 37 J
B. 36 J D. 47 J
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 7. An ideal gas is compressed without allowing any heat to flow into or out of the gas.
What will happen to the temperature of the gas in this process?
A. The temperature increases since no heat flows during the process.
B. The temperature decreases since heat flows during the process.
C. The temperature remains the same since heat flows in and out on the process.
D. The temperature could not determine since heat is absorbed during the process.

8. Mang Fermin, a carpenter, is planing a piece of wood with his planer. After a few
minutes, he observed that it is hot. Is there an evidence of heat transfer?
A. There is no evidence.
B. Yes, hotness means there is an increase in the temperature.
C. Yes, hotness means there is decrease in the temperature.
D. No, hotness is not related to change in temperature.

9. How does water from the deep well move upward?

A. It occurs naturally.
B. It uses water heat pump.
C. It is a spontaneous process.
D. It flows from higher temperature to cooler temperature.

10. Which of the following statements describe the function of heat engine?
A. It converts chemical energy to mechanical energy.
B. It converts thermal energy to mechanical energy.
C. It converts mechanical energy to chemical energy.
D. It converts thermal energy to chemical energy.

Let’s Explore and Discover

Hello learners! You have learned in Grade 8 that when temperature increases, the
kinetic molecular energy of an object also increases. Heat flows generally from higher
temperature to lower temperature.

Let us have some fun by guessing the words below. Let’s play 4 pics 1 word.

1. 2. 3.

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

Can you guess the word for each item correctly?

If your answer in number 1 is HEAT, you are correct! Heat is the energy transferred
from one object to another due to their temperature difference.

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 If your answer in number 2 is WORK, you are correct! Work is the energy transferred
when an object is moved against force.
And in item number 3, if your answer is ENERGY, you are correct! Energy is the
capacity for doing work.

These words are not new to you because these were discussed from your previous
grade level. This lesson will explain to you the relationship of heat, work and energy.

FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with the relationships between
heat and other forms of energy. In particular, it describes how thermal energy is converted
to and from other forms of energy and how it affects matter.

(Source: “What is the First Law of Thermodynamics”, Live Science, Date Accessed April 7, 2021,
URL https://www.livescience.com/50881-first-law-thermodynamics.html)

You have also learned about the concept of the Law of Conservation of Energy that
states, “energy cannot be created nor destroyed.” The first law of thermodynamics is based
on this concept.

First law of thermodynamics states that the change in internal energy of a system
equals the difference between the heat taken in by the system and the work done by the
system. Internal energy of a substance is the sum of molecular kinetic energy, potential
energy and other kinds of molecular energy.

This law is expressed as:

U = Q – W
Where: Q = the amount of heat flowing into a system during a given process
W = the net work done by the system
U = the change in the system’s internal energy

Note that heat (Q) may flow in or out of the system, When heat flows to system Q is
positive (+), when heat flows from the system Q is negative. Same principle applies to the
work (W). When work is done by the system W is negative (-), when work is done on the
system W is positive (+). In the equation U = Q – W, the minus (-) W may change depends
on the condition of work. When work is done on the system, The Equation will be
U = Q + W
When heat flows in instance where the work done is negligible, the internal energy
of the hot substance decreases and the internal energy of the cold substance increases. The
word “heat” is used only when referring to the energy in transit from hot to cold.

Joule (J) is used as our SI unit for energy. The first law tells us that a system’s
internal energy can be changed by transferring energy by either work, heat, or a
combination of the two.

Sample Problem:
If 115 J of energy is added to a system with no external work has been done, how
much will the thermal energy of the system be raised?

Given: Q = 115 J Solution:

W=0J U = Q – W
= 115 J – 0 J
= 115 J
Find: U = ?

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(Source: Liza A. Alvarez et al., Science-Grade 9 Learner’s Module, Pasig City: Department of
Education: Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR), 2017, 304-305.)

SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

Heat flows normally from higher temperature to lower temperature. It is a natural

process and also called spontaneous process which does not require input of energy. On
the other hand, the reverse process is called non – spontaneous process where heat flows
from lower to higher temperature and needs mechanical means of energy. This is an
application of Second Law of Thermodynamics which states that “heat will never flow
naturally from a cold to a hot temperature object.” This applies the concept on how the
motor of a heat pump works.

For instance, preparing coffee early in the morning. This requires

proper handling because the cup of coffee is hot. Initially, the
coffee cup is cold, then it becomes hot when filled with hot boiling
water. This is because the heat from the hot water flows to the
cold cup. This is an example of natural or spontaneous process.

To reverse the process, mechanical energy should be applied so

that heat is transformed. Heat pump is a device that allows heat
to transfer from a cold reservoir to a warmer one, which cannot
happen spontaneously, or on its own. Work is required for the heat to flow from a lower to
higher temperature. This concept also applies in refrigeration and air conditioning cooling
cycle.

HEAT ENGINES

When doing work, transformation of heat is evident. Friction when work is done is
completely changed into heat. But how can heat be utilized? To make this possible, we
have to convert heat to mechanical work. This would happen by using heat engines.

Heat engine is a device that changes thermal energy into mechanical work. All
vehicles that are using fuels have heat engine to work. To understand more how heat
engines work, let’s study the four – cycle stroke of a gasoline engine.

The Four – Cycle Stroke of a Gasoline Engine

There are four – cycle stroke in a gasoline engine.

1. Intake stroke - the inlet valve opens, the piston moves down as the fuel – air mixture
fills in the cylinder.
2. Compression stroke - the piston moves up and compresses the mixture adiabatically,
since no heat transfer happens.
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 3. Power stroke - the spark plug ignites the mixture making its temperature high.
Adiabatic process tends to push the piston down. Adiabatic process is a process
without gain or loss of heat.
4. Exhaust stroke - burned gases are pushed out of the exhaust valve. The intake valve
once again open and the cycle repeats.

(Source: Liza A. Alvarez et al., Science-Grade 9 Learner’s Module, Pasig City: Department of
Education: Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR), 2017, 313-314.)
THERMAL EFFICIENCY

In the four cycle – stroke of a gasoline engine, you noticed in the exhaust stroke that
there are burned gases that comes out from the exhaust valve. This is because in reality,
there is no 100% efficient engine. There will be other losses that will reduce the efficiency.

How well a machine operates is the ratio of the useful work done to the heat provided
is the thermal efficiency.

Have you been to National Power Corporation (NAPOCOR)

beside PALECO in Bgy. San Jose or in Delta P Power Plant in
Bgy. Sta. Lourdes here in Puerto Princesa City? From the power
plant, you can observe that there is an emission of gases and
heat in the exhaust. These are indications that thermal
efficiency decreases.

Let’s Practice

Activity 1
Objective: The learners should be able to distinguish the process as spontaneous or non –
spontaneous.

Directions: Study the picture below. Write NATURAL if the process is spontaneous and
REVERSE if the process is non – spontaneous.

1. __________________ 2. ____________________ 3. ____________________

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 4. ____________________ 5. _____________________

Activity 2
Objective: The learners should be able to differentiate the applications of the Law of
Thermodynamics.

Directions: Given the following situations, tell whether it applies the first law of
thermodynamics or second law of thermodynamics. Draw  if applies the first
law and  if it applies the second law.

_____1. Food digestion _____6. Growing younger

_____2. Rusting of iron _____7. Plugging TV to watch a program
_____3. Photosynthesis _____8. Riding a bicycle
_____4. Using aircon during summer _____9. Generator
_____5. Simple motor _____10. Heat flows from lower to higher
temperature

Let’s Do More
ACTVITY 1
Objective: The learners should be able to calculate the change in internal energy.

Directions: Analyze and answer each word problem below. Write your computation inside
the box.

1. Jogging every day is good for the health. Assume that when you jog, a work of 200 J
is done by the system and 500 J of heat is given off. What is the change in internal
energy of your body?

2. If 10 J of heat is taken away from the system and the system does 5 J of work, what
is the change in internal energy of the system?

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 ACTIVITY 2

Let’s Heat Up the Engine!

(Adopted from Grade 9 Learner’s Module)

Objective: After the activity, the learners should be able to discuss the cycle stoke of
gasoline engine.

Procedure:
1. Study the illustration below.

The Four – Cycle Stroke of a Gasoline Engine

2. Complete the needed information in the table below.

Cycle Stroke Movement of the Piston What happened to the

(moves Upward or moves Down) mixture of gases?
(select your answer from
the table below, then
rewrite it on its
respective part)
Intake

Compression

Power

Exhaust

a. Ignited by the spark plug

b. Filled in the cylinder
c. Expelled out by the exhaust pipe
d. Compressed into fractional amount

Directions: Answer the following guide questions: Check the box that corresponds your
answer.

1. What happens to the gas if it is heated inside the engine cylinder?

□ the gas molecules compress □ the gas molecules expand

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 2. What is the function of spark plug? What is its effect to the mixture’s temperature?
□ it ignites the mixture and increases the temperature of the mixture
□ it ignites the mixture and decreases the temperature of the mixture

3. Can we consider heat engine 100% efficient? Why?

□ Yes, it is 100% used by the engine
□ No, some of the gases are exhausted/released into the environment

4. What do think is the effect of this exhaust gas to the environment?

Write your answer briefly. ________________________________________________________.

5. As a student, how can you help minimize the effects of thermal pollution? You may
check more than 1 answer.
□ information campaign about the effects of thermal pollution
□ use leaded gasoline instead of unleaded
□ ride bicycle/walk instead of riding fueled vehicle in short distance destination
□ join in tree planting activities like Pista Y ang Kagueban

Let’s Sum It Up
Directions: Using your knowledge learned from this module, complete the paragraph below.
Refer to the figure and decode each number to reveal the correct term that will
complete the statement. Write your answer on the space provided.

Example: and work are terms that describe how

energy is transferred from one system to another. They have
different (1.) that affect the system. The
First Law of Thermodynamics states that the change in (2.)

energy of a system is equal to the

difference between the heat taken in by the system and the
work done by the system. On the other hand, the Second Law
describes the extent of heat
(3.) . This mechanism results in the
transformation of work to heat and how heat is utilized to do
mechanical work, which is applied in heat
(4.) . The performance of a machine that
Reference Figure operates depends on the ratio of the useful work done to the
heat provided and is called (5.) efficiency.

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 Let’s Assess
Directions: Read carefully each statement and circle the letter of the correct answer.
1. The internal energy of the system is initially 35 J. The system does 34 J of work. What
is the system’s final energy when a total of 46 J of energy is added to the system by
heat?
A. 26 J B. 36 J C. 37 J D. 47 J

2. An ideal gas is compressed without allowing any heat to flow into or out of the gas.
What will happen to the temperature of the gas in this process?
A. The temperature increases since no heat flows during the process.
B. The temperature decreases since heat flows during the process.
C. The temperature remains the same since heat flows in and out on the process.
D. The temperature could not determine since heat is absorbed during the process.

3. Mang Fermin, a carpenter, is planing a piece of wood with his planer. After a few
minutes, he observed that it is hot. Is there an evidence of heat transfer?
A. There is no evidence.
B. Yes, hotness means there is an increase in the temperature.
C. Yes, hotness means there is decrease in the temperature.
D. No, hotness is not related to change in temperature.

4. How does water from the deep well move upward?

A. It occurs naturally.
B. It uses water heat pump.
C. It is a spontaneous process.
D. It flows from higher temperature to cooler temperature.

5. Which of the following statements describe the function of heat engine?

A. It converts chemical energy to mechanical energy.
B. It converts thermal energy to mechanical energy.
C. It converts mechanical energy to chemical energy.
D. It converts thermal energy to chemical energy.

6. What is the correct sequence of four cycle – stroke of gasoline engine?

1. Compression III. Intake
II. Exhaust IV. Power
A. I,II,III,IV B. I,IV,II,III C. II,III,IV,I D. III,I,IV,II

7. Why is heat engine not 100% efficient?

A. Because all mixture of gases is converted into work.
B. Because engine needs to be cooled down.
C. All of the gases are used up by the engine.
D. Some of the gases taken out by the piston.

8. What causes thermal pollution?

A. Exhaust of different vehicles C. Degradation of water
B. Exhaust from different industrial engines D. All of the above

9. Which of the following processes occur in compression stroke?

A. Filled in the cylinder C. Expelled out by the exhaust pipe
B. Ignited by the spark plug D. Compressed into fractional amount

10. In which stroke does the piston move upward?

A. Compression and intake C. Exhaust and intake
B. Compression and exhaust D. Exhaust and power
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 Answer Key
Let’s Try Let’s Practice Let’s Sum It Let’s Assess
1. D Activity 1: Up 1. D
2. D 1. Natural 4. Reverse 2. A
3. D 2. Natural 5. Natural 1. Properties 3. B
4. D 3. Reverse 2. Internal 4. B
5. B Activity 2: 3. Transfer 5. B
6. D 1. ♦ 6. ■ 6. D
4. Engine
7. A 2. ♦ 7. ■ 7. D
5. Thermal
8. B 3. ♦ 8. ♦ 8. D
9. B 4. ■ 9. ♦ 9. D
10. B 5. ■ 10. ■ 10. B

Let’s Do More
Activity 1:
1. Given: Q = -500 J Solution: U = Q - W
W = 200 J = -500 J – 200 J
Find: U = ? = -700 J
2. Given: Q = 10 J Solution: U = Q - W
W=5J = -10 J – 5 J
Find: U = ? = - 15 J
Activity 2:
Cycle Stroke Movement of the What happened to the mixture of
Piston gases?
Intake Moves down Filled in the cylinder
Compression Moves upward Compressed into fractional amount
Power Moves down Ignited by the spark plug
Exhaust Moves upward Expelled out by the exhaust pipe
Answer to Guide Questions:
1. the gas molecules expanded
2. it ignites the mixture and increases the temperature of the mixture
3. No, some of the gases are exhausted/released into the environment
4. This may contribute to thermal pollution. (possible answer)
5. - information campaign about the effects of thermal pollution
- riding bicycle/walking instead riding fueled vehicle in short distance destination
- join in tree planting activities like Pista Y ang Kagueban

References
Book
Alvarez, Liza A., Dave G. Angeles, Hernan L. Apurada, Ma. Pilar P. Carmona, Oliver A.
Lahorra, Judith F. Marcaida, Ma. Regaele A. Olarte, Estrella C. Osorio, Digna C.
Paningbatan, Marivic S. Rosales, and Ma. Teresa B. Delos Santos. Science Grade-9
Learners Module. Pasig City: Department of Education: Bureau of Learning
Resources (DepEd-BLR), 2017

Websites/ Electronic Sources:

Live Science, “What is the First Law of Thermodynamics”, Date Accessed April 7, 2021,
URL https://www.livescience.com/50881-first-law-thermodynamics.html
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FEEDBACK SLIP

A. FOR THE LEARNER

Thank you very much for using this CLAS. This learner’s
material is aimed at ensuring your worthwhile learning through
the help of your family members. For feedback purposes, kindly YES NO
answer the following questions:

1. Are you happy and contented with your learning

experiences using this CLAS?

2. Were you able to follow the processes and procedures

that were indicated in the different learning activities?

3. Were you guided by anybody from your family while

using this CLAS?

4. Was there any part of this CLAS that you found difficult?
If yes, please specify what it was and why.

B. FOR THE PARENTS / GUARDIANS

Do you have any suggestions or recommendations on how

we can make improvements to this CLAS to better serve the
learners?

Yes (Please indicate what this is/these are.)

None

Contact Number: __________________________________

For inquiries or comments, write or call:

Department of Education – MIMAROPA Region

Meralco Avenue, corner St. Paul Road, Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telephone No. (02) 863-14070
Email Address: [email protected]

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