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    Chain Indexing

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    Madhu Yadav
    Chain indexing is a technique for deriving subject headings from a document's class number in a classification scheme like the colon classification system. It involves (1) classifying the document and representing its class number as a chain of links, (2) interpreting each digit or group of digits in the class number to derive subject terms, and (3) constructing subject headings by combining relevant terms while ignoring false or unsought links. Subject headings are derived by starting from the last sought link in the class number chain and moving upward to add necessary upper links.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Chain Indexing

    Uploaded by

    Madhu Yadav
    478 views15 pages
    Chain indexing is a technique for deriving subject headings from a document's class number in a classification scheme like the colon classification system. It involves (1) classifying the document and representing its class number as a chain of links, (2) interpreting each digit or group of digits in the class number to derive subject terms, and (3) constructing subject headings by combining relevant terms while ignoring false or unsought links. Subject headings are derived by starting from the last sought link in the class number chain and moving upward to add necessary upper links.

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    Chain indexen of library science and technology University

    Original Title

    5_6318632525824524677

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    Chain indexing is a technique for deriving subject headings from a document's class number in a classification scheme like the colon classification system. It involves (1) classifying the document and representing its class number as a chain of links, (2) interpreting each digit or group of digits in the class number to derive subject terms, and (3) constructing subject headings by combining relevant terms while ignoring false or unsought links. Subject headings are derived by starting from the last sought link in the class number chain and moving upward to add necessary upper links.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    478 views15 pages

    Chain Indexing

    Uploaded by

    Madhu Yadav
    Chain indexing is a technique for deriving subject headings from a document's class number in a classification scheme like the colon classification system. It involves (1) classifying the document and representing its class number as a chain of links, (2) interpreting each digit or group of digits in the class number to derive subject terms, and (3) constructing subject headings by combining relevant terms while ignoring false or unsought links. Subject headings are derived by starting from the last sought link in the class number chain and moving upward to add necessary upper links.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 15

    Chain Indexing

    Dr. R. K. Bhatt
    Associate Professor
    Department of Library and Information Science
    University of Delhi, Delhi 110007.
    Chain Indexing
     Postulates and principles of colon classification system form
    the basis for the formation of subject headings in Chain
    Indexing.
     Though this indexing technique takes the class number of
    the document as the base for deriving subject headings,
    Ranganathan formulated a set of rules and procedures of
    Chain Procedure for Classified Catalogue Code with the
    object of deriving class index entries (i.e. subject index
    entries).
     Other classification schemes can be used for the same
    purpose also.
     Chain Procedure has also been used to derive specific
    subject entries and subject reference entries in a Dictionary
    Catalogue.

    [email protected] 2
    Formation of Subject Headings
    The formation of subject headings according to Chain
    Indexing consists of the following steps:

    1. Classification of the subject of the document;


    2. Representation of the Class Number in the Form
    of a Chain;
    3. Digit by Digit Interpretation of Class Number;
    4. Determination of Different Kinds of Links;
    5. Derivation of Subject Headings;
    6. Construction of Subject heading.

    [email protected] 3
    Classification of the Subject of the Document
     The Class Number of a document according to colon
    classification is obtained by the application of postulates of
    Basic Subject, Fundamental categories, Rounds and levels
    and Principles of Facet Sequence.
     This involves subject analysis of documents into their facet
    ideas and appropriating them to the Fundamental Categories
    of PMEST and fixing their sequence.
     The Eight steps in construction of Class Number as provided
    by Ranganathan are as follows:

    1. Raw Title (RT) (=Title as found in the document).

    2. Expressive Title (Title expressing each of the relevant basic


    and isolate ideas in the subject of the document, got by filling
    up all the ellipses in the Raw Title).

    [email protected] 4
    Contd…
    3. Kernel Terms (KT) (=full Title minus all the auxiliary
    or apparatus words and with each composite term
    denoting a composite idea replaced by the fundamental
    constituent terms denoting its fundamental constituent
    ideas).

    4. Analyzed title (=Kernel Title with each kernel terms


    marked by a symbol, denoting a composite idea
    replaced by the fundamental constituent terms
    denoting its fundamental constituent ideas).

    5. Transformed Title (=Analytical title with the kernel


    terms re-arranged according to the symbols of analysis
    attached to them).
    [email protected] 5
    Contd…
    6. Standardized Title (=Transformed Title with the
    kernel terms replaced, wherever necessary, by their
    respective equivalents as given in the appropriate
    schedules).

    7. Title in Facet Numbers (=title in Standard Terms


    with the kernel terms replaced by their equivalent
    numbers).

    8. Classification Number (got by removing the


    symbols of analysis and inserting the appropriate
    connecting symbols between the facet numbers in
    accordance with the rules.
    [email protected] 6
    Representation of the Class Number in the Form
    of a Chain
     Once the Class Number of the document is
    constructed, it is used by the subject cataloguer for
    the purpose of deriving subject headings. Therefore,
    there is no need for the subject cataloguer to
    determine independently the subject of a document
    once the class number is available to him/her.

     Class number is to be represented then in the form


    of a chain in which each link consists of two parts;
    class number and its verbal translation into standard
    terms used in the preferred classification scheme.
    [email protected] 7
    Digit by Digit Interpretation of Class Number

     Make sure first link from first digit.


     Make the second link out of two digits and so
    on, upto the last link which is to be made of
    all digits.
     Write the links one below the other in
    succession.
     Write against each link its translation into
    natural language.

    [email protected] 8
    Determination of Different Kinds of Links

    1. Sought Link (SL): a link in a chain


    representing a subject which is likely to
    be sought by the user. This link only will
    receive index entry.

    2. Unsought Link (UL): A link in a chain


    representing a subject on which reading
    material is not likely to be looked up y
    any user. This rule admits of local
    variation in its application. This link will
    not receive any index entry.
    [email protected] 9
    Contd…
    3. Missing Link (ML): A link in chain-with-gap
    corresponding to the missing isolate in the chain. Class
    number for a particular component idea may not be
    available in a preferred classification scheme and this
    will result in ML in a chain. In representing the class
    number in the form of a chain, every ML is to be
    inserted at the proper place by means of verbal extension
    whenever there is such a need.

    4. False Link (FL): A link, which does not represent a


    subject with definite name. For example, digit(s)
    representing connecting symbol or indicator digit, time
    and phase relation.
    [email protected] 10
    Derivation of Subject Headings

     Subject heading for the Specific subject Entry is to be


    derived from the last SL and moving upwards by
    taking the necessary and sufficient upper SL (s) in a
    reverse or backward rendering process.
     Subject heading for the subject reference is to be
    derived from each of the Upper SL terms.
     The process will continue until all the terms of upper
    SLs are exhausted or indexed. Each term constituting
    the specific Subject Heading and Subject References
    is to be separated by comma (,).

    [email protected] 11
    Construction of Subject Heading
     The specific subject entry or subject reference entry is to be
    constructed with minimum number of terms of upper links as are
    necessary and sufficient to make the subject heading meaningful and
    individualized.
     We shall illustrate the steps involved in the formation of subject
    headings by chain procedure as following example of Class Number
    from colon classification, edition 6.

    Example;
    234:7.44’N9,t A report on reference service in University
    libraries in India during 1990s
    The representation of this class number in the form of a chain would be as
    follows:
    2 = Library Science (Sought Link)
    234 = University Library (Sought Link)
    234: = (False Link)
    234:7 = (Reference Service in University Library (Sought Link)
    [email protected] 12
    Contd…
    234:7. = (False Link)
    234:7.4 Reference Service in University Library in Asia
    (Sought Link)
    234:7.44’ = (False Link)
    234:7.44’N = 20th Century (False Link)
    234:7.44’N9 = Reference service in University Library in
    India during 1990s (False Link)
    234:7.44’N9t = A report on Reference Service in University
    Library in India during 1990s (Sought Link)

    In the above example, according to Ranganathan’s


    modifications, the subject reference headings are to be
    derived for each of the SL of the whole class number
    starting from the last SL and ignoring different parts of the
    class number.
    [email protected] 13
    Contd…
     Subject headings are to be constructed with necessary and
    sufficient upper SL terms to make them meaningful and
    individualized. Applying this rule, we get the following
    subject reference headings for the above example:

    Report, India, Reference Service, University Library.


    India, Reference service, University Library.
    Reference Service, University Library.
    University Libraries.
    Library Science.

    Subject Reference Headings are to be linked to the specific


    subject heading by means of ‘see also” references.

    [email protected] 14
    THANKS

    [email protected] 15

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