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    Assignment 5: Volatile Oils: Volatile Oil Fixed Oil

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    Rosario Vicencio
    1. The document compares volatile oils and fixed oils, noting key differences such as volatile oils evaporating at room temperature while fixed oils do not. Volatile oils are extracted via distillation while fixed oils require specific extraction techniques. 2. A diagram shows the biosynthetic pathway for volatile oil formation starting with fatty acid (FA) synthesis in plastids and assembly of triacylglycerol molecules outside plastids. Key enzymes in the pathway determine oil chain length and saturation levels. 3. Definitions are provided for concrete (a hard building material), absolute (pure and not dependent on external conditions), resinoid (a resinous preparation made from an alcoholic drug extract), and pomade (a

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    Assignment 5: Volatile Oils: Volatile Oil Fixed Oil

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    Rosario Vicencio
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    1. The document compares volatile oils and fixed oils, noting key differences such as volatile oils evaporating at room temperature while fixed oils do not. Volatile oils are extracted via distillation while fixed oils require specific extraction techniques. 2. A diagram shows the biosynthetic pathway for volatile oil formation starting with fatty acid (FA) synthesis in plastids and assembly of triacylglycerol molecules outside plastids. Key enzymes in the pathway determine oil chain length and saturation levels. 3. Definitions are provided for concrete (a hard building material), absolute (pure and not dependent on external conditions), resinoid (a resinous preparation made from an alcoholic drug extract), and pomade (a

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    volatile oils

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    PCOG211 LEC_ASS_5

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    1. The document compares volatile oils and fixed oils, noting key differences such as volatile oils evaporating at room temperature while fixed oils do not. Volatile oils are extracted via distillation while fixed oils require specific extraction techniques. 2. A diagram shows the biosynthetic pathway for volatile oil formation starting with fatty acid (FA) synthesis in plastids and assembly of triacylglycerol molecules outside plastids. Key enzymes in the pathway determine oil chain length and saturation levels. 3. Definitions are provided for concrete (a hard building material), absolute (pure and not dependent on external conditions), resinoid (a resinous preparation made from an alcoholic drug extract), and pomade (a

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    74 views4 pages

    Assignment 5: Volatile Oils: Volatile Oil Fixed Oil

    Uploaded by

    Rosario Vicencio
    1. The document compares volatile oils and fixed oils, noting key differences such as volatile oils evaporating at room temperature while fixed oils do not. Volatile oils are extracted via distillation while fixed oils require specific extraction techniques. 2. A diagram shows the biosynthetic pathway for volatile oil formation starting with fatty acid (FA) synthesis in plastids and assembly of triacylglycerol molecules outside plastids. Key enzymes in the pathway determine oil chain length and saturation levels. 3. Definitions are provided for concrete (a hard building material), absolute (pure and not dependent on external conditions), resinoid (a resinous preparation made from an alcoholic drug extract), and pomade (a

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    of 4

    ASSIGNMENT 5: VOLATILE

    OILS
    1.By using a table, compare volatile oils with fixed oils. 

    VOLATILE OIL FIXED OIL


    Also called as an essential oil. Also called as natural non-volatile oil.
    Volatile oil can evaporate when placed Fixed oils do not evaporate at room
    under room temperature temperature
    They can be extracted easily by the They require some specific techniques for
    distillation process extraction.

    There is no spot (no permanent stain) left Some type of spot (permanent stain) left
    after evaporation after evaporation
    They are unable to undergo saponification Fixed oils can be easily sponified.
    Mixtures of cleoptenes & stearoptenes are Esters of higher fatty acids & glycerin are
    termed as volatile oils called as fixed oils.

    Posses high refractive index Posses low refractive index


    These are optically active. These are optically inactive.

    Their primary source is leaves,roots,in Their major source is seeds of the plant.
    petals and bark.

    2. By using a diagram, show the biosynthetic pathway in the formation of volatile


    oils. Explain the process. 

    FATB KASII Acety-Coa

    FAS ACCase

    FATB
    Mal-Coa

    FATA SAD

    Mal- ACP

    Acyl- Coa ER
    Pool

    B. FFA

    LACS PC POOL ER

    LPCAT

    18:1- COA 18:1-PC

    FAD2/ FAD3

    LPC

    PUFA-CoA PUFA-PC

    Fatty acid (FA) synthesis is localized to plastids (Figure 1a), whereas assembly of the
    TAG molecule occurs outside the plastid and may be associated with both the
    endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the oil body. In most seeds, carbon is delivered to FA
    synthesis via glycolysis with hexose and/or triose as the predominant carbohydrate
    entering the plastid. However, green seeds can also use light to supply NADPH and
    ATP, which allows a ‘bypass’ of glycolysis via ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase
    activity and pentose phosphate enzymes. This alternative pathway is more carbon
    efficient, resulting in 20% more acetyl-CoA available for oil synthesis, and also does not
    require reductant supply from the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. The plastid FA
    synthesis pathway determines the chain length (up to 18 carbons) and the level of
    saturated FAs in seed oils. The first committed enzyme in the pathway is acetyl-CoA
    carboxylase (ACCase). As in yeast, animals and bacteria, plant ACCase is highly
    regulated and is a key control point over the flux of carbon into FAs. In addition to
    control by phosphorylation, redox status and PII interactions, feedback on ACCase by
    18:1-ACP has recently been described. Assembly of FAs occurs on acyl carrier protein
    (ACP) via a cycle of 4 reactions that elongate the acyl chain by 2 carbons each cycle.
    After 7 cycles, the saturated 16 carbon acyl-ACP can either be hydrolyzed by the FATB
    acyl-ACP thioesterase or further elongated by KASII to 18:0-ACP, which is then
    desaturated to 18:1-ACP and hydrolyzed by the FATA thioesterase. The resulting 16:0
    and 18:1 free acids are the main products of plastid FA synthesis, and their relative
    proportions are determined by the activities of FATA, FATB, 18:0-ACP desaturase
    (SAD) and KASII. Transgenics and mutants have demonstrated that seed FA chain
    length and saturation can be altered by manipulation of any of these four enzymes.

    3. Define the following: 

    a. Concrete - structural material consisting of a hard, chemically inert particulate


    substance, known as aggregate (usually sand and gravel), that is bonded together by
    cement and water.

    b. Absolute - not mixed or adulterated; pure, something that is not dependent upon
    external conditions for existence or for its specific nature, size

    c. Resinoid - any of a class of resinous preparations made by pouring a concentrated


    alcoholic extract of a drug into cold water and separating and drying the precipitate
    formed

    d. Pomade - An ointment or cream containing medicaments; usually used on the hair.

    References: Hayat, D. (2013, April 15). What is the difference between volatile oil and fixed oil?
    Retrieved March 11, 2021, from https://medimoon.com/2013/04/what-is-the-difference-
    between-volatile-oil-and-fixed-oil/?
    __cf_chl_jschl_tk__=e86f9461a0b6008c7ecd102bccab2c26537d7f7b-1615450245-0-
    Afb46ieIPoLRXbvleTq2FCxrYHmO0-jQ-
    wBv3kHyi3oh8460SrnkjrB_8pHJFR5rGTdAHLG_9jqPKvtmT3Ov_WKyX_7mykXkJYD
    v-H21lFg-Jwo9Y9-mHolcw3RfKIgGotY5FnaYlYRSRzHN2jnKFWCmO-
    VZqIaokGIbuVkIY5eY3lsCaTsf8u9wcqWzaEYh_6WylnwL7Uuj6ilXhQCQpVFTLgP93
    LBCgNDtLdR6k8veGcmtAnpmrpQEu3t9B5V2gkEdTBVGUzcWpC3uuQ-
    PyagCoC8WjvWwcKXQNulLzCBXsXxyqiDceRHuZXb3Lm4wLr607Znv1SxBFNIilKv
    OtX9ZcndJXD3S17oaOnx8yyqMIbnudd4ZXJYVZYP_msr3u7heuEHgINPWb_te2dqSH
    WQBRIYiy3JLMEbgLiNioPw4
    Resinoid. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2021, from
    https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/resinoid#:~:text=Medical%20Definition
    %20of%20resinoid,Comments%20on%20resinoid

    Pomade. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2021, from https://medical-


    dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pomade

    Concrete. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2021, from


    https://www.britannica.com/technology/concrete-building-material

    Bates, P., Stymne, S., & Ohlrogge, J. (2013, March 23). Biochemical pathways in seed Oil
    synthesis. Retrieved March 11, 2021, from
    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369526613000356

    Absolute. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2021, from https://www.dictionary.com/browse/absolute

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