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Electronics and Communication Engineering – EC


ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
Linear Algebra:
Matrix Algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and eigen vectors.
Calculus: Mean value theorems, Theorems of integral calculus, Evaluation of definite
and improper integrals,Partial Derivatives, Maxima and minima, Multiple integrals,
Fourier series. Vector identities, Directional derivatives, Line, Surface and Volume
integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Green’s theorems.
Differential equations:
First order equation (linear and nonlinear), Higher order linear differential equations with
constant coefficients, Method of variation of parameters, Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations,
Initial and boundary value problems, Partial Differential Equations and variable separable
method.
Complex variables:
Analytic functions, Cauchy’s integral theorem and integral formula, Taylor’s and
Laurent’series, Residue theorem, solution integrals.
Probability and Statistics:
Sampling theorems, Conditional probability, Mean, median, mode and standard
deviation,Random variables, Discrete and continuous distributions, Poisson, Normal and
Binomial distribution, Correlation and regression analysis.
Numerical Methods:
Solutions of non-linear algebraic equations, single and multi-step methods for differential
equations.
Transform Theory:
Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform.
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Networks: Network graphs: matrices associated with graphs; incidence, fundamental cut
set and fundamental circuit matrices. Solution methods: nodal and mesh analysis.
Network theorems: superposition, Thevenin and Norton’s maximum power transfer,
Wye-Delta transformation. Steady state sinusoidal analysis using phasors.
Linear constant coefficient differential equations; time domain analysis of simple RLC
circuits, Solution of network equations using Laplace transform: frequency domain
analysis of RLC circuits. 2-port network parameters: driving point and transfer functions.
State equations for networks.
Electronic Devices:
Energy bands in silicon, intrinsic and extrinsic silicon. Carrier transport in silicon:
diffusion current, drift current, mobility, and resistivity. Generation and recombination of
carriers. p-n junction diode, Zener diode, tunnel diode, BJT, JFET, MOS capacitor,
MOSFET, LED, p-I-n and avalanche photo diode, Basics of
LASERs. Device technology: integrated circuits fabrication process, oxidation, diffusion,
ion implantation, photolithography, n-tub, p-tub and twin-tub CMOS process.
Analog Circuits:
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Small Signal Equivalent circuits of diodes, BJTs, MOSFETs and analog CMOS. Simple
diode circuits, clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing and bias stability of transistor and
FET amplifiers. Amplifiers: single and multi-stage, differential and operational,
feedback, and power. Frequency response of amplifiers. Simple opamp
circuits. Filters. Sinusoidal oscillators; criterion for oscillation; single-transistor and op-
amp configurations. Function generators and wave-shaping circuits, 555 Timers. Power
supplies.
Digital circuits:
Boolean algebra, minimization of Boolean functions; logic gates; digital IC families
(DTL, TTL,ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinatorial circuits: arithmetic circuits, code
converters, multiplexers, decoders, PROMs and PLAs. Sequential circuits: latches and
flip-flops, counters and shift-registers. Sample and hold circuits, ADCs,DACs.
Semiconductor memories. Microprocessor(8085): architecture, programming, memory
and I/O interfacing.
Signals and Systems:
Definitions and properties of Laplace transform, continuous-time and discrete-time
Fourier series, continuous-time and discrete-time Fourier Transform, DFT and FFT, z-
transform. Sampling theorem. Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) Systems: definitions and
properties; causality, stability, impulse response, convolution,poles and zeros, parallel
and cascade structure, frequency response, group delay, phase delay. Signal transmission
through LTI systems.
Control Systems: Basic control system components; block diagrammatic description,
reduction of block diagrams.Open loop and closed loop (feedback) systems and stability
analysis of these systems. Signal flow graphs and their use in determining transfer
functions of systems; transient and steady state analysis of LTI control systems
and frequency response. Tools and techniques for LTI control system analysis: root loci,
Routh-Hurwitz criterion,Bode and Nyquist plots. Control system compensators: elements
of lead and lag compensation, elements of Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control.
State variable representation and solution of state equation of LTI control systems.
Communications:
Random signals and noise: probability, random variables, probability density function,
autocorrelation, power spectral density. Analog communication systems: amplitude and
angle modulation and demodulation systems, spectral analysis of these operations,
superheterodyne receivers; elements of hardware,realizations of analog communication
systems; signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) calculations for amplitude modulation
(AM) and frequency modulation (FM) for low noise conditions. Fundamentals of
information theory and channel capacity theorem. Digital communication systems: pulse
code modulation (PCM), differential pulse code modulation (DPCM), digital modulation
schemes: amplitude, phase and frequency shift keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK),
matched filter receivers, bandwidth consideration and probability of error calculations for
these schemes. Basics of TDMA, FDMA and CDMA and GSM.
Electromagnetics:
Elements of vector calculus: divergence and curl; Gauss’ and Stokes’ theorems,
Maxwell’s equations: differential and integral forms. Wave equation, Poynting vector.
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Plane waves: propagation through various media; reflection and refraction; phase and
group velocity; skin depth. Transmission lines: characteristic impedance; impedance
transformation; Smith chart; impedance matching; S parameters, pulse excitation.
Waveguides: modes in rectangular waveguides; boundary conditions; cut-off frequencies;
dispersion relations.Basics of propagation in dielectric waveguide and optical fibers.
Basics of Antennas: Dipole antennas; radiation pattern; antenna gain.

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