Strategic Planning

ISSN (Online): 2455-3662
EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR) - Peer Reviewed Journal

Volume: 7 | Issue: 1 |January 2021|| Journal DOI: 10.36713/epra2013 || SJIF Impact Factor: 7.032 ||ISI Value: 1.188
THE EFFECT OF STRATEGIC PLAN ON

ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN REMITTANCE
COMPANIES IN MOGADISHU SOMALIA
Ali Yusuf Omar

Graduating Master of Business Administration (MBA)
from University of Somalia
Supervisor: Mr. Mohamed Abdulle Sabriye
ABSTRACT
The main purpose of the study was to identify the effect of strategic plan on organizational performance of remittances in
Somalia in Mogadishu. The study had three objectives. The first objective of the study was to determine the effect setting
objectives on organizational performance of remittance companies in Mogadishu, Somalia. The second objective of this study
was to assess the effect of budgetary allocations on organizational performance of remittance companies in Mogadishu,
Somalia. The third objective of this study was to find out the effect of organization structure on organizational performance of
remittance companies in Mogadishu, Somalia. The target population was 100 and the sample size was 40 respondents. The
study used descriptive design. And 20 questionnaires were distributed .Descriptive and regression analysis was used. The study
found that setting objectives, budgetary allocations and organization structure have significant positive relationships on
organizational performance of remittance companies in Mogadishu-Somalia. Finally, the researcher found that the
competitive strategy has significant positive relationships on organizational performance of remittance companies in
Mogadishu-Somalia.
INTRODUCTION percent (Little, 2003). Hyperinflation destroyed the

Over the last two decades, developing countries savings of Somalis who managed to accrue modest
have witnessed an unparalleled rise in workers‟ sums over time. It also incapacitated the monetary unit
remittances. According to the (World Bank, 2006) as a means of economic calculation. Government‟s
estimates, official remittances received by LDCs willful mismanagement of public resources prevented
increased from US$31.2 billion in 1990 to US$221.3 the state from being self-supporting. International
billion in 2005, representing an annual growth rate of development agencies, eager to woo Somalia from the
over 13 percent. Remittances are now equivalent to influences of Eastern Europe, filled the shortfall with
about 35 percent of total financial flows to developing massive inflows of foreign aid. By the mid-1980s, 100
countries and have surpassed both official development percent of Somalia‟s development budget and 50
aid flows and non-foreign direct investment flows. percent of its recurrent budget was funded by foreign
Moreover, the true size of remittances including aid ( UNDP , 2001). In 1987 more than 70 percent of
unrecorded remittance flows is estimated to be at least the state’s total operating budget was financed this way
50 percent larger (World Bank, 2006). (Mubarak, J (1996),, 1996).
According to, (Leeson, P., 2007) , observed that In Somalia, Financial remittances from Somalis
in the 1980s the government of Somalia turned to living abroad are perhaps the outstanding feature of the
inflation to finance its corrupt and bankrupt projects. economy although this was not new. Their significance
Between 1983 and 1990, average annual depreciation grew as part of the emerging parallel economy in the
of the Somali shilling against the US$ was over 100 1980s, when they were estimated to be worth US $370
percent. In some years depreciation exceeded 300 million annually, 75% of which came from workers in
2021 EPRA IJMR | www.eprajournals.com | Journal DOI URL: https://doi.org/10.36713/epra2013

192
the Gulf countries. This was equal to 13 times the Performance measurement has significant
Somali-based national wages bill and partially explains influence in supporting the achievement of an
how households at the time were able to survive on organization's goals and the effectiveness and
basic government salaries that covered only 8% of efficiency of its strategic planning process. Thus, in
household expenditure. As a result of the civil war the order to assess the level of success or otherwise of a
size of the Diaspora has grown and along with it the corporate body, its established strategic plans in
volume of remittances. The source has also changed as connection with the performance of the company in all
the Somali Diaspora in Europe, USA, Canada, and fronts of operations had to be established (Strickland,
Australia has increased. According to, (Adams, R.H. A. J., 2004).
Jr., 2003) noted that although remittances have become Strategic planning is a management function
the critical source of hard currency for the country, the that focuses on the growth and future sustained well
precise value of remittance to elements of Social being of an organization. Ansoff, (2003) affirms that
Development is still in doubt. the interest in strategy grew out of the realization that a
Business environment is volatile and ever firm needed a well defined scope and growth direction
changing; and organizations need to look for fresh not just extrapolations of past performances which
ways to keep growing profit. (Heppelman, J. E., 2014) were being used to project into the future. Hart and
found Consumer preferences and demands are also Banbury, (1994), made an observation of firms‟
continuously evolving and increasing respectively to recognition for the need to do strategic thinking and
remain dynamic environment like U S A, firms planning.
continually innovate to stay ahead strategic In Africa similar research had developed , in
management practices and this enable them to gain Kenya study investigated strategic plan on
higher profit because of using their unique resources. organizational performance (Benjamin, M. N., 2017).
(Charles, 2008) Indicated that to maximize shareholder In Somalia, since the collapse of central
value and increase performance managers must government in (1991), many businesses started to boom
formulate and implement strategies that enable their up fast especially service industry. These businesses
companies to outperform its rivals—that give it a were facing an environment which is dynamic,
strategic plan. A company is said to have a good changeable, and essential, as well as an intensive
strategic plan over its rivals when its performance is competition. These circumstances and many others
greater than the average performance and profit growth compel the organizations to adopt certain business
of other companies competing for the same set of concepts, policies, and practices in order to attain their
customers. According to, (Tapinos, E; Dyson, R. G., goals and to get prominent results. Among those
2005)Strategic Plan provides the basic direction and business concepts is strategic planning ( Ali Yassin
rationale for determining the focus of an organization; Sheikh Ali (2016) In Somalia, after the collapse of the
and also provides the specification against which any Somali state all financial institutions in the country
organization may best decide what to do and how to do were destroyed by the fighting factions. Although the
it. Simply put, it is a process for creating and describing last two decades the country has no effective
a better future in measurable terms and the selection of government that monitor the quality of bank
the best means to achieve the results desired. It is institutions on the other hand fortnightly there was
important to note that not all planning is actually increasing number of private remitences since 1990,
strategic even though they may be termed so. It is said according to our best knowledge there is no study that
that failure to plan leads to planning to fail. (Dyson, focus the impact of service quality provided by these
R.G., 2000). In order to assess the level of success or institutions on customers`s satisfaction. Thus, this is the
otherwise of a corporate body, its established strategic main purpose of this study. (husein & Abdullah, 2007).
plans relative to the performance of the organization in
all fronts of operations have to be ascertained. LITERATURE REVIEW
Formulating, implementing and the evaluation of a Strategic planning was about success and
Strategic Plan indisputably become a major activity in failure, about the ability to plan wars and win them; big
both profit and not-for-profit organizations, especially, mergers perhaps the most visible sign of strategic
the banking sector (Tegarden, F. (2003)., 2003). planning can transform the performance of an
Strategic planning standardizes the processes of organization, make fortunes for shareholders or change
goal/objective setting, situation analysis, alternative the structure of an industry (Scholes, K and Johnson, G.
consideration, implementation and evaluation that , 2002). Ineffective strategic planning can bankrupt
enable an organization to attain its goals and objectives companies and win careers of chief executives thus
(Tapinos, E; Dyson, R.G., 2005). hindering organization growth. Appleby (1994) defines

193
a strategic plan as deciding on major organizational their activities with a sense of purpose, it helps in
goals and guidelines or policies used in achieving those development of effective control that measure results
goals. This planning relies on an unpredicted long term and lead to corrective actions, it facilitates coordination
forecast from senior levels of the organization. behavior of various groups which otherwise may pull in
According to (Campbell B,, 1999) and (Thompson different directions, they function as a basis for
A. A and Strickland A. I , 2007), a strategic plan is a managerial control by serving as standards against
process that involves assessment of treats and which actual performance can be measured, provides
opportunities of an organization, determining weakness legitimacy to organization activities and finally it
and strengths in changing environment. facilitate better management of organization by
They continue saying that a strategy is laid providing a basis for leading, guiding, directing and
down to cope with the problem at hand, considering the controlling the activities of various departments.
goals, objectives of the organization. They further (Hugh, D.; Michael, 2002) argues that the one or
defines strategic planning as management tool that two sentences vision statements most companies make
continually and systematically evaluate a business, available to the company of course provide only a
identify its long-term goals and quantifiable objectives, glimpse of what executives are really thinking and the
develops a plan to implement, monitor performance, strategic course they have chartered. Company
allocated resources, redefine the plan where need be, to personnel really have much better understanding where
ensure the organizational members work towards the the company is headed and why is revealed in the in the
defined goals in changing environment and observes official vision. But the real purpose of strategic vision
that strategic plan should ask the questions; Why do is to serve as management for giving the organization a
organizations exists, what it does, where it should go sense of direction. Like any tool, it can be used
and how it is going to get there. Strategic plan should properly or improperly, either clearly conveying a
encompass, a vision, mission and organizational values. company’s strategic course or not.
A vision is an insight into the long-term future, which (Tosi H. , 1975), identified some of characteristics of
should be short, understood by everyone, describes a efficient budgetary system which include budget
static stage. A mission is the route followed to achieve oriented towards results, budgetary system should be
a vision. more effective if the duties and responsibilities for all
(Bennett R., 1996), summarizes the benefit of operations are well defined and rightly assigned budget
having strategic plan as follows:- It formulates strategy should be simple and understandable, fair and
for the future action and criteria for the future actions. objective. Budget should be based on documentable
It makes it easier the coordination of divisions, information and not simple guesswork and judgment. A
subsidiaries and other component parts of the quick and two-way communication should be adopted
organization hence act as the focal point for all so that the managers get timely information on
operations in the organization, the organization can deviations. Lastly, budget should be viewed as positive
analysis its position through strategy formulation hence and be conducive to self control.
know its internal weaknesses and hence how to get a However this (Arthur S, Mondy R.W & Shane R.P,
remedy. It makes decision in response to predictable 1990), argue that despite its benefits, budgeting has
changes, identification of external treats and become crucial to the planning process because budgets
opportunities. The organization through speculation of are often too rigid and restrictive because HR
future events may lead to influencing the future for the supervisors are given little free hand in managing their
benefit of the organization growth and after considering resources, budget may be changed too often or not at
all facts important decisions can be made hence all making it difficult for employees to meet
avoiding crisis situations. performance levels, furthermore, funds are allocated for
The mission of an organization the unique aim that sets various activities may not be transferable from one
the organization apart from others of its type. account to another. Budgets are used to evaluate the
Objectives are the specific targets to be reached by performance and result but the causes of failures and
organization. They are translation of an organization success are not thoroughly investigated, budgets may
mission into concrete terms against results can be used punitively whereby employees regards budgets
measured. simply as rating tool for catching their mistakes which
(Bernard, 2004), identifies the benefits of setting lower their morale and dilute their sense of dedication,
objectives as follows; it provides a basis for planning budgets make some managers believe that all funds
and developing other types of plans such as policies, allocated in a budget for a given activity must be spent
budget and procedures. It acts as motivators for on that activity which may be detrimental to the
individuals and departments of an enterprise mobilizing organization’s effectiveness. Budgeted goals may be

194
perceived as too high often misused particularly during positions to execute the strategies established by the
the evaluation of action with the plans and strategies in organization hence organizational structure is actually
the light of the latest information. (Otley D.T., 1998). integral of strategic planning. However empirical
(Nnabuife, E., 2009) ,defines organizational evidence by Williams (1997) confirms a positive
performance as setting up a structure or mending an relationship between organizational structure and
already existing one to suit the organizational strategic planning while (Weir, C., 1995) in his effort to
environment and the demands of technology. establish the relationship between organizational
Organizational structure also referred to as structure and corporate performance concludes that
organizational design provides a solid foundation for firms that adoptedappropriate structure yield higher
company operations by laying out the physical profits than those that do not (Weir, C., 1995).
grouping of employees and the managerial hierarchies
within an organization. Organizational design METHODOLOGY
essentially provides a guide for the way in which work The research design that was used in this study
is to be completed within the organization by was descriptive cross sectional survey method aimed at
determining how task, decision and information flow establishing the strategic planning on organizational
into the company. Organizational design translates the performance of remittances in Mogadishu, Somalia.
goals and desires of business leaders into actual, The method was preferred because it allows for prudent
tangible plans. Organizational design can serve as an comparison of the research findings. A cross sectional
element of a strategic plan to accomplish specific and descriptive survey attempts to describe or define a
objectives since organizational structure influences the subject often by creating a profile of a group of
way in which work flows in a company. Therefore, problems, people or events through the collection of
different design can help or hinder different strategic data and tabulation of the frequencies on research
objectives and also can aid or hinder employees in their variables or their interaction as indicated.
role. The questionnaire was used as an instrument for
Structure can dictate the means by which data collection. The questionnaire consists of three
strategies are formed, for instance, Companies with sections. The first section contained demographic
good structure, on the other hand, often involve a range profile which included gender, age, marital status, ,
of employees in strategy sessions. For organization to experience and type of wor. Second section is strategic
deliver its plan, the strategy and the structure must be plan consists of three dimensions setting
woven together seamlessly. They involve combing objectives,(budgetary allocations and organization
flexible decision making, and sharing the best ideas structure) and third section is organizational
across the organization, with appropriate levels of performance.
management and control from the centre. A company’s The data on complete mixed questionnaire will
organizational structure must support its strategy. For categorize or code and will enter into a computer for
instance, in a case where downsizing is the strategy, the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) to
organizational design involves figuring out which summarize the data using simple and complex
positions or department to trim. When introducing a frequency tables. The same package used to analyze by
new line of business, organizational design means computing relative frequencies, means, and standard
figuring out who is responsible for the new business, deviations. In the questionnaire each selected one to
how many positions should be opened and where in the four scale for where, 1=strongly disagree, 2=disagree;
reporting structure in the new line belongs. Normally 3= agree; 4= strongly agree.
businesses draft these changes into a formal
organizational chart so that everyone involved can FINDING OF THE STUDY
clearly understand the changes and how the business The findings of the study obtained from the
should operate. Employees at all levels of company target respondents that were involved in this study.
must be empowered to effectively complete the task This chapter highlights general information of the
necessary to achieve organizational objectives respondents, followed by the findings on the effect of
(Nnabuife, E., 2009) strategic plan on organizational performance of
There is hardly any organization that does not have remittance companies in Mogadishu-Somalia, the effect
profit and growth as its main objectives. of setting objectives , budgetary allocations ,and
The growth of a firm is principally measured on the organization structure on Organizational performance.
percentage of market share captured and client served. Gender in majority of the respondents of this
By deciding how to approach the markets and study which 30 respondents or (75.0%) were male
Customers, employees are place into different strategic while the remaining 10 respondents or (25.0%) were

195
female in terms of gender the majority of the Anova

respondents were male so this show male are According Anova indicated that, (the model
dominated female in terms of work places. involving constant, setting objectives, budgetary
The majority of the respondents of this study allocations, organization structure) is significant in
aged 18-30 years were 30 respondents or (20.0%), the predicting how setting objectives, budgetary
respondents aged 8, while 2 respondents aged between allocations, organization structure determine
41-50 that were (5.0%), organizational performance of remittances in
The marital status of the respondents from the Mogadishu Somalia. The regression model achieves a
analysis, 25 respondents that is (62.5%) of the degree of fit as reflected by an R2 of 0.511 (F = 12.542;
respondents were single 15 respondents (37.5%) of the P = 0.000 < 0.05).
respondents were single. This study shows that Coefficient
majority of the employees are single. According to coefficient results indicated on
The majority of the respondents of this thesis how setting objectives, budgetary allocations,
were Bachelor level which was 27 respondents that organization structure determine organizational
equivalent (67.5%), 7 respondents that equivalent performance of
(17.5%) were secondary level, while the remaining 1 Remittance companies in Mogadishu Somalia.
respondents which equivalent (2.5%) were diploma The regression equation was that: Y=
and 5 respondents that equivalent 12.5% were master β0+β1X1+β2X2+ β3X3+ ε and the regression equation
degree. became: Y =0.748 + 0.182X1 + 0.457X2 + - 0.161X3.
The majority of the respondents of this study This indicates that there was positive and significant
working 0-2 years were 27 respondents that equivalent effect of strategic plan on organizational performance
(67.5%) or 3-5 years that was 10 which equivalent in remittances in Mogadishu- Somalia.
(25.0%) and 6-8 years that was 3 that was equivalent There was positive and significant effect of
(7.5%). setting objectives and organizational performance (β =
The main objective of this study was the effect 0.182; t = 1.538; p > 0.05). There was positive and
of strategic plan on organizational Performance of significant effects budgetary allocations and
remittance companies in Mogadishu- Somalia. The organizational performance (β = 0.457; t = 3.291; p <
study had three objectives. The first objective of the 0.05). There was no positive and significant effect of
study was “To find out setting objective on organization structure and organizational performance
organizational performance of remittance companies in (β = -0.161; t = 1.293; p > 0.05) as shown table 4.7.3.
Mogadishu- Somalia “the mean index of the questions The researcher concluded that strategic Plan has
was 3.75 which indicated Agree level. The second positive significant on organizational performance of
objective of this study was, about “budgetary remittances in Mogadishu-Somalia
allocations on organizational performance of
remittance companies in Mogadishu- Somalia” the CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION
mean index of objective two was 3.71. Indicated The study also found that there is positive significant
Agree level relationship between strategic Plan on on
The third objective of this study was to find out organizational performance of remittances in
organization structure on organizational performance of Mogadishu-Somalia.
remittance companies in Mogadishu- Somalia “the Focuses on summarizing of the research findings,
mean index of the questions was 3.73 which indicated major challenges met during the study and as well as
agree level. The study found that there is positive the corrections of what have been found during of the
significant relationship between strategic plan on research gathering data. The study aims to explore
organizational performance of remittance companies in strategic plan on organizational performance of
Mogadishu- Somalia. remittances in Mogadishu-Somalia.Based on the
findings and the conclusions of the study, the research
REGRESSION ANALYSIS team offered the following recommendations:-
Model Summary 1. Researcher found that strategic plan had
According model summary revealed that influences setting objectives, budgetary
adjusted R square of (0.511), implying that about allocation and organization structure.
(51%) variability in organizational performance is 2. The researcher recommended the private
attributed to strategic formulation, strategy companies, NGOs and other institutions to
implementation and strategy evaluation. implement strategic plan, because without
strategy no institution can work.

196
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ISSN (Online): 2455-3662

EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR) - Peer Reviewed Journal

THE EFFECT OF STRATEGIC PLAN ON

Ali Yusuf Omar

Supervisor: Mr. Mohamed Abdulle Sabriye

INTRODUCTION percent (Little, 2003). Hyperinflation destroyed the

2021 EPRA IJMR | www.eprajournals.com | Journal DOI URL: https://doi.org/10.36713/epra2013

2021 EPRA IJMR | www.eprajournals.com | Journal DOI URL: https://doi.org/10.36713/epra2013

2021 EPRA IJMR | www.eprajournals.com | Journal DOI URL: https://doi.org/10.36713/epra2013

2021 EPRA IJMR | www.eprajournals.com | Journal DOI URL: https://doi.org/10.36713/epra2013

female in terms of gender the majority of the Anova

2021 EPRA IJMR | www.eprajournals.com | Journal DOI URL: https://doi.org/10.36713/epra2013

2021 EPRA IJMR | www.eprajournals.com | Journal DOI URL: https://doi.org/10.36713/epra2013

Management, 10(2), 149-171. Retrieved January

2021 EPRA IJMR | www.eprajournals.com | Journal DOI URL: https://doi.org/10.36713/epra2013

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