Term 2 Class Xii Physics Practicals
Term 2 Class Xii Physics Practicals
Term 2 Class Xii Physics Practicals
Apparatus: Drawing board, a white sheet of paper, prism, drawing pins, pencil, half metre scale, office
pins, graph paper & protector.
OBSERVATION-
Precautions:
(i) The angle of incidence should be between 300 – 600.
(ii) The pins should be fixed vertical.
(iii) The distance between the two pins should not be less than 8 cm.
Sources of Error:
(i) Pin pricks may be thick.
(ii) Measurement of angles may be wrong.
EXPERIMENT -2
Aim: To determine the refractive index of a glass using travelling microscope.
OBSERVATIONS-
Result: The refractive index of the glass slab by using travelling microscope is 1.52 .
Precautions: (i) Microscope once focused on the cross mark, the focusing should not be disturbed
throughout the experiment. Only rack and pinion screw should be turned to move the microscope upward.
(iii) Eye piece should be so adjusted that cross-wires are distinctly seen.
EXPERIMENT-3
Aim: To draw the I – V characteristics curve of p-n junction in forward bias & reverse bias.
Apparatus: A p-n junction semi-conductor diode, a three volt battery, a high resistance, a rheostat, a
voltmeter (0- 3v), a milli ammeter (0-.30 mA), one – way key, connecting wires.
THEORY –
FORWARD BIAS - A p n junction diode is said to be in forward bias if p- type semiconductor connected
with the positive of battery n type semiconductor connected with negative of battery
Reverse bias- - A pn junction diode is said to be in forward bias if p type semiconductor connected
with the negative of battery and n type semiconductor connected with positive of battery.
Result: The obtained curves are the characteristics curves of the semi-conductor diode.
(ii) Key should be used in circuit & opened when the circuit is not being used.