Class 9 - PA 3 - Explanation
Class 9 - PA 3 - Explanation
Class 9 - PA 3 - Explanation
Session: 2017 – 18
Periodic Assessment – III
Class 9 – Explanation
Le comparative et le superlatif
Comparative helps us to make comparisons between two or more things whereas superlatives
express extremes. While comparing, we make three levels of comparison i.e superiority,
inferiority and equality.
Comparison of quality:
While comparing the qualities we normally put adjectives before “que” and adjective changes in
gender and number.
While comparing there are certain adjectives that changes and they are as follows:
a. “Bon” becomes “meilleur” (better)
b. “Mauvais” becomes “pire” (worse)
If in case of comparison second element that is being compared is a pronoun then disjunctive
pronouns are used.
Eg: il est plus riche que moi.
Nous sommes aussi contents qu’eux.
Comparison of quantity :
In comparing the quantities the same rule is applied as it has been applied above except for a
slight change:
La supériorité Plus (de) que
L’infériorité Moins (de) ADJECTIVE que
L’égalité Autant (de) que
Superlatives : Superlative degree cannot be compared. It refers to the “most” or to the “least”.
The adjectives are placed after the above superlative degrees. In the superlative form:
“Bon” becomes le meilleur, la meilleure, les meilleurs (es)
« Mauvais » becomes le pire, la pire, les pires.
If an adjective follows the noun then the article is repeated and is placed in front of the adjective.
Eg: Donnez – moi le livre le plus épais.
In order to indicate the superlative, preposition “de” and its derivatives are always used.
Eg: C’est l’église le plus célèbre de la ville.
C’est le garçon le plus méchant du monde.
An adjective, a noun , an adverb or a verb, all these forms can be used in both the forms i.e
comparative and superlative. Only the formation of the sentence changes.
Le comparatif:
Adjectif Adverbe
Supériorité Marie est plus grande que Léna. Marc court plus vite que Tom.
Égalité Léna est aussi grande que Lison. Fred court aussi vite que Pierre.
Infériorité Léna est moins grande que Marie. Tom court moins vite que Marc.
Nom Verbe
Supériorité Marc a plus de billes que Tom. Marie dort plus que Léna.
Égalité Fred a autant de billes que Pierre. Léna dort autant que Lison.
Infériorité Tom a moins de billes que Marc. Léna dort moins que Marie.
Le superlatif :
Adjectif Adverbe
Supériorité Marie est la plus grande de la classe. C'est Marc qui court le plus vite.
Infériorité Lila est la moins grande. Cest Tom qui court le moins vite.
Nom Verbe
Supériorité C'est Marc qui a le plus de billes. C'est Marie qui dort le plus.
Infériorité Tom qui a le moins de billes. C'est Lila qui dort le moins.
Les Pronoms Personnels
A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun. It helps to avoid the repetition of the noun. Personnel
pronouns refer to the people or replaces a word or group of words already mentioned. The forms
of personnel pronouns varies according to gender, number and their function in the sentence.
There are different types of pronoun that we use in our language. They are:
c. In short answers
Eg : C’est moi ! (its I)
Eg: Qui veut partir en France? Moi.
Eg : Nous aimons danser. Moi aussi…. Pas moi
d. To highlight things
Eg : C’est elle, qui va gagner le match de tennis.
C’est moi, qui aurais tous les plaisirs de vous accueillir (Its I who would have all
the pleasure of receiving you.)
e. In comparative statements
Eg: Elle est plus intelligente que moi.
Sophie est aussi belle qu’elle
i. Used in Opposition
Eg : Moi, j’aime bien la montagne, mais lui pas du tout.
Pronoms Compléments d’objet direct (COD) / Pronoms Compléments d’objet indirect (COI)
1. A transitive verb passes the action done by the subject on to an object. It translates the
effect of the action. Hence a verb that translates the action to an object is called a
“transitive verb”. And a word that follows a transitive verb and takes the effect of the
action is called a “direct object”.
2. An intransitive verb does not pass on the effect of the action to another object. The effect
rests with the subject itself.
Indirect objects do not come immediately after the verb. That place is occupied by a
preposition. Hence an indirect object comes after a preposition.
Please note : Direct object pronouns are placed just before the main verb.
Position of pronouns
Je Me Me Moi
Tu Te Te Toi
Placement of Before the Before the In the same Before the verb Before the
the Pronoun verb verb and place. and after the verb and
after the indirect object after
direct object pronoun pronoun
pronoun Y
Please Note:
When we have “COI with preposition” – the prepositions that occurs are: à, à la,
à l’, au, aux
When we have “COI without preposition” – the prepositions that occurs are: à, à la, à
l’, au, aux along with “avec, sans, devant, derrière, chez, pour, sur etc.
The above prepositions cannot be interchanged except for “au, à l’, à la, aux” which are
replaced by “à” and followed by a relevant pronoun.
When we have direct and indirect object pronouns in the question then direct object
pronouns are placed before the indirect object pronouns.
Eg: je donne mon cahier à Jean.
Je le lui donne.
When the statement is in passé compose, the direct object pronoun will make an accord
with the past participle. The accord rule is applicable for the adjectives also.
Eg: Elle a acheté une robe bleue.
Elle l’a achetée.
Eg : Sneha a invité ses amies.
Elle les a invitées.
To identify the direct object pronouns we have the following hints in the question :
Le, la, les. The other determiners that indicates the answer as direct object pronouns are
as follows:
Ce, cet, mon, ton, son, un - indicates the answer « Le »
Cette, ma, ta, sa, une - indicates the answer « La »
Ces, mes, tes, ses, nos, vos, leurs - indicates the answer « Les »
If à, à l’, à la, au, aux are the prepositions - then the COI’s that are used are
me,te,lui.elle,nous,vous,leur
If other prepositions are used then its - then the COI’s that are used are
understood that we use pronoms toniques moi, toi, lui, elle, nous, vous, eux,
elles
In some cases “Y” also replaces preposition “à”. Some of the verbs used in such
situations are penser à, réfléchir à, s’intéressser à, répondre à, participer à. These verbs
does not indicate a location or a movement. It takes a meaning “it”.
Le pronom “En” indicates a place from where we are coming. This place can be
imaginary or real and it takes the meaning “from there”. It basically replaces preposition
“en”. It is placed before the verb.
It is also a pronoun of quantity that replaces “de” + “noun”. It includes nouns
introduced by partitive “de, du, de la, de l’, des” along with an indefinite determiners like
« un peu de, beaucoup de, trop de, etc ». In such cases, « en » means « some, any etc » it
indicates a part of something.
“En” also replaces expressions that are introduced by preposition “de”
with the following verbs: s’occuper de, parler de, remercier de, revenir de, venir de
L’adjectif Interrogatif
Interrogative adjectives are used to ask information about the noun. It agrees in number and gender
with the noun it modifies.
There are four forms and all the four forms means “which” and “what”
The above are the pronouns that are used to avoid the repetition of the noun and
therefore it is used to replace a noun. The noun may be an object or a person. These pronouns
agree with the gender and number of the nouns. Eg: if the noun is masculine singular it is
replaced with “lequel” and if the noun is feminine singular it is replaced with “laquelle” etc.
Le Temps Conditionnel
“ Si ” Condition
Expression de la condition
It describes events that are not guaranteed to occur, those that are often dependent on
certain conditions.
While French uses the word si in the "if" or condition clause, it does not use a term for
"then" in the result clause. The conditional verb itself is used in the result (then) clause,
while only the tenses that are permitted in the si clause are : présent, imparfait
In a hypothetical situation :
Si + verbe au présent de l'indicatif, verbe de la principale au futur
(hypothèse réelle) / au présent ou à l’impératif.
Par exemple, Si j'ai de l'argent, je partirai en vacances.
Si tu viens, je mange du chocolat
Si tu viens, on s’amusera
Si tu viens, téléphone-moi !