Friction 5.

Friction
INTEXT EXERCISE: 1
1. No friction force, because there is no tendency to 7.
slip.

2. F = N

nN = mg

N = ma = m b M + m l
mg F

F = n
nN = mg
3. 8.
F cos θ = N

F sin θ + µN = mg
mg
F = sin θ + µ cos θ

4. For maximum value, block will have a tendency to

skip upwards. 9. For maximum F , the block will tend to slip
upwards.

F cos θ = N
F sin θ - µN = mg

5.

F + nN = mg sin i

N = mg cos i
N = F sin i + mg cos i
F cos i = mg sin i + nN
6. For max F, the block will tend to slip upwards.
10.
ma # nN = nmg
a # ng
F = mg sin i + nN

INTEXT EXERCISE: 2
1. a = n k g 6.
2. V2 = u2 - 2a 3 x a = nk g & v = 0
F cos θ = mg sin θ + µN

3. 3 x = 2 ^ g sin i - n k g cos i h t2
1
F sin θ + mg cos θ = N

4. 3 x = 2 b m + g sin i - n k g cos i l t2 F = 2N
1 F

5. Fmin = mg sin gq + µ s mg cos θ

5.2 Physics
7. a = g sin i - n k g cos i 150 - T1 = 15a

T1 - T2 - 10 = 5a
8. s = 2 a b 2 l it travels S = 2 m is 2 s
1 1 2 1 1
T2 - 50 = 5a
s = a b 2 l t + 2 at2 velocity at t = 2 is a b 2 l
1 1 1 1 10.

9.

T1 - 2 = 1 ]ag
T2 - T1 - 2 = 1 ]ag

5 - T2 = 2 ]ag
1

INTEXT EXERCISE: 3
1. Maximum acceleration of m1 is ng 5. If F = 250 N

So the maximum acceleration the system can move 250 50

Common acc a = 35 = 7 m/s2
without slipping is ng
Fmax = ^m1 + m2 h µg
7 > ^ s h max
Friction force on lower block, f = 25 b 50
l f
µm1 g
2. Max acceleration of m2 is m2
This means there is slipping between the blocks.
so the maximum acceleration the system can move 210
µm g a' = 10 = 21 m/s 2
without slipping is m1
2

so the maximum acceleration the system can move 6. Velocity of 1 kg block at time ‘t’
µm g
without slipping is m1
2

Fmax = ]m1 + m2g m2

nm1 g

V1 = 2 + 4t
3. ^ fs hmax = n ]2 g]10g = 4N

Velocity of 2kg block at time 't'

First assume the system moves with common
acceleration
12 V2 = 8 - 2t

a = 6 = 2m/s2

For the lower block f = 4 ]2 g = 8N
Slipping will stop when V1 = V2

But max function is only 4N
2 + 4t = 8 - 2t

This means that there is slipping between the block
6t = 6
and friction is maximum i.e. 4N for upper block = 1s
t
a = 4 m/s 2
7. Both move with common acc g sin i and hence
there is no tendency to slip.
F +F
4. ^ fs hmax = nm1 g = 40N 8. No sliding, common acc a = m1 + m2
1 2
30 6 Free body diagram of m1

For F = 30 N Common acc, a = 35 = 2 m/s2

For lower block F +F
F1 - f = m1 d m1 + m2 n

1 2
6 150
f = 25 # 7 = 7 N
m1 ^ F1 + F2 h

N < ^ fs h max
f = F1 - m1 + m2

This means both blocks move together without m F -m F
6
slipping with acc of 7 m/s2
= 2m1 + m1 2
1 2
 Friction 5.3
9. Using the previous result
For the case for a is largest possible.
2m ] F g - m ]2F g f = ma cos i - mg sin i
f= 2m + m =0
10. From the reference frame of the wedge
In general f = m a cos i - g sin i

For least value of a , friction acts

up the plane

f + ma cos i = mg sin i
f = mg sin i - ma cos i

EXERCISE - 1
1. µ does not depend on normal reaction.
Since; the block will not slide therefore
2. Friction force depends only on normal reaction and 1
2 # 9.8 # 2 = 9.8 N.
coefficient of friction.
3. m 3m #
13. 4 g = 4 g µ
1

& µ = 3 = 0.33

µ s = tan θ = 2
14.

4. Back foot pushes the ground back.

5. Friction on block is to lift, reaction to this force
on table top is to the right and hence direction of
friction on ground is to left.
In limiting conditions
6. Fc = f + N
2 2
N h
µ = tan θ = r

i.e. Fc > N, Fc > f; N > f
& h = µr
V = 3 πr 2 h = 3 πr 2 ^µr h
f
1 1 = 13 πµr3

F lies between N + f to N - f

7. ^ fs hmax = µ s mg 15. N = 0 , Friction = 0

8. No external force, no tendency to slip. 16. tan 30c = µ s
9. Angle of friction = tan ^µ s h F cos 60c $ µ s ^mg - F sin 60c h
-1

10. ^ fs hmax = µ s mg = 80 N ∝ mg

F $ cos 60c +s ∝ sin 60c
F - 90N > ^ fs hmax so friction is kinetic
s

fk = µ k mg 20
3

= 60N =
1 + 1 + 3
11. F = µ s mg = 12N 2 3 2

fk = 4N = 20 N
3
F - fk

a = m = 4ms
2
∝mg
17. Fmin = 2
= 50 N

v = at = 8 m/s 1
- 1+∝
18. 2µ s N = mg
12.
19. ^ fs hmax = µ s ]5 g = 2N

Frequired = mg + ^ fs hmax = 4N
5.4 Physics
20. a AG = µ s g = 0.2g 27. µ s = tan 30c

a AB = a A - aB
Fmin = mg sin 60c + µ s mg cos 60c

mg 28.
2mg - 5
aB = 3m =- 29
5
3g
= 5
21. tan θ = µ s = 1
Solving from the frame of cart , we get
22. Let F be the maximum value of force applied when g

& mg = nma & a= n
the blocks of M = /3 kg does not move on the rough
surface. 29. Solving from the frame of truck

R = normal reaction Fpseudo
= 5×1

Normal to surface = 5N Rest

or R = F sin 60c + mg

f = force of friction

nR = F cos 60c f # nmg = 6 & f = 5N

or nF sin 60c + nmg - F cos 60c 30. µ s ^mC + m A hg = mB g
nmg 31. T cos 45c = µ s ^mg h

or F =
cos 60c - n sin 60c


T sin 45c = Mg
1
# 3 # 10 32.
2 3 5
= = = 5 # 4 = 20N
1 1 3 1 1
-f # p -
2 4
2 2 3 2

Therefore, maximum value of force = 20 N
23. Fmin = mg sin θ + µmg cos θ mg sin θ - ma cos θ = µ s ^mg cos θ + ma sin θ h

33. ^ fs hmax = µ s _mg - Fy i = 1.8 N
20 - 5
24. a = 5 = 3 m/s 2
For 3 kg block 20 - R - 3N = 3 ]3 g
Applied force along horizontal = 1N = fs

R = 8N 34. For minimum m , 100 kg will have a tendency to
slip downwards on the plane
25. mg = Mg sin θ - µMg cos θ ^ M = 100 kg h

∝s mg - ∝k mg
35. a = m
20 - ^ fs hmax = 4 ]ag
fs max v

a= 36. a = µ k g = t
8
1 37. F - µ k mg = m ]1 g

µs = 3
2F - µ k mg = m ]10g


Max value of F = µ s ] M + mgg = 40N
38. The system will remain at rest
26. ^ fs hmax = 0.2 # 2 # 10 = 4N
T = 100 N
12
Common Acc. = 6 = 2 m/s 2

F = T = 100 N = f
Friction required for upper block = 4N = ^ fs hmax

Fmax = 0.6 # 20 # 10 = 120 N

As Fmax > T static friction comes into play.
Both will move with acc of 2 m/s 2


Therefore, T will be the friction here.
 Friction 5.5

39. abox = µ k g = 4.9 m/s 2

44. Relative to conveyor belt: 0 = 3 - ^µ k g h ∆x
2

2

arelative = 2.1 m/s 45. Assuming slipping between blocks:
µ mg
40. Acceleration of slab = kM = 1 m/s 2
46. Relative to belt: 0 = u - µ k g ] t g

47. mg sin θ = µmg cos θ

V = 2g sin α ]mx sin αg
2
48.
V 2 = 2 ^µg cos α - g sin α h]nx sin αg


Taking ratios

µ = b m n+ n l tan α

2
41. abox = µ k g = 2 m/s

abox relative to truck = 0.1 m/s
2
m ^ g - ah sin θ = µm ^ g - a h cos θ

µ = tan θ
= 12 arel t 2
3.2
49. mg = Mg sin θ + µMg cos θ
42. 100N = mg sin θ + µmg cos θ x

50. 0 - u = - 2
2
# (cx) g . dx
F - ^mg sin θ + µmg cos θ h = ma
0

& u2 = cg.x2
43. Without friction = v 2 = 2g sin 45cl
& = u
x
With friction b 2v l = 2 ^ g sin 45c - µg cos 45c h l
2
cg

EXERCISE - 1

1. 6. N = mg + Q cos i

P + Q sin i # nN
P + Q sin i P + Q sin i

& n$ N, n$

Acceleration of train will be from right to left. mg + Q cos i
7. R = 4 # 15 = 60N
& Pesudo force will act on the box from left to right
fl = 0.8 # 60 = 48N
therefore friction will act from right to left.
mg = 40N < fl
2. when nmg < n'm'g then man can not slide the body. ` f = 40N
3. Under equilibrium frictional force 8. Fc = N2 + f12 = N 1 + n2 = 20. 2
3 1
P

1+ 4
= 5 15 N
A
B
F

nmg

on ‘B’ must be towards P 9. Journey starts at t = k
Q

mg
Mg

nmg kt - f
for t > k , a = m , Hence (c)
4. mA = tan z.gm

` A = g tan z 10. T cos 37c # 13 . ^100g - T sin 37ch
5. N = 2 ]10 + 7g = 34N 1 4 100g
&d
+ nT #
5 5 3
` fl = 17N
100g
` Fh = 12N
& 25 ^ g + a h #

3
Since Fh < fl 4g g
` f = 12N &a# -g =
3 3
5.6 Physics

11. f = fh2 + fv2 = ]0.5 # 100g2 + ]50g2 = 50 2 N ` mg = nN

mg 100
12. Apply Newton’s law for system along the string & N= = = 200 Newton
mB g = n ]m A + mC g # g 0.5
n
m 5 Same normal force would accelerate M,
& mC = nB - m A = 0.2 - 10 = 15kg 200
thus aM = = 4 m/s 2
13. Relative to belt, V = u + at 50
0 =- ]5 + vg + 2 ]4g
Taking (m+M) as system
V = 3 m/s. F = ]m + M g 4 = 240 N

14. FBD of A 20. ^ fs hmax for contact between A & B is 10 N
mN
^ fs hmax for B & ground is 15 N

T

8m N
` acc. of B = 0
C a
a 21.
8mg mg

If the acceleration of ‘C’ is a

for block ‘A’ N = 8ma .....(1)

8 mg - nN = 0 .....(2)
F.B.D. for A block

And acceleration a can be written by the equation of
system (A+B+C)
m1 g = (10 m + m1) a .....(3)
m1 g
8 mg = n 8 m f p
10m + m1
F.B.D. for B block

10 m + m1 = n m1
10m
10 m = ^n - 1 h m1 & m1 =
n-1

15.

for block A

Let the blocks does not move

mg sin θ - f1 = ma .....(1)

then
T1 = 20 - 4
for motion w.r.t. block B
T2 = T1 - 8 = 20 - 4 - 8 = 8
mg sin θ - µmg cos θ = ma .....(2)

Since T2 < max possible friction force for 6 kg block for limiting case
hence it will be at rest and this assumption a=0
is right. Therefore tension in the string and a = b = 0

connecting 4kg and 6kg block = 8N & mg sin θ = µmg cos θ
16. Friction of 4 kg block = nN = 0.2×4×10 = 8N µ = tan θ
θ = tan 1 µ
-
17. Friction force on 6 kg block = 8N
18. For the sliding not to occur when
for block B

tan i # n mg sin θ + f1 - f2 = mb
for motion w.r.t. wedge
dy 2x 2 ya y
tan i = dx = a = a = 2 a f2 = 2µ mg cos θ

y
2 a # n or y # 4
an2 mg sin θ + f1 - 2µmg cos θ = mb .....(3)

19. As m would slip in vertically downward direction,

For no relative motion between A and B block from
then mg = nN equation (1) & (3):a=b
 Friction 5.7
2mg sin θ - 2µmg cos θ = 2ma L

for limiting case a=0
f= # ]kxgdmg = KL
2 mg = F
0
L
& i = tan ^nh -1

Also at midpoint F-T = f ' = # ]kxgdmg

for motion i $ tan -1 (n)
28. Lower block will move if µ1 mg > µ 2 ]2mg g
L/2

when block B is moving w.r.t. wedge

mg sin i + f1 - 2n mg cos i = mb
µ1 > 2µ 2

But
29. F = 0.4 # 4 # g + 0.3 # 1 # g = 19
10 g
f1 = µmg cos θ & mg sin θ - µmg cos θ = mb
30.

f2

For block A

60°
f1

mg sin θ - µmg cos θ = ma & a=b
22. On 3kg block f1 < Fa , under equilibrium

B

f2 = 6N & T = 2N

under equilibrium of 2kg T = 1 + f1 & f1 = 1N

10g

20g
23. f1 = 10N > F
N = T cos 30c
Hence both block move together with acceleration

Apply lami’s theorem to A
= 69 = 2 m/s 2
3
we get tension
10
` f = 5# 2 = 3 N
3 20g - ^ f1 + f2 h

aB = = 1.7m/s 2
24. a1 = 5m/s 2 ]"g 20
30 - 5 = 31. Acceleration of each one is ng in same direction
a2 = 2 12.5 m/s
1
Since acceleration of each one is same, f = 0
sr = ur t + 2 ar t 2

1 32. amax = 2m/s 2 for system
2 = 2 ar t 2

F - 24 = 6. (2) & F = 36
7 2

t= 4.5 = 7.5 33. Since Vr = 0

25. W.r.t. block B , Block A has tendency to slip 34. Let velocity of projection be V and velocity of the
rightwards. Friction on A is to the left. block when it returns back = V '

26. For A, fA = mg sin 30c & µ A cos 30c = mg sin 30c

then V > V ' (since some K.E. is lost to friction)

& µA = 1
Hence average velocity during ascent > average
3 velocity during descent
For B fB - mg sin 30c = maB & µ B = 6
& ta < td
5 3
nA
& = 5 .....(1) 35. For chain to move with constant speed P needs to be
nB 6
equal to frictional force on the chain. As the length
27. of chain on the rough surface increases. Hence the
friction force fk = µ k N increases.

36. 1.8 t - µ k 15 = 1.5 ]1.2 t - 2.4g

for t = 2.85 sec . 1.8 × 2.85

µ k = 0.24 mk(1.5g)
5.8 Physics

37. 42.

fk = 0.1 # 4 # 10 = 4N

6 3 2

a = 4 = 2 m/s

Object will come to rest at t = 2s 43.

2s = 3 ]2g - 2 ]3/2g]2g2
1

Displacement upto

= 3m

V2 =- 2 + 2.5t

After t = 2s block is at rest
V1 = V2
44. Upward motion fk = µmg cos θ
38. Friction = Tension in string

After coming to rest fs = mg sin θ

For bead mg - f = ma1
45. α = g sin θ - µ k g cos θ

For rod Mg - f = Ma2
v 2 = u 2 + 2as

1 2=

2 ar t l 46. Upto a given θ the block will stay at rest, x = 0 .
39. 3mg sin 45c = µ ^3mg h cos 45c + mg sin 45c mg sin θ - µmg cos θ

After that x = k
40. If acceleration of the car is a0 , acceleration of the 1
47. a A = 2 g ]!g
block 2a0 = 2 # 2 = 4 m/s 2 ]"g
1
mg 1
aB = 22m = 4 g "


aBA = aB - a A

F = µN = 0.3 # 50 # 10 = 150
48.

T - F = ma

& T - 150 = 50 # 4

& T = 350 N
T - µ ^2mg h = 2ma
& T = 2m ^µg + a h
41.
T - µ ^mg h = ma2


a2 = µg + 2a
1 ^µg + 3a h 2 =
2 t l
3µg 3µg

arel =- 2 0 = u- 2 t
49. N = 0 , no friction between the blocks

EXERCISE - 3
1. When F is less than n s mg then tension in the string 1
f = # 2 # 12.5 = 5n
is zero. 5
5 2

When µsmg n s mg # F # n s 2mg mg then friction a2 = 2 = 2.5 m/s
on block B is static.
30 - 5 = 25 2
If F is further increase friction on block B is kinetic.
a1 = 8 8 m/ sec
g
2. geff. = g + 4 = 12.5 3. So block ‘Q’ is moving due to force while block ‘P’
due to friction.

Friction direction on both +Q blocks as shown.

 Friction 5.9
P mng
4 fmax=8 9. tan i = mg = n m( m g )
θ
fmax=8 & i = z ^a given n = tan zh
mg
Q 5 F
fmax=9
10. Initially frictional force is up the plane the gradually

First block ‘Q’ will move and P will Q decreases to zero and then directed downward.
0
move with ‘Q’ so by FBD taking ‘P’ 0 Hence (c)
and ‘Q’ as system P 4
11. amax of block a = 2m/s2
4

F-9 = 0 &F=9N
VT after 1 sec = 5m/s
4. 4kg block is moving due to friction and maximum The block continue its motion until both move
friction force is 8 N. together
5 = 0 + 2t
So acceleration = 84 = 2m/s2 = amax
& t = 2.5 sec
Slipping will start at when Q has +ve acceleration
equal to maximum acceleration of P i.e. 2m/s2 . 12. N = T sin 30c = T .....(1)
2

F - 17 = 5 # 2 & F = 27 N T mg 2
sin 90c = sin 120c & T = 3 mg .....(2)
4. Limiting friction between A & B = 90N
mg

Limiting friction between B & C = 80N ` N=
3

Limiting friction between C & ground = 60N The friction force between A and B is zero

Since limiting friction is least between C and ground, mg
` mg = n
slipping will occur at first between C and ground. 3
This will occur when F = 60 N. n= 3
5. F.B.D. of man and 13. mg = nR = ]2mg 5Fm
plank are 2
For plank be at & mg = n 5 F
rest, applying
` F = 2c
5 mg m
Newton’s second
n
law to plank along 14. Finally both move with common velocity
the incline m A V0
Vc = m A +

Mg sin α = f .....(1) mB
VA = V0 - ngt .....(1)

and applying Newton’s second law to man along the
incline
VB = 0 + µgt .....(2)
mg sin a + f = ma .....(2) 15. They have common acceleration upto certain time

a = g sin a b1 + m l down the incline

M at

ac = M + m
6. Let the value of ‘a’ be increased from zero. As ] M + mg
long as a a # ng , there shall be no relative motion
` after t = α µs g
between m1 or m2 and platform, that is, m1 and m2 ` acceleration of 1st block constant, and that of
shall move with acceleration a. long block 2 increases linearly.

As a 2 ng the acceleration of m1 and m2 shall
become µg each. 16. T + N N1
Hence at all instants the velocity of m1 and m2 shall m
M
be same
` The spring shall always remain in natural length. Mg N + mg
7. mg sin i $ n ^mg - mg cos ih
T = nN1 = n ^ N + mg h
θ θ θ θ
2 sin 2 cos 2 $ µ2 sin 2 2 & cot 2 $ µ
T = n ^ Mg - T + mg h

8. f + F1 = mg n ] M + mg g
mg &T=

& f = mg - 2 1+n
5.10 Physics
17. Using FBD
& µ = tan α .....(2)

From (1) & (2) i = a

F = 4nmg
28. Frictional force on the wedge
1 1
18. ^ fl h1 = 15N, ^ fl h2 = 15N ^ fl h3 = 6N f = 2 mg sin 2i = 2 2 # 10 sin 120c = 5 3 N

` Hence first slipping starts at ground 29. N = mg sin 30c + ng cos 30c

^ h
19. N sin i # nN1 nmg
f = nN = 2 1+ 3 ..... (1)
mg cos i. sin i # n ^2mg + mg cos2 i h
1
N
mg cos 30c = mg sin 30c + f ..... (2)
sin i cos i
n$
2 + cos2 i
From (1) & (2)
1 1 θ
. 3 -1
`n$
2 2 1
= 5 = 0.2 N
n=
3 +1
2+1
2
2mg
30. R = f2 + N2
20. ` Rc = ma
31. The free body diagram of the block is

` fc = nRc = nma
21. VA = V0 - ngt ..... (1)
N is the normal reaction exerted by
inclined plane on the block.

VB = V0 - ngt ..... (2)

From (1) & (2) V = V0 - ngt
Applying Newton’s second law to the block along
and normal to the incline.
22. a = ∝1 g ` F - ∝2 ] M + mg ^∝1 + ∝1 hg

mg sin 45c = T cos 45c + nN ..... (1)
` = ] M + mg^∝1 + ∝1 hg
F

N = mg cos 45c + T sin 45c ..... (2)
23. If they move together a = 2m/s2

Solving we get

For 3kg block

n = 1/2
10 - 0.1 ]5 g]10g + f = 3 # 2


so any value of n greater than 0.5 is answer
f = 1N < ^ fs hmax = 4N

32. Apply Newton’s law for the system

So blocks move together
mc g - n K mB g - m A g = ]m A + mB + mC g a

24. For A, T1 - 4µmg = 4ma & Pg = T1 = Pa .....(1)
0. 4 ^ - h
mC g - n K mB g - m A g

For B,
a= m A + mB + mC =- 0.4 &
T1 - ^4∝mg + 5 ∝mg h = ma & Qg = T2 = Qa .....(2)
Block C will retard and comes to rest after some
from (1) & (2) P
= 2.32 time
Q
25. ar between A and B is = 34 ng 33. Applying NLM on the part that moves through slit.

` sl = ur t + 1 ar t2
T2 - f - T1 = 0
2
3l 1 b 3 l 2 l
& 8 = 2 4 ng t & t = ng
For 4 kg mass 40 - T2 = 4a
10
For 2 kg mass T1 - 20 = 2a
26. f - 2 = 1 # 1 & f = 6N
2

c10. 3 m + 36
Fc = N 2 + f 2 =

on solving 10 = 6a
2

= 75 + 36 = 10.5 N 5 2

a = 3 m/s
27. Case:(1) n = tan i .....(1)
Tension in the string will not be same throughout,
N
Case:(2) f due to the friction force exerted by the slit.
^mg + mah sin a = n ^mg + mah cos a
α
70
= T1 = 3 N
mg tan θ
 Friction 5.11
34. The breaking force is insufficient, so the block will
N = 50 - 20 = 30N
not slide.

Limiting friction force = nN = 12 N and applied
force in horizontal direction is less than the limiting
friction force, therefore the block will not slide

for equilibrium in horizontal direction, friction force
must be equal to 10N.
f

θ

So friction force =100 N 53°

and acceleration will be 20m/ sec only 2

6i + 8j

Net contact force on the block =
= ]200g2 + ]100g2 = 100 5 N
From the top view, it is clear that i = 37° i.e. 127c
from the x-axis that is the direction of the friction

All mechanical interactions are electromagnetic at force. It is opposite to the applied force.
microscopic level.

Contact force = N2 + f2 = 10 10 N
35.

37.

There are two possibilities;

(i) 100 kg block slides down the incline F1 = mg sin i + nmg cos i


(ii) 100 kg block slides up the incline F2 = mg sin i - nmg cos i

Case (i)
But mg = w

n = tan z

sin φ
F1 = w d sin θ + cos φ cos θ n


F1 = w sin ^θ + φ h sec φ
we get, 100 g sin 37 - n ^100 gh cos 37 - mg = 0
&

100 # 3 4
Now F1 = 2F2

& m= - 0.3 # 100 # 5 = 36 kg
mg sin i + nmg cos i = 2 ^mg sin i - nmg cos ih
5


Case (ii)
sin i + n cos i = 2 sin i - 2n cos i

& 3n cos i - sin i & tan i = 3n
tan i = 3 tan z
38. mg sin i + mg cos i = ma

mg = 100 g sin 37 + ng cos 37 # 100

a = g sin i + g cos i
100 # 3 100 # 4 #

& m= + 0.3
= 10 b 5 + 5 l = 14 m/ sec2
5 5 3 4

= 84 kg
3mg
To remain in equilibrium, m d 636, 84@ kg
If fr = mg sin i = mg # 53 = 5 < fr max


fr < fr max nt
sta

therefore, m can be 37 and 83 kg. c on fr
v=
3mg 4mg
36.
N 20 N
= 5 < 5 hence insect θ
sin
mg
82 + 62 can move with constant
velocity
mg = 50 N
5.12 Physics
39. Case I
For equilibrium

Since, no relative motion
T + f = mg (or) T = mg + f

Fr is friction between A and B
for f = 0
& F = M ] M0 + m + M g
F1 - Ff Ff mg

a= = 3
5

Case II mF

For f = fl = µ M + M + m
0
Ff F2 - Ff Ff 8 µmF

a= 5 = = 3 & F1 (max) = 3 Ff MF
5
M + M + m + M + M + m = mg
0 0

Clearly; F1 (max) > F2 (max)
mg (M + M0 + m)
F1 (max) 5
& F=
and F =3 M + nm
2 (max)

40. Suppose blocks A and B move together. Applying nmF

For f = fl = M + M + m
NLM on C, A + B, and D 0

MF nmF
60 - T = 6a M + M0 + m = mg + M + M0 + m

T - 18 - T' = 9a
mg (M + M0 + m)
T' - 10 = 1a
F= M - nm

Solving a = 2m/s2 45. Given both move with same acceleration

To check slipping between A and B, we have to find Retardation of wedge is ng
friction force in this case. If it is less than limiting d) ` frictional force = ] M + mg ng

static friction, then there will be no slipping between
A and B. c) ` N sin i = ma = m ^ngh


Applying NLM on A & N = mg 1 + n2
V2
T - f = 6 ( 2)
b) ` s = 2n0 g

as T = 48N
a) N cos i = mg
f = 36N
N sin i = m (ng)


and fs = 42 N hence A and B move together ` tan i = n

and T' = 12N
46. fl = µ1 m1 g
41. By verification of each case.
1

fl = ∝2 ^m1 + m2 h g
42. mB g sin i # ^T + nmB cos ih ..... (1) 2

& ∝1 > ∝2 m1 will not slide on m2

T # ^ m A g sin i + nmB g cos i h = m A a
..... (2)

` Frictional force on m1 is backward direction

For a = 0, (1) + (2)
` g sin i ]mB - m Ag # ng cos i ]2mB g 47.
m -m
` n $ B2m A tan i
B

if m A = mB & f = 0
43. a) n1 ma $ mg
g
If T = 0 , the blocks must be in equilibrium
& a A $ n1

µMg $ Ma0 a0 # µg

b) aB # n2 g g

µma0 $ mg a0 $ µ

c) From A and B it is observed that not possible to
equilibrate A and B simultaneously
If µ < 1 then its not possible.

F
T # mg , block m has a tendency to slip down and
44. a = M + M
0+m therefore T > µMg
` T = MF

Similarly (d) is also true.
M + M0 + m
 Friction 5.13
48. When mg < nMg & blocks are stationary 60. N = 100 cos 37c = 80N
& T = mg when mg > nMg & The blocks are

` f1 = 40N & Fv = 60N & mg = 10N
under motion
60 - 50

= 10m/s2
` acc =

mg - T = ma & T < mg 1
61. fl = 0.9 # 2 # 10 = 18N
49. N sin i - f = mA .....(1)

ma = 16 N

For A = 0 N = mg cos i

` the block move with lorry acceleration
1

` f = mg sin i cos i = 2 mg sin2 i
62. VA = 16 - 4.t ..... (1)

f is max when 2i = 90c
VB = 2t ..... (2)

& i = 45c & 16 - 4t = 4t
50. If all surface are smooth & 8t = 16
mg & t = 2 sec
a = M + m & m0 is stationary
63. fl = 12N
51. T = mg
` asystem = 3m/s2 (left)
T # n ] M + m0g g
` f-2 = 2#3
m f = 8N
&n = M+m
0
64. f1 = 0.9 # 20 = 18N
52. mg - T = ma
T - n ] M + m0g g = Ma
F = 22 + 22 = 2 2 N

6m - n ]m0 + M g@ g
` Friction force f = F = 2 2 N

& M+m =a 65. fl = 6N
53-55. ma = 5N
f = k (Vred) = k (Vm + Vb)
Since fl > ma
` Both move together
mg sin i - f = m b dtm l
dV

66. Both move with same acceleration

For 1 1
a = 2 m/s2, f = 10 # 2 = 5N

dV
Vm = 0, dtm = 0, mg sin i = kVb & Vb =
mg sin i 67. amax = 5m/s2 ` T = ]3mg 5 ..... (1)
k
10 # 0.5
MD g - T = MD 5 ..... (2)

k= 10 = 0. 5

From (1) & (2) 5MD = 15m & MD = 3m
mg sin i - k ]Vm + Vbg = m b dtm l
dV
- 50 50 - 18 32
68. a A = 10010 = 5m/s2, aB = 8 = 8 = 4m/s2
` 5 - 0.5 ]Vm + Vbg = m b dtm l
dV
f N
1 t 69. a = g tan i
dV ma
& # V m =- 0.5
# dt & t = 2 ln 2 mg θ
"n1 = 0, n2 = 0.1 ,
m
2 0
70. FBD in (case(i))
56. Fnet = ma ^ - h O m 2N

f a 1 kg N = 10 1 kg N = 10

θ N A B

57. mg sin θ From FBD

mg m 2N mg

mg cos θ
While friction’s work is to oppose the relative
58. a = (0.4) x 10 = 4m/s motion and here if friction comes then relative
v=0+4x2=8 motion will start and without friction there is no
3nmg - nmg relative motion so both the block move together
59. a = m = 2ng with same acceleration and friction will not come.
5.14 Physics
1 f
A B

A B

mg mg & a A = aB = 10m/s 2
f
1 0
10 10
A B

by system ]20 - 1g = 2 # a & a = 19

10 10

(ii) 1 kg 1 kg
2
1 2 = 9.5 m/s
0 10 1
10 10

Friction between wall and block A oppose relative
motion since wall is stationary so friction wants to
(iv) A B

10
stop block A also and maximum friction will act
1
between wall and block while there is no friction 10 10

between block. aA =
11 - 10
= 1 m/s2
1

Note: Friction between wall and block will oppose 10 - 1
relative motion between wall and block only it will aB = 1 = 9 m/s2
not do anything for two block motion.
71.
1

A B

10 10

a A = 9m/s2, aB = 10m/s2
N2 cos θ + f = mg
1 f

N1 = N2 sin θ
A B 72. mB g sin i # ^T + nmB cos ih ..... (1)

(iii)
T # ^m A g sin i + nm A g cos ih = m A a
10 f
..... (2)
10 10

Friction between wall and block will be applied
For a = 0, (1) + (2)
maximum equal to 1N but maximum friction
` g sin i ]mB - m Ag # ng cos i ]mB + m Ag
available between block A and B is 10 N but if this
will be there then relative motion will increase while m -m
` n $ mB + m A tan i
B A
friction is to oppose relative motion. So friction will
come less than 10 so friction will be f that will be
if m A = mB & f = 0
static.

1. Limiting friction 2.
fs = m mg cos 45°
1
= 0.6 × 10 × 10 ×
2
= 30 2 N = 42.43 N

When block starts to slide
downward, the downward force on the block
F = 3 + mg sin 45°
As the system is at rest
1 ` = 50N ` T - µ ]m + 10gg = 0
T
= 3 + 10 × 10 × = 3 + 50 2
2
& 50 = 0.15 (m + 10) 10
= 73.71 N > fs
5
Block will not move if P = F – f
& 0.15 = m + 10 & m = 33.33 – 10
P = 73.71 – 42.43 = 31.28 N
& m = 23.33 kg Consider it 27.3 kg
 Friction 5.15
3. Normal force on block A due to B and between B
a2 = g sin i - ng cos i
and wall will be F . 1
` s2 = 2 a2 t22 .....(ii)

Friction on A due to B = 20N

From Eq. (i) and (ii)
` Friction on B due to wall = 100 + 20 = 120 N
1 1

2 a1 t12 = 2 a2 t22
dy
or a1 t12 = a2 ]nt1g2 ]` t2 = nt1g
4. dx = tan i = n in limiting case

dy 3x2 1
dx = 6 = 2
or a1 = n2 a2

& x = ! 1 a g sin i - ng cos i 1

or a12 = = 2
g sin i n
1

So y = 6 g sin 45c = ng cos 45c 1
g sin 45c = 2
5. F1 = mg sin i + ng cos i n
1
F2 = mg sin i - nmg cos i or 1 - n k = 2
n
F1 sin i + n cos i 1
= or n k = 1 - 2
F2 sin i - n cos i n
7. According to work-energy theorem
tan i + n 2n + n 3n
( ` Initial and final speed are zero)
= = n =3
tan i - n 2n - n

` Work done by friction+work done by gravity
6. When friction is absent =0
- ^nmg cos zh 2 + mgl l sin z = 0

a1 = g sin i l

1

` s1 = 2 a1 t12 .....(i)
& n cos z = 2 sin z

When friction is present
& n = 2 tan z

1. Block will not slip if to slide down and as tan i > n , minimum friction
]m1 + m2gg sin i # n m2 g cos i
ng cos i will act in positive direction. When

3 sin i # b 10 l]2g cos i

3 magnitude P is increased from P1 to P2 . Frictio

reverse its direction from positive to negative and
1
tan i # 5 & i # 11.5c becomes maximum i.e. nmg cos i in opposite
(P) i = 5c friction is static f = ]m1 + m2gg sin i
direction.
(Q) i = 10c friction is static f = ]m1 + m2gg sin i
4. a A = g 6sin 45 - n A cos 45@ =
8

(R) i = 15c friction is kinetic f = nm2 g cos i 2

aB = g 6sin 45 - n B cos 45@ =

7

(S) i = 20c friction is kinetic f = nm2 g cos i
2
2. Statement-1 is also practical experience based; so it
a AB = a A - aB = g ^n B - n Ah cos 45 =
1
is true.
2

Statement-2 is also true but is not the correct
s AB = 2
explanation of statement-1. Correct explanation
is ‘’there is increase in normal reaction when the
Now
1
s AB = 2 a AB t2 &
1
2=2#
1 2
t
object is pushed and there is decrease in normal 2
reaction when object is pulled”.
& t = 2 sec .

Again S A = 2 a A = 2 a A t2 = 2 d n 4 & s A
3. P1 = mg sin i - nmg cos i 1 1 1 8

2

P2 = mg sin i + nmg cos i

=8 2m

Initially block has tendency
5.16 Physics
5. 1

n= 2

N = 10n

N=5

8.
F 3

N = mg + F sin 60 = 3 # 10 + 2 .....(i)
cos
F 60 = nN .....(ii)
Solving from the frame of disc

1 #c
10 3 + 2 m
F F 3
& 2 =
2 3
F F F
& 2 = 5 + 4 & 4 = 5 & F = 20N

6.


Let acceleration of the block relative to the disc is a
then

25 m cos i - nN = m a .....(i)

Now , thee will be two normal as there are two
contacts (i) Horizontal and (ii) vertical
3
f = 0 , if sin i = cos i & i = 45c
NH = 25m # sin i = 25 # m 5 = 15 m

f towards Q, sin i > cos i & i > 45c

NV = mg = 10 m

f towards P, sin i < cos i & f = nNH + nNV = 5 ]15 mg + 5 ]10 mg

i < 45c 2 2


= 10 m
7.
m ]25 cos i - 10g

from (i) we get
m a =

= 10 m/ sec2

mg nmg

F1 = +
2 2

mg nmg

F2 = -
2 2

F1 = 3F2

1 + n = 3 - 3n

4n = 2