FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY JUNE 2021

INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINEARTS

Professional Education and Training

The Architect’s Education
Present State of Architecture Education
The chronology of events that lead to the form and character of current architecture education in the Philippines follows:
1900 Foundation of the Liceo de Manila, a private institution offering academic course for maestro de obras and
headed by Leon Ma. Guerrero.
1901 Foundation of the Academia de Arquitectura y Agrimensura de Filipinas, a professional organization merging
the practitioners of architecture, civil engineering and surveying. This organization was later renamed
Academia de Ingenieria, Arquitectura y Agrimensura de Filipinas
1904 The above-mentioned Academia merged with the Liceo and established the Escuela de Ingeniera y
Arquitectura, which offered a five-year course in architecture and civil engineering.
1905 The Escuela ceased to operate after its first year of inception.
1908 The above-named Escuela was reorganized and reopened its doors to students but this time offered a three-
year course for architecture, civil engineering and electrical engineering.
1912 The Escuela was closed.
1925 The Mapua Institute of Technology was founded. It offered, aside from engineering courses, a four-year degree
course leading to a degree in architecture.
1930 The University of Santo Tomas (founded in 1911) opened its School of Fine Arts and Architecture.
1941 Adamson University opened its school of architecture.
The Philippine College of Design was founded. However, the Pacific War interrupted its operation and never
reopened after the war.
1946 The Manila-centric education in architecture was challenged by the Cebu Institute of Technology by the
opening of its school of architecture, the first architecture school outside Manila.
1947 The National University instituted its school of architecture.
1949 The Mindanao Colleges established its school of architecture, the first architecture school in Mindanao (it
closed in 1953).

The following school opened their school of architecture in:

1952 Far Eastern Air Transport, Inc. (FEATI)

1953 University of San Carlos (Cebu City)

1954 Far Eastern University

1955 Manuel L. Quezon University

Francisco Colleges

1956 University of the Philippines

1960 University of San Agustin (Iloilo City)

1962 Saint Louis University (Baguio City)

1970 University of Mindanao (Davao City)

Policies, Standards, and Guidelines for the Bachelor of Science in Architecture

Architectural education is concerned with producing graduates with comprehensive knowledge, appropriate skills and a
professional attitude in the practice of architecture together with their total growth and development within the framework of
democratic ideals and values and the promotion of sustainable development and conservation of architectural heritage

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within the global context, thus making the architecture curriculum relevant to the present needs and latest international
trends.
Architecture Education Policies, Standards and Guidelines (PSG)

• Define the competency standards applicable to architectural discipline and expected of a graduate of an
architecture program.
• Provide guidance towards an outcomes-based architecture education.
• Determine the required minimum set of learning outcomes for architecture program as the expression of minimum
standard.
• Determine and prescribe the minimum credit unit requirements that will lead to the attainment of architecture
program outcome.
Authority to Operate
All private higher education institutions intending to offer BS Architecture must first secure proper authority from the
commission in accordance with existing rules and regulations.
State Universities and Colleges and local colleges and universities should likewise strictly adhere to the provisions in this
policies and standards.
Specific Professions/careers/occupation for graduates after meeting the required qualifications:

• For Professionals
o Architectural Design, Pre-design services for architecture
o Housing
o Physical Planning
o Urban Design
o Community Architecture
o Facility Planning
o Construction Technology
o Construction Management
o Project Management
o Building Administration and Maintenance
o Real Estate Development
o Architectural Education
o Research and Development
o Restoration / Conservation
o Architectural Interiors
o Expert Witness Service
o Design-build Services
• For Graduates:
o Architectural drafting
o CADD operator
o Project Coordinator
o Project Supervisor/Inspector
o Project Estimate
o Rendering
o Scale Modelling
Architectural Board Exam
Requirements

• NSO / PSA Birth Certificate

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• NSO / PSA Marriage Contract (for married female applicants)

• Transcript of Records with scanned picture and Remarks "For Board Examination Purposes"
• (First Timers & Repeaters)
• College Diploma (First Timer)
• PTR, IAPOA number of architect Mentor (First Timer)
• Valid NBI Clearance
• (First Timers & Repeaters)
• BS ARCHITECTURE - Two (2) years of diversified training and experience after graduation
Guidelines for Filling-Up the Logbook on Diversified Experience for Architects Licensure Examination:

• Section 3 (29) of Rule I of Board Res. No. 07, Series of 2004, known as the “IRR of the Architecture Act of 2004”,
defined “Diversified Architectural Experience” as “post baccalaureate, pre-licensure experience of two (2) years
required of a graduate of architecture prior to taking the licensure examination, consisting of a variation of
experiences in the different phases of architectural service”. A graduate may immediately undergo Diversified
Architectural Training with a Mentor/s of his/her choice after his/her graduation.
• Trainees must secure the logbook from the UAP Secretariat or School where he/she graduated (one logbook per
candidate).
• The Mentor shall accomplish the DT form 002
• After collecting all the accomplished DT Form 002 from his/her mentor/s, the trainee must accomplish the DT Form
001
• The trainee submits the DT Form 001 & DT Form 002 and the Architect’s Affidavit together with the required
supporting documents enumerated in the DT Form 001 to the PRC for evaluation.

Signatories of the Logbook

• the signature of the school heads/ deans on the LDEA should only be optional since the LDEA is not an academic
document but a professional practice document.

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• since the LDEA is a professional practice document (and should an additional certification box still be legally
required for some reason or another), the PRBoA believes that said box should instead be signed by the president
(or other responsible officer) of a chapter of the integrated and accredited professional organization (IAPOA) having
jurisdiction over the prospective examinee’s place of residence or place of work, not of the school heads/ deans
whom the examinees have probably not interacted with during the 2-year apprenticeship period; another possibility
is the involvement of IAPOA officers with oversight functions on the UAP Graduate Auxiliary (UAPGA) organization
• as confirmed with an immediate past member of the PRBoA, the signature of the school heads and deans appear
on the LDEA only to certify the school of origin of the examinee and has absolutely nothing to do with the work
experience being separately attested to by the mentor registered and licensed architects (RLAs) i.e. the primary
entities in the LDEA whose signatures on the forms and affidavits are more appropriate for the document; please
note that the foregoing statement is not a PRBoA attempt to diminish the professional status/ importance of the
school heads/ deans, but only for the PRBoA to unequivocable state that the signature box for school heads/ deans
may actually have no place in the LDEA, unless of course, the school heads/ deans themselves are the certifying
mentor-RLAs; for the PRBoA, the TOR is sufficient in form and substance for the purpose of stating/ establishing
where the prospective examinee was schooled
On Diversified Experience

• the two (2.0)-year diversified training period is not an academic activity to be supervised by the school heads/
deans; moreover, the law does not grant the school heads/ deans the privilege of passing over the statements of
work experiences attested to by the mentor-RLAs; even if such a privilege were given by the IAPOA or by past
PRBoAs, the fact that a separate certifying entity (apart from the mentor-RLA) has no basis in law (unless proven
otherwise) makes such arrangements, if already practiced, verily null and void from the very beginning (void ab
initio), and therefore potentially illegal;
• E.O. 292 Book II Chapter 1 Sec. 1. (8) states that “The powers expressly vested in any branch of the Government
shall not be exercised by, nor delegated to, any other branch of the Government, except to the extent authorized
by the Constitution”; under the existing regime of professional regulatory laws, the review and assessment of the
prospective examinees’ submitted documents is a regulatory function only of the national government and not by
the private sector nor by lesser government offices; in fact and in practice, it is actually the PRC that scrutinizes
these examinees’ documents before it reaches the PRBoA
• the potentially unauthorized third (3rd) party evaluation being done by some schools as well as the mandated
interview and/ or review prior to the ALE are not required under the law nor countenanced under the IRR of R.A.
No. 9266, and thus verily constitute additional impositions upon the prospective examinees i.e. also possibly
constituting acts of school heads/ deans (as individual persons) or of the schools (as juridical persons) which may
be readily challenged by any prospective examinee as unconstitutional and utterly bereft of legal basis, making the
challenged party/parties administratively, civilly and criminally liable under several valid and subsisting statutes;
• the matter of review before the ALE is entirely optional on the part of the prospective examinee and was apparently
never a mandatory requirement (unless proven otherwise) under the present architecture law nor under the
predecessor laws i.e. R.A. 1581 of 1956 and R.A. No. 545 of 1950, nor under their respective IRRs nor under the
derivative regulations approved by the PRC; that the PRC does not regulate review schools/ centers is already a
clear indication as to the potentially unnecessary nature of such an exercise; also, the prospective examinees are
afforded by the state ample chances of taking and retaking the ALE since each ALE is also a learning experience
for the unsuccessful examinees; to deny a first time ALE taker the right to take the ALE means forever depriving
that person a chance to pass the ALE;
• if the schools (and school heads/ deans) really feel that their students/ graduates may be sub-par, the solution is
not to let the prospective examinees graduate in the first place; after granting them their B.S. Architecture degrees,
the school heads/ deans and schools should not take steps to bar the prospective examinees from taking the ALE
later (or long after they graduate and finish their 2-year apprenticeship period); this continuing practice can only
help breed more illegal practitioners from the ranks of disenfranchised architecture graduates; please also note
that the PRBoA has already drafted a separate resolution (likewise circulated in the uapnational e-group for

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comment) to help curb the illegal practice of architecture by such entities who openly albeit unknowingly aid
unregistered persons and professionals who are non-RLAs;
• Sec. 13 (c) of R.A. No. 9266 as well as Sec. 13 (c) Rule III of its IRR, state that the specific record of diversified
architectural experience shall be for at least two (2) years or equivalent i.e. a minimum of three thousand eight
hundred and forty hours (3,840.0 hrs); as such, if the minimum 3,840.0 hours were logged by the prospective
examinee over say a 1.5 year period after graduation or even much sooner (assuming he/she works double shift
and/or even on weekends), and is thereafter duly certified by a qualified mentor-RLA, the prospective examinee
need not wait two (2) full years before taking the local ALE; and
• school policies (whether the institutions are public or private) can only subscribe to the dictates of law and can
never go beyond or against its spirit and intent; insofar as the requirements for taking the ALE are concerned, we
can neither add nor take away from what is clearly and plainly stated in R.A. No. 9266, its IRR and the derivative
regulations approved by the PRC pursuant to said law.
• as to whether the PRBoA will be “considering the experience acquired abroad or xxx their (the prospective
examinees’) prior employment in the Philippines xxx for their xxx work experience?”, the PRBoA’s answer is in the
affirmative, especially in cases where all 3,840.0 hours were loggedabroad, provided a Philippine mentor-RLA who
knows the prospective examinee certifies the stated work experience in accordance with PRBoA Resolution No.
2007-06, series of 2007 dated 13 November 2007 (reference Annex 1).
Labor Code of the Philippines - Apprenticeship
a) "Apprenticeship" means practical training on the job supplemented by related theoretical instruction.
(b) An "apprentice" is a worker who is covered by a written apprenticeship agreement with an individual employer or any of
the entities recognized under this Chapter.
(c) An "apprenticeable occupation" means any trade, form of employment or occupation which requires more than three (3)
months of practical training on the job supplemented by related theoretical instruction.
(d) "Apprenticeship agreement" is an employment contract wherein the employer binds himself to train the apprentice and
the apprentice in turn accepts the terms of training. ART. 59. Qualifications of Apprentice. To qualify as an apprentice, a
person shall:
(a) Be at least fourteen (14) years of age;60
(b) Possess vocational aptitude and capacity for appropriate tests; and
(c) Possess the ability to comprehend and follow oral and written instructions.
Trade and industry associations may recommend to the Secretary of Labor appropriate educational requirements
for different occupations.
ART. 60. Employment of Apprentices. Only employers in the highly technical industries may employ apprentices and only
in apprenticeable occupations approved by the Minister of Labor and Employment.
ART. 61. Contents of Apprenticeship Agreements. Apprenticeship agreements, including wage rates of apprentices, shall
conform to the rules issued by the Minister of Labor and Employment. The period of apprenticeship shall not exceed six
months. Apprenticeship agreements providing for wage rates below the legal minimum wage, which in no case shall start
below 75 per cent of the applicable minimum wage, may be entered into only in accordance with apprenticeship programs
duly approved by the Minister of Labor and Employment. The Ministry shall develop standard model programs of
apprenticeship.
ART. 62. Signing of Apprenticeship Agreement. Every apprenticeship agreement shall be signed by the employer or his
agent, or by an authorized representative of any of the recognized organizations, associations or groups and by the
apprentice. An apprenticeship agreement with a minor shall be signed in his behalf by his parent or guardian or, if the latter
is not available, by an authorized representative of the Department of Labor, and the same shall be binding during its

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lifetime. Every apprenticeship agreement entered into under this Title shall be ratified by the appropriate apprenticeship
committees, if any, and a copy thereof shall be furnished both the employer and the apprentice.
ART. 63. Venue of Apprenticeship Programs. Any firm, employer, group or association, industry organization or civic group
wishing to organize an apprenticeship program may choose from any of the following apprenticeship schemes as the training
venue for apprentice:
(a) Apprenticeship conducted entirely by and within the sponsoring firm, establishment or entity;
(b) Apprenticeship entirely within a Department of Labor and Employment training center or other public training institution;
(c) Initial training in trade fundamentals in a training center or other institution with subsequent actual work participation
within the sponsoring firm or entity during the final stage of training.
ART. 64. Sponsoring of Apprenticeship Program. Any of the apprenticeship schemes recognized herein may be undertaken
or sponsored by a single employer or firm or by a group or association thereof or by a civic organization. Actual training of
apprentices may be undertaken:
(a) In the premises of the sponsoring employer in the case of individual apprenticeship programs;
(b) In the premises of one or several designated firms in the case of programs sponsored by a group or association of
employers or by a civic organization; or
(c) In a Department of Labor and Employment training center or other public training institution.
ART. 65. Investigation of Violation of Apprenticeship Agreement. Upon complaint of any interested person or upon its own
initiative, the appropriate agency of the Department of Labor and Employment or its authorized representative shall
investigate any violation of an apprenticeship agreement pursuant to such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by
the Secretary of Labor and Employment.
ART. 68. Aptitude Testing of Applicants. Consonant with the minimum qualifications of apprentice-applicants required under
this Chapter, employers or entities with duly recognized apprenticeship programs shall have primary responsibility for
providing appropriate aptitude tests in the selection of apprentices. If they do not have adequate facilities for the purpose,
the Department of Labor and Employment shall perform the service free of charge.
ART. 71. Deductibility of Training Costs. An additional deduction from taxable income of one-half (1/2) of the value of labor
training expenses incurred for developing the productivity and efficiency of apprentices shall be granted to the person or
enterprise organizing an apprenticeship program: Provided, That such program is duly recognized by the Department of
Labor and Employment: Provided, further, That such deduction shall not exceed ten (10%) percent of direct labor wage:
and Provided, finally, That the person or enterprise who wishes to avail himself or itself of this incentive should pay his
apprentices the minimum wage.
ART. 72. Apprentices Without Compensation. The Secretary of Labor and Employment may authorize the hiring of
apprentices without compensation whose training on the job is required by the school or training program curriculum or as
requisite for graduation or board examination.
ART. 73. Learners Defined. 64 Learners are persons hired as trainees in semiskilled and other industrial occupations which
are non-apprenticeable and which may be learned through practical training on the job in a relatively short period of time
which shall not exceed three (3) months.
ART. 74. When Learners May Be Hired. Learners may be employed when no experienced workers are available, the
employment of learners is necessary to prevent curtailment of employment opportunities, and the employment does not
create unfair competition in terms of labor costs or impair or lower working standards.
ART. 75. Learnership Agreement. Any employer desiring to employ learners shall enter into a learnership agreement with
them, which agreement shall include:

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(a) The names and addresses of the learners;

(b) The duration of the learnership period, which shall not exceed three (3) months;
(c) The wages or salary rates of the learners which shall begin at not less than seventy-five percent (75%) of the applicable
minimum wage; and
(d) A commitment to employ the learners if they so desire, as regular employees upon completion of the learnership. All
learners who have been allowed or suffered to work during the first two (2) months shall be deemed regular employees if
training is terminated by the employer before the end of the stipulated period through no fault of the learners.
The learnership agreement shall be subject to inspection by the Secretary of Labor and Employment or his duly authorized
representative.
Promulgation of the Syllabi for the Subjects in the Architecture Licensure Examination
The general coverage of the examination is divided into three major areas with their corresponding weights as follows:

• History and theory of architecture; principles of planning; architectural practice (30%)

• HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
1. Introduction
2. Pre-Historic Architecture
3. Historic Styles of Architecture
a. Ancient architecture and the Western succession
b. Egyptian
c. West Asiatic
d. Greek
e. Roman
f. Early Christian
g. Byzantine
h. Romanesque Architecture in Europe
i. Gothic Architecture in Europe
j. Renaissance Architecture in Europe
k. Nineteenth and Twentieth Century in Great Britain
l. Architecture of Africa, Australia, and New Zealand
m. Nineteenth and Twentieth Century architecture in Continental Europe
n. Architecture of the Americas
4. Architecture in Asia and the Pacific Region
5. Architecture in the Philippines
a. Architectural legacies
b. Architectural preservation, conservation, and restoration
c. Pillars of Philippine Architecture
• THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE
1. Introduction
2. Elements of Architecture and Basic Principles of Design
3. Design Perception
4. Tropical Architecture
5. Masters of Architecture
• ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE
1. Certification of Architects and Standards of Professional Practice
2. Building Standards, Laws, and Regulations
3. Aspects of Architectural Practice
• THEORY AND PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING

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1. General Principles of Planning

2. Urban and Regional Planning and Urban Design
3. Housing and Human Settlements Planning
4. The Art and Science of Site Planning and Landscape Architecture
• Structural design; building materials and construction; utilities (30%)
• STRUCTURAL DESIGN
1. Timber
2. Reinforced concrete
3. Structural steel
4. Composite structures
5. Advanced construction methods
• BUILDING MATERIALS AND METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION
1. Civil works
2. Carpentry and joinery
3. Concrete and masonry
4. Sheet metal and tinsmithry
5. Structural steel
6. Concrete and reinforced concrete
7. Waterproofing, damproofing, and insulation
8. Glass and glazing
9. Painting and varnishing
10. Fenestration
11. Hardware
12. Specialized works (bank vaults; signage; etc.)
• UTILITIES
1. Sanitary and Plumbing Systems and Equipment
2. Mechanical Systems
3. Electrical and Other Power Systems
4. Acoustics and Illumination
5. Disaster Prevention and Protection Systems; Security Systems
6. Communication Systems
7. High-tech Systems
• Architectural design and site planning (40%)
• Residential
1. Residential houses and subdivisions, apartment, housing for special groups (low-cost housing, housing for
the aged etc.)
2. Lodging houses, etc.
• Commercial and Business
1. Business (office, bank, hotel, etc.)
2. Commercial (department store, market, retail store, etc.)
3. Mixed business-commercial or mixed business-residential
• Industrial and Agricultural
1. Large-scale industry (manufacturing, shipyard, etc.)
2. Small-scale industry (factory, cinema studio,etc.)
3. Mixed industrial-residential d. Industrial estate/agro-industrial establishment
• Public and Government
1. Educational and cultural (schools, research laboratory, public hall, library, museum, historical/ monumental
building/structures, etc.)
2. Health and medical (hospital/clinic, health fitness club, specialized medical center, etc.)

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3. Governmental and quasi-public (national or public building, police/fire stations, embassy/consulate,

penitentiary, etc.)
4. Parks and recreational (ecological/botanical gardens, theater, cinema, casino, beach resort, etc.)
5. Sports and athletics (sports plaza, stadium, gymnasium, golf course, tennis/basketball courts, billiard hall, etc.)
6. Religious and funerary (church, temple, mosque, monastery, convent, seminary, crematorium, memorial park,
cemetery, etc.)
• Facilities
1. Transportation (airport, seaport, railway station, terminal, port facilities, pier, etc.)
2. Service (power station, water treatment/filtering plant, sewerage, crematory, slaughterhouse, TV-Radio-
Telephone stations, newspaper plant, etc.)
3. Military (military camp, depot, etc.)
• Complex Projects (involving a combination of several buildings and structures in a given site or area).

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