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    Section B-Introduction To Crop Production

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    Daniel Dowding
    Crops are commonly grown to provide food, but also for other purposes like fuel, medicine, and horticulture. Plants can be classified as monocots or dicots based on seed and anatomical features. The document then describes key plant structures - roots have epidermis, cortex, endodermis and vascular tissue; monocot stems are soft while dicot stems are woody; monocot leaves are long and thin while dicot leaves vary in shape; and seeds contain an embryo and food store surrounded by a seed coat. Understanding plant anatomy is important for crop cultivation.

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    Section B-Introduction To Crop Production

    Uploaded by

    Daniel Dowding
    49 views3 pages
    Crops are commonly grown to provide food, but also for other purposes like fuel, medicine, and horticulture. Plants can be classified as monocots or dicots based on seed and anatomical features. The document then describes key plant structures - roots have epidermis, cortex, endodermis and vascular tissue; monocot stems are soft while dicot stems are woody; monocot leaves are long and thin while dicot leaves vary in shape; and seeds contain an embryo and food store surrounded by a seed coat. Understanding plant anatomy is important for crop cultivation.

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    Section B-introduction to crop production

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    Crops are commonly grown to provide food, but also for other purposes like fuel, medicine, and horticulture. Plants can be classified as monocots or dicots based on seed and anatomical features. The document then describes key plant structures - roots have epidermis, cortex, endodermis and vascular tissue; monocot stems are soft while dicot stems are woody; monocot leaves are long and thin while dicot leaves vary in shape; and seeds contain an embryo and food store surrounded by a seed coat. Understanding plant anatomy is important for crop cultivation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    49 views3 pages

    Section B-Introduction To Crop Production

    Uploaded by

    Daniel Dowding
    Crops are commonly grown to provide food, but also for other purposes like fuel, medicine, and horticulture. Plants can be classified as monocots or dicots based on seed and anatomical features. The document then describes key plant structures - roots have epidermis, cortex, endodermis and vascular tissue; monocot stems are soft while dicot stems are woody; monocot leaves are long and thin while dicot leaves vary in shape; and seeds contain an embryo and food store surrounded by a seed coat. Understanding plant anatomy is important for crop cultivation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Section B: Crop Production

    Anatomy and Physiology


    The uses of plants in Agriculture

     The most common use of plants in agriculture is to grow crops to provide food for people
    and animals.
     Sugarcane is now a popular component of biodiesel, so its food use has been reduced as it
    is now grown as a fuel.
     Crops are grown for medicine or cosmetics, for example, aloe vera, which is grown
    specifically for its calming, soothing properties
     Horticultural plants are grown for medicinal, therapeutic and recreational purposes
     The cultivation of horticultural plants provides employment and income for producers
    particularly plants such as orchids and roses, which can be marketed locally and exported

    Plant classification

    Plants can be classified into the following:

    Monocotyledonous plants (monocots) Dicotyledonous plants (dicots)


    Seeds have one cotyledon (seed leaf) and an Seeds have two cotyledons and an embryo
    embryo
    Fibrous root systems Tap root systems
    Stems with scattered vascular bundles Stems are cylindrical arrangement of vascular
    bundles
    Usually no cambium(cellular plant tissue) Cambium usually present in stems and roots
    present in the stem or root
    Long thing leaves with parallel veins Rounded, broader leaves with net-like
    arrangement of veins
    Flower parts in threes, e.g., three petals, Flower parts are numerous, often in fours or
    three stamens, grass flowers lack brightly fives e.g. five petals, five stamens obvious
    colored petals or sepals petals and sepals often brightly colored
    Mainly herbs and grasses, with few trees e.g. Herbs, shrubs and trees, e.g. cabbage, cotton,
    corn, rice, sugar cane, bamboo, orchids, ginger citrus

    The structure of plants

    To cultivate crops, a farmer needs to understand plant structure. Crops can be grown for their
    leaves (lettuce), leaf stalks (celery), stems (sugar cane), roots (cassava), flowers (cauliflower),
    fruits (bananas) and seeds (cocoa).
    Roots
    Dicot Roots

    The internal structure of a young dicot root is made up of


    four types of tissues:

     Epidermis: this is the single layer of cells on the


    outside of the root that protects the young root and
    absorbs water and mineral irons
     Cortex: this forms most of the young root tissue, with
    many unspecialized thin-walled cells
     Endodermis: this is the
    single layer of cells that controls the movement of soluble
    materials between the cortex and the vascular tissue
     Vascular tissue: this is a cylinder at the centre of the
    root, which is made up of several different types of cells
    i.e. xylem, phloem, and pericycle

    Stems
    Monocot stems are soft and non-woody, and are often
    green and carry out photosynthesis. Dicot stems are
    woody and are covered in a waterproof layer of bark.

    Leaves
    The leaves of monocots (for e.g. grasses) are long and thin
    with no definite midrib, but with parallel veins. The leaves
    of dicots vary in shape and arrangement, with a midrib and
    a network of smaller veins.

    Parts of a leaf
    Seeds
    A seed is surrounded by the seed coat or testa. A seed contains the embryo, which will develop
    into a young plant. It also contains a store of food for the embryo.

    Internal structure of dicot seed


    Internal structure of Monocot seed

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