Ideology of Pakistan

Ideology of pakistan
Ideolgy is the systematic body ofg concepts espacially about life or culture. It comes from divine
guidence or from great minds. It constitutes a system of human life including theories, objectives
and assertions of life. In a society. the individuals should have common ideology.
Ideology of Pakistan
The ideology of Pakistan took shape through an evolutionary process. Historical experience
provided the base; Allama Iqbal gave it a philosophical explanation; Quaid-i-Azam
translated it into a political reality; and the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan, by passing
Objectives Resolution in March 1949, gave it legal sanction. It was due to the realization of
the Muslims of South Asia that they are different from the Hindus that they demanded
separate electorates. However when they realized that their future in a 'Democratic India'
dominated by Hindu majority was not safe, they changed their demand to a separate state.
The ideology of Pakistan stemmed from the instinct of the Muslim community of South
Asia to maintain their individuality in the Hindu society. The Muslims believed that Islam
and Hinduism are not only two religions, but are two social orders that produced two
distinct cultures. There is no compatibility between the two. A deep study of the history of
this land proves that the differences between Hindus and Muslims are not confined to the
struggle for political supremacy but are also manifested in the clash of two social orders.
Despite living together for more than one thousand years, they continue to develop
different cultures and traditions. Their eating habits, music, architecture and script, all are
poles apart. The basis of the Muslim nationhood was neither territorial nor racial or
linguistic or ethnic rather they were a nation because they belonged to the same faith,
Islam. They demanded that the areas where they were in majority should be constituted
into a sovereign state, wherein they could order their lives in accordance with the teachings
of Holy Quran and Sunnah of Holy Prophet (PBUH). Evolution of 'Two Nation Theory'
Concept of Muslims as a Nation developed before the establishment of Pakistan. Pakistan
was the product of this concept of nationhood rather than Pakistan creating a concept of
nationhood. Retrospectively the Muslim nationalism emerged with the advent of Islam that
introduced new principles pertinent to every sphere of life. It pledged the redemption of the
humankind establishing a benign society based on Qur'anic teachings. The beginning of the
Muslim nationalism in the Sub-Continent may be attributed to the first Indian who
accepted Islam. The Arab traders had introduced the new religion, Islam, in the Indian
coastal areas. Muhammad bin Qasim was the first Muslim invader who conquered some
part of India and after that, Mahmud of Ghazna launched 17 attacks and opened the gate to
preach Islam. The Muslim sufi (saints) like Ali Hejveri, Miran Hussain Zanjani etc. entered
Sub-Continent. They, rejecting the vices in the Indian society, presented the pure practical
picture of the teachings of Islam and got huge conversions. Qutub-ud-Din Aibuk
permanently established Muslim dynasty in India that followed Sultanate and Mughal
dynasties. Thus a strong Muslim community had emerged in India who had its own way of
life, traditions, heroes, history and culture. Islam could not be absorbed in Hinduism.
Deen-e-Ilahi, Bakhti movements, etc. created reaction amongst the Muslim ulama to
preserve the pure Islamic character and save it from external onslaught. Role of Sheikh
Ahmad Sirhindi and others is noteworthy. Equality and social justice inspired conversions
to Islam. The British won over the Muslim rulers due to the industrial and scientific
developments and modern war strategy. The War of Independence (1857) was a shattering
setback to the Indian Muslims who were held responsible for the rebellion by the British.
The Muslims were put 1 into the backwardness with the help of Hindus. This was one of
the outstanding motivations that paved the way to declare the separate identity of
nationalism, the Muslim nationalism. The Muslim scholars sought to reform the teaching
of Islamic law and to promote its application in a Muslim society. The prominent
name among them is Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (1817-98) who awakened and guided his community
well in time. His educational drive, the Ali-Garh movement, proved to be the best means of
social mobility for the Muslim gentry under colonial rule. In 1885 the Indian National
Congress was founded to indicate the beginning of the Indian nationalist movement under
the British. The Congress worked and helped the British rule. Sir Syed advised the
Muslims not to join it because, he thought, the Muslims were not in position to involve into
the anti-government activities. It has been argued that Sir Syed's fear of Hindu domination
sowed the seeds for the "Two Nations Theory" later espoused by the All-India Muslim
League, founded in 1906 and led to its demand for a separate state for the Muslims of
India. Sir Syed argued that modern education and non-political activities might be the key
to Muslim advancement. The Ali-Garh movement produced educated leadership who could
protect the Muslims' rights on the Western political lines. All India Muslim League had
been founded in Dhaka to promote loyalty to the British and to protect and advance the
political rights and interests of the Muslims of India. Thus the concept of 'separate
electorates' was put forward to dawn a new day for the Indian Muslims. The Two-Nation
Theory served as the basis of demand for Pakistan by the Muslims in British India. There
are two major nations in British India. The Muslims are not a community but a nation with
a distinctive history, heritage, culture, civilization, and future aspirations. The Muslims
wanted to preserve and protect their distinct identity and advance their interests in India.
They wanted to order their lives in accordance with their ideals and philosophy of life
without being overwhelmed by an unsympathetic majority. Initially, they demanded
safeguards, constitutional guarantees and a federal system of government with powers to
the provinces for protection and advancement of their heritage, identity and interests. Later,
they demanded a separate state when neither the British nor the Hindu majority community
was willing to offer those guarantees and safeguards. Hindi-Urdu Controversy Hindu
revivalist movements turned more against the Muslims. Hindu nationalism was rival to the
Muslim nationalism. The Indian nationalism forced Muslims to organize themselves
politically to defend their interests effectively. After 1857, Hindi-Urdu Controversy was
the major assault by the Hindus on Muslim heritage and legacy of the great Muslim
Empire. Hindus were biased against Urdu as it was the Muslims' language. They demanded
Hindi as the official language replacing Urdu. There were demonstrations against Urdu by
the Hindus in Banaras in 1867. It was the start of the Hindi-Urdu controversy. On the very
issue, Sir Syed foretold about the unstable future of Hindu-Muslim unity. Hindus struggled
vigorously to replace Urdu by Hindi in the offices. This enhanced the importance of the
sense of Muslim separatism. The Muslim nationalism is manifested with the sublime
principles to implement like: 1. Rule of Law, socio-economic justice, equity and fair play.
2. Equality of opportunity to all citizens irrespective of caste, sect, religion or region. 3.
Religious and Cultural tolerance. 4. Respect for human dignity and rights. 5. Protection of
the rights and interests of non-Muslims and freedom to practice their beliefs and religions.
These principles are enshrined in the constitutions. We ought to work towards realization
of these goals in reality and create institutions and processes that reflect these principles
and values.

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