IDEOLOGY OF

PAKISTAN

Manzoor Hussain
Introduction
 Ideology is a French word.
 An ideology is a set of aims and ideas that directs one's goals, expectations, and actions 
  Ideology is a product of great and influential minds or divine guidance. 
 The term ‘ideology’ means science of ideas.
 Ideology is a set of principles ,it is a frame work an action &a guidance system that gives
order &meaning to life & human action
          An ideology offers an interpretation of the past, and an explanation of the present and a
vision of the future.” 
            
 Islamic Ideology
 It is an ideology through a society is formed in accordance with the teachings of the Holy
Quran and Sunnah. 
Cont..

The four important guiding Islamic principles are : 

 1. Unity of Allah: It means the belief in oneness of Allah. 
 2. Prophet Hood: Finality of the prophet hood of Hazrat Mohammad
(P.B.U.H). 
 3. Life Hereafter: It means all the mankind will be reborn after
death. They wil be rewarded or punished according to their deeds in
the worldly life. 
 4. Fundamentals of Islam: It includes Kalma, Salat, Fasting, Hajj
and Zakaat. 
Two nation theory
 A nation is a territory or country as political entity or a grouping of
people who share real or imagined common history, culture,
language or ethnic origin, often possessing or seeking its own
government. (Wikipedia)
 Two Nation Theory
 The phenomenon of Two-Nation theory originated with the advent of
Islam in the Sub-Continent (712AD).Quaid-e-Azam once said: 
 “Pakistan was created the day the first Indian national entered the field
of Islam." 
 From the above statement, it is clear that ideology of Pakistan is an
Islamic one. 
Two nation theory
 The creation of Pakistan was unique in the sense that it was based on the ideological
commitments in the light of the religion Islam. 
 Ideology of Pakistan basically means that Pakistan should be a state where the Muslims should
have an opportunity to live according to the faith and creed based on the Islamic principles. 
 Covers the political, social, economical and religious aspects of human life
 Ideology of Islam is the ideology of Pakistan
 Mahatma Gandhi, speaking in the second session of the Round table conference in London in 1931,
said that the quarrel between Hindus and Muslims was ‘core view with the British advent’ in
India. It would be difficult to maintain such a position historically because the conflict between
Hindus and Muslims had started long before the emergence of the British power in India. 
 . In an interview with Beverlay Nicholas, the founder of Pakistan Muhammad Ali Jinnah said in 1944 
 “You must remember that Islam is not merely a religious doctrine but a realistic and practical code of
conduct. I am thinking in terms of everything important in life. I am thinking in terms of our history,
our heroes, our art, our architecture, out music, our laws, our jurisprudence”. 
Cont..
 It means the cultural,political,religious,economic and social
dissimilarities between the two major communities.Hindus and
Muslims of the Sub Continent.
 These difference of out look ,in fact,were greatly instrumental in giving
rise to two distinct political ideologies which were responsible for the
partition of India into two independent states.
  It states that Muslims and Hindus are two separate nations from
every definition; therefore Muslims should have a separate
homeland in the Muslim majority areas of India, where they can
spend their lives according to the glorious teachings of Islam. 
1 Aims and objectives of the creation of Pakistan

 Enforcement of the Sovereignty of the Allah Almighty

 Establishment of the Islamic Democracy
 Revival of Muslim image and Identity
 Protection of Muslim Culture and Civilization
 Two nation Theory
 To get rid of the prejudicial Hindu majority
 Establishment of the balanced Economic System
2-Establishment of the Islamic Democracy

 “It is my firm  belief that our salvation lies in

following  the golden rules of conduct as given by
our great law-giver, the Prophet of Islam. Let us
lay the foundation of our democratic system on
Islamic ideals and principles. The Almighty has
taught us that our decisions in the state affairs
shall be guided by mutual consultation”
 (ref. i4 Feburary 1948. Sibi)
3-Revival of Muslim image and Identity

 Hindus  domination in social, economic,

education and government services.
 United India was not the permanent solution of
these problems.
4- Protection of Muslim Culture and Civilization

 Distinctive cultural values

 Social behavior
 Culture
 Civilization
 Literature
 Hindi- Urdu controversy
 Muslims were not prepared to accept Hindu 
Supremacy
5-To get rid of the Hindu majority

 Muslims came to India as conqueror

 Muslims were dominated in all spheres of social life during
their rule
 Muslim domination aroused Hindu jealousy
 British rule Muslims lost their empire & political supremacy
 British extended favors to Hindus
 British and the Hindu adopted a cruel policy against
Muslims
6- Establishment of the balanced  Economic System

 In Commerce and trade  Hinds were dominated in India

 After War of 1857 the British government  had banned Muslim
entry into government service
 All high level civil and military position were reserved for the
Hindus
 Muslims were considered eligible only for low ranking jobs
 Muslims  were behind in the field of education
 Muslims of Subcontinent demand for Pakistan to establish stable
economic system for every individual
Factors Creating the Idea of Separate Homeland

 Religious Differences 
 Hindu Nationalism 
 Cultural Differences 
  Social Differences 
 Economics Differences 
 Educational Differences 
 Political Differences 
 Hindi Urdu Controversy 
 Congress Attitude 
 Partition of Bengal 
 Language 
 Anti Muslim Campaign 
 In Acceptance of British Rule 
 Hindus Betrayed Muslims 
 Refusal of Muslim Identity 
 War of 1857
 Sir Syed's Idea 
Cont..
 Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was the first Muslim leader
who presented the idea of ‘Two Nation Theory’; he
was the pioneer of the ‘Two Nation Theory’. 
 Sir Syed Ahmed Khan first used the word ‘Two
Nations’ for Hindus and Muslims. 
 Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was convinced by the hatred
of Congress and Hindus towards the Muslims that
both nations cannot stay unite in the single country
and the future of the Muslims will safe only if they
have their own separate country. 
Ideology of Pakistan & importance of two nation theory

 Ideology of Pakistan & importance of two nation theory



As per above definition, It is clear that ideology of Pakistan & Ideology of Islam are one and the
same thing
 There values are common, so Pakistan is an ideological state
 India was a continent in which  many followers of different religions were living, among them
Muslims & Hindus were two big nations 
 There lives based on two different ideologies 
 So it was not possible for them to live together 
 That’s why Muslims of India wanted a separate homeland where they can live as per the principles of
Islam 
 Where they can develop their culture & civilization in order to make an Islamic society
 That time slogan of Pakistan was……..
 “What is the meaning of Pakistan, there is one God and Muhammad (PBUH) is the last Prophet of
God” 
Quaid e Azam and Ideology of Pakistan

 On March 22, 1940 in his presidential address to the All-India

Muslim League Lahore session, the founder of Pakistan M A
Jinnah made it plain that “The Hindus and the Muslims belong
to two different religious philosophies, social customs, and
literature. They neither intermarry, nor interdine together, and
indeed they belong to two different civilizations which are
based mainly on conflicting ideas and conceptions. He further
said ,Musalmans are a nation according to any definition of a
nation, and they must have their homeland, their territory and
their State “
Cont..
 On March 22, 1940 in his presidential address to the All-India
Muslim League Lahore session, the founder of Pakistan M A
Jinnah made it plain that “The Hindus and the Muslims belong
to two different religious philosophies, social customs, and
literature. They neither intermarry, nor interdine together, and
indeed they belong to two different civilizations which are
based mainly on conflicting ideas and conceptions. He further
said ,Musalmans are a nation according to any definition of a
nation, and they must have their homeland, their territory and
their State “
Ideology of Pakistan & importance of two nation
theory
 Today the world community comprises of more than
180 countries. 
 Pakistan appeared on the world map in August 1947,
and became the first Islamic ideological state of the
modern times. Unlike the non-ideological states, it was
not established due to any geographical conflict or
territorial domination by a group of people. 
 If the ideology of such a state like Pakistan is dead then
its existence can be questioned. Therefore, Pakistan
can’t exist if there is no more ideology of Pakistan. 
Ideology of Pakistan

 Allama Iqbal & Ideology of Pakistan



Allama Iqbal never used the word Pakistan in his

speeches but in all his speeches he demanded
separate homeland for the Muslims of the
subcontinent.
 His sayings are considered as the ideology of
Pakistan
Cont..
 Demand for separate Muslim Homeland
 “I desire that by joining Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan, N.W.F.P, a separate state should be made
which is under the British rule or outside the British rule. This is necessary because in North West,
a separate Muslim State has become the fate of Muslims. I demand for the benefit of Islam and of
the subcontinent, a strong Islamic state is created”
 The Quaid-i-Azam & Ideology of Pakistan
 Formation of Islamic democracy 
 Said on August 14, 1947 at a press conference:
 “In reality we had learnt democracy 1300 years ago. So when you talk about democracy, I doubt
that you have notOpposition of Racism & prejudices 
 In Dhaka on March 21, 1948 he said,
 “You do not talk in term of Bengali, Sindhi, Balochi or Pathan rather you remember the lesson of
1300 years ago that we are not Sindhi, Balochi or Pathan but we are Muslims and only Muslims” 
Cont..


Difference between Islam & Hinduism

 “Islam & Hinduism are not only two religions but they are also two different social systems.
These two nations are related to two different civilizations that base on such thoughts which
are cons to each other. These ideologies are different to each other. Hindus and Muslims
cannot create a common nationhood. So Muslims are in need of a separate homeland where
they can spend their lives socially, economically and politically according to their faith.’’
 No need of any “ISM“except Islam
 In March 1944, while addressing the students, Quaid said,
 “Islam is our guide and a complete code of life. We neither need any red or yellow flag nor
we need any socialism, communism, Nationalism or any other ism”
 Protection of Islamic civilization 
 “Our aim is the creation of such a state which flourish in the light of our civilization &
where Islamic ideologies of social justice can completely bloom”
Cont..


Need of testing the Islamic Education

 Addressing to the students of Islamic College of Peshawar on January 13,
1948, said,
 “We demanded Pakistan not for a piece of land but we wanted such a
laboratory where Islamic principles could be tested”
 Ideology of Pakistan’As in the beginning of the 11th century, Al-Biruni
observed that Hindus differed from the Muslims in all matters and habits. He
further elaborated his argument by writing that the Hindus considered
Muslims "Mlachha", or impure. And they forbid having any connection with
them, be it intermarriage or any other bond of relationship. They even avoid
sitting, eating and drinking with them, because they feel "polluted".
Cont..


Quaid stated….
 That Hindus and Muslims belong to two different religious philosophies, with
different social customs and literature.
 They neither intermarry, nor eat together, and indeed belong to two different
civilizations whose very foundations are based on conflicting ideas and concepts.
 Their outlook on life and of life is different. 
 In spite of the passage of about 1,000 years the relations between the Hindus and
Muslims could not attain the level of cordiality. 
 The only difference between the writing of Al-Biruni and the speech of Quaid-i-
Azam was that Al-Biruni made calculated predictions, while Quaid-i-Azam had
history behind him to support his argument. 
 Thank you