VAT No. 2
VAT No. 2
VAT No. 2
2. Where the customs duties are determined on the basis of quantity or volume of the goods:
Total landed cost xxx
Add:
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VAT NO. 2 Page 2
Customs duties xxx
Excise tax xxx
Other charges prior to release of goods from customs custody xxx xxx
Tax base xxx
VAT rate 12%
VAT on importation xxx
d. Examples of other charges or fees prior to release of goods from the Bureau of Customs:
a. Insurance g. Wharfage dues
b. Freight h. Arrastre charges
c. Postage i. Brokerage fees
d. Commission j. Stamps
e. Interest k. Processing fees
f. Bank charges
e. Payment the VAT is to be paid prior to the release of the goods imported from the customs custody.
f. Exempt importations:
1.Agricultural and marine food products in their original state;
2.Livestock and poultry yielding foods for human consumption;
3.Breeding stock and genetic materials;
Polished and/or husked rice, corn grits, raw cane sugar and molasses, ordinary salt and copra are agricultural food
products in their original state.
Marine food products shall include fish and crustaceans, such as, but not limited to, eels, trout, lobster, shrimps,
prawns, oysters, mussels and clams.
Livestock shall include cows, bulls and calves, pigs, sheep, goats and rabbits. Poultry shall include fowls, ducks,
geese and turkey. Livestock or poultry does not include fighting cocks, race horses, zoo animals and other animals
generally considered as pets.
Meat, fruit, fish, vegetables and other agricultural and marine food products shall be considered in their original state
even if they have undergone the simple processes of preparation or preservation for the market, such as drying,
roasting, broiling, freezing, salting, smoking or stripping.
4.Fertilizers, seeds, seedling and fingerlings;
5.Fish, prawn, livestock and poultry feeds, including ingredients used in the manufacture of finished feeds (except
specialty/nonagricultural feeds or foods for race horses, fighting cocks, aquarium fish, zoo animals and other
animals generally considered as pets);
6.Personal and household effects belonging to residents of the Phil. returning from abroad and nonresident citizens
coming to resettle in the Phil., provided such goods are exempt from customs duties;
7.Professional instruments and implements, wearing apparel, domestic animals, and personal household effects
(except vehicle, vessel, aircraft, machinery and other goods for use in the manufacture and merchandise of any kind
in commercial quantity) belonging to persons coming to settle in the Phil., for their own use and not for sale,
accompanying such persons or arriving within 90 days before or after their arrival, upon production of evidence that
such persons are actually coming to settle in the Phil. and that the change of residence is bonafide;
8.Direct farm inputs, machineries and equipment, including spare parts, to be used directly and exclusively in the
production and/or processing of their produce by agricultural cooperatives duly registered and in good standing with
the CDA;
9.Books and any newspaper, magazine, review, or bulletin which appears at regular intervals with fixed prices for
subscription and sale and not devoted principally to the publication of paid advertisements;
10. Passenger or cargo vessels and aircraft, including engine, equipment and spare parts for domestic or international
transport operations; provided that the passenger and/or cargo vessels, shall be limited to those of 150 tons and
above, including engine and spare parts of said vessels; provided, further, that the vessels shall comply with the age
limit requirement, at the time of acquisition counted from the date of the vessel’s original commissioning, as follows:
Passenger and/or cargo vessels, the age limit is 15 years old.
Tankers, the age limit is 10 years old.
Highspeed passenger crafts, the age limit is 5 years old.
11. Fuel, goods and supplies for international shipping or air transport operations; provided that said fuel, goods and
supplies shall be used exclusively to the transport of goods and/or passengers from a port in the Phil. directly to a
foreign port without stopping at any port in the Phil.;
Problems
1. Which statement is wrong? Valueadded tax on importation of goods:
a. Is imposed on an importation for sale or for use in business.
b. Is imposed on an importation for personal use.
c. Should be paid prior to removal from customs custody.
d. Is not available as input tax even if related to business.
2. One of the following statements is incorrect.
a. Imported goods which are subject to excise tax are no longer subject to valueadded
tax.
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VAT NO. 2 Page 3
b. VAT on the importation is paid to the Bureau of Customs before the imported goods are
released from its custody.
c. Expenses incurred after the goods are released from customs custody are disregarded
in computing VAT on importation.
d. When a person who enjoys taxexemption on his importation subsequently sells in the
Philippines such imported articles to nonexempt person, the purchasernonexempt person shall pay the VAT on
such importation.
3. Which statement is correct? The valueadded tax on an importation:
a. Should be paid by the taxexempt importer, if he subsequently sells the goods to a nontaxexempt
purchaser.
b. Should be paid by the nontaxexempt purchaser to whom the taxexempt importer sells it.
c. Is a liability either of the taxexempt importer or the nontaxexempt purchaser.
d. Shall not pay the valueadded tax because the transaction was exempt at the point of importation.
4. Three of the following are exempt from the valueadded tax. Which is the exception?
a. Importation of books and any newspapers, magazines, review or bulletin.
b. Importation of agricultural and marine food products in their original state.
c. Importation of petroleum products and their raw materials.
d. Importation or sale of fish, prawn, livestock and poultry feeds.
Items 5 and 6 are based on the following information:
A perfume, classified as nonessential article (20% excise tax rate), was imported for sale, the particulars of which are
as follows:
Value of importation $10,000
Freight and insurance P10,000
Customs duties 20,000
Other expenses prior to the release of goods from customs custody 5,000
Facilitation expense 5,000
Rate of exchange of 1 US Dollar is P56.
5. The excise tax payable on the importation is:
a. P112,000 b. P119,000 c. P120,000 d. Exempt
6. The valueadded tax due on the importation is:
a. P67,200 b. P71,400 c. P85,680 d. Exempt
7. An importer wishes to withdraw his importation from the Bureau of Customs. The imported goods were subjected to a
10% customs duty in the amount of P12,500 and to other charges in the amount of P9,500. The valueadded tax due
is:
a. P12,500 b. P13,750 c. P17,640 d. P14,700
8. Daroya imported a car from U.S.A. for his personal use. Total landed cost is P280,000 (about U.S. $4,000) including
customs duties of P56,000. VAT payable is:
a. P28,000 c. P40,320
b. P33,600 d. None, because the importation is for personal use.
Items 9 and 10 are based on the following information:
Taxpayer is VATregistered. Importations were for:
Any valueadded tax not included. Sale Own use
Invoice cost (Exchange rate is $1 : P56) $80,000 $4,000
Expenses based on cost:
Freight and insurance 4% 4%
Other expenses up to the point of removal from customs house 6% 6%
Transfer expenses from customs house to warehouse in Manila 1/2% 1/2%
Selling price of goods imported for sale within the same taxable period of importation, valueadded tax included, was
P6,720,000.
9. The valueadded tax payable on the importations is:
a. P492,800 b. P491,300 c. P517,440 d. P620,928
10.The valueadded tax payable on the sale is:
a. P99,072 b. P128,640 c. P107,200 d. P720,000
Items 11 and 12 are based on the following information:
Esprit Corp. imported an article from Japan. The invoice value of the following article was 1,000,000 Yen (1 Yen =
P0.50). The following were incurred in connection with the importation:
Insurance P15,000
Freight 10,000
Postage 5,000
Wharfage dues 7,000
Arrastre charges 8,000
Brokerage fee 25,000
Facilitation fee 3,000
The imported article was subject to P50,000 customs duty and P30,000 excise tax. Esprit Corp. spent P5,000 for
trucking from the customs warehouse to its warehouse in Quezon City.
11. The VAT on importation is:
a. P65,800 b. P78,000 c. P65,000 d. P50,000
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VAT NO. 2 Page 4
12. Assuming that the imported article was sold for P950,000, VAT exclusive, the VAT payable is:
a. P36,000 b. P29,200 c. P30,000 d. P114,000
Items 13 and 14 are based on the following information:
Falcon Co., a VATregistered taxpayer, is a customs broker and a forwarder, representing importers at the piers
and transporting their importations to warehouses all over Luzon. On an importation by Gencor Co., its costs were
(taxes not included) as follows:
Invoice cost of importation (Exchange rate is $1 : P56) $30,000
Expenses on the importation up to Philippine port P20,000
Excise tax 10,000
Customs duty 15,000
Customs brokerage charges paid to Falcon Co. 8,000
Forwarding charges paid to Falcon Co. 25,000
13. The valueadded tax of Gencor Co., before any tax credits, is:
a. P210,960 b. P175,800 c. P173,300 d. P207,960
14. The business tax of Falcon Co., before any tax credits, is:
a. Valueadded tax of P3,960 c. Valueadded tax of P0
b. Percentage tax of P990 d. Percentage tax of P0
9. About the VAT
a. It is a business tax. Without any business pursued in the Philippines by the taxpayer, the tax cannot apply.
In the course of trade or business means the regular conduct or pursuit of a commercial or an economic activity,
including transactions incidental thereto, by any person regardless of whether or not the person engaged therein is a
nonstock, nonprofit private organization (irrespective of the disposition of its net income and whether or not it sells
exclusively to members or their guests), or government entity. Examples are: Selling goods, leasing or renting out
properties and selling services.
Exceptions, where even there is business, there is no VAT imposable:
1. Business pursued by an individual where the aggregate gross sales and/or receipts do not exceed P100,000
during any 12month period shall be considered principally for subsistence or livelihood and not in the course of
trade or business;
2. Sale of real properties utilized for low cost housing (P750,000 per unit or less);
3. Sale of real properties used for socialized housing (P225,000 per unit or less);
4. Sale of residential lot valued at P1,500,000 per unit and below;
5. Sale of house and lot and other residential dwellings valued at P2,500,000 and below where the instrument of
sale was executed on or after November 1, 2005; and
6. Lease of residential unit with a monthly rental per unit of P10,000 and below, irregardless of the aggregate
rentals received during the year.
Exceptions, where even there is no business, VAT is imposable:
1. Importation of goods for personal use; and
2. Services rendered in the Philippines by nonresident foreign persons, even isolated, shall be considered as being
rendered in the course of trade or business.
Problems
1. Which statement is wrong? Transactions considered “in the course of trade or business” and, therefore, subject to the
business taxes include:
a. Regular conduct or pursuit of a commercial or an economic activity by a stock private organization.
b. Regular conduct or pursuit of a commercial or an economic activity by a nonstock, nonprofit private organization.
c. Isolated services in the Philippines by nonresident foreign persons.
d. Isolated sale of goods or services for a gross selling price or receipts of P500,000.
2. 1st statement: Nonstock and nonprofit private organizations which sell exclusively to their members in the regular
conduct or pursuit of commercial or economic activity are exempt from valueadded tax.
2nd statement: Government entities engaged in commercial or economic activity are generally exempt from value
added tax.
a. Both statements are correct. c. Only the first statement is correct.
b. Both statements are incorrect. d. Only the second statement is correct.
b. It is an indirect tax. The statutory taxpayer has the option of shifting or passing the tax burden to another pe rson
without violating the law. It is integrated as part of the selling price of goods or services sold. The result is high prices.
Note: High prices of goods and services sold is not caused alone by the indirect tax added, but substantially by the too
many intermediaries between the point of production to the enduser. Aside from the tax, a yet bigger addon which is
the gross profit of the sellers cascades down to the final consumers of the goods or services sold.
Problem
1. Value added tax is a/an:
a. Indirect tax b. Direct tax c. Local tax d. Personal tax
c. It is a national tax. The collection or administration of the tax is handled by t he national government through the Bureau
of Internal Revenue Offices.
10. Thresholds for business tax (VAT or percentage tax)
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VAT NO. 2 Page 5
a. Sellers or lessors of goods or properties and performers of services whose annual gross sales and/or receipts do not
exceed P100,000 shall not be subject to VAT or percentage tax.
b. Sellers or lessors of goods or properties and performers of services whose annual gross sales and/or receipts exceed
P100,000 but not more than P1,500,000 shall be subject to either VAT or percentage tax. If the taxpayer opts to be
VATexempt, he shall be imposed a quarterly percentage tax of 3% based on gross sales or receipts. If the taxpayer
elects to register as VAT taxpayer, however, he shall not be allowed to cancel his VAT registration for the next three
years.
c. Sellers or lessors of goods or properties and performers of services whose annual gross sales and/or receipts exceed
P1,500,000 shall be compulsory VAT taxpayers, registered or not.
d. Franchise grantees of radio and/or television broadcasting, whose annual gross receipts for the preceding calendar
year do not exceed P10,000,000 derived from the business covered by the law granting the franchise may opt for VAT
registration. This option, once exercised, shall be irrevocable.
11. The Expanded VAT.
a. Effective 01 January 1996, under R.A. 7716 and amended by R.A. 8241 made effective 01 January 1997, and further
amended by R.A. 8424 made effective 01 January 1998, and by R.A. 9337 (otherwise known as the RVAT) made
effective 01 November 2005, and last amended by R.A. 9361 made effective beginning the quarterly VAT return
ended 31 December 2006. VAT is a business tax levied on certain goods, properties and services. It is a business
tax required to be paid by sellers or lessors of goods or properties and/or performers of services in the domestic
market and/or importers of goods.
b. Literally, the tax is on the added value by the seller to his purchase cost of the goods sold, sometimes called the gross
profit. This is called the cost deduction approach which is not the one employed in the Philippines.
c. The tax credit approach is the one adopted. This means that VAT is imposed on the sale first called Output Tax and a
tax credit is claimed on the VAT passed on to his purchase cost of goods or services known as Input Tax. The
difference is called the VAT payable. There seems to be a semblance of result under the cost deduction approach
and the tax credit method, although actually not. This is because not all the purchases of goods, properties and
services by the VAT taxpayers have passed on input tax.
d. For a VAT taxpayer to maximize his claim of input tax and therefore minimize his VAT payable, he would only transact
with his fellow VATregistered taxpayers because of the passed on VAT. He will rarely buy, if ever, goods, properties
and services from nonVAT taxpayers.
e. Those whose annual gross sales and/or receipts do not exceed P1,500,000, however, are actually given the option to
become VAT taxpayers by actual registration, for them to be covered by the VAT system. Hence, they could also
transact with the affluent sector of society.
END
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