SMCC Criminal Justice Journal Volume 2 · June 2019 • Peer Reviewed Journal

ISSN Print: 2508-0555 · ISSN Online: 2508-0563

Volume 2 · June 2019
https://dx.doi.org/10.18868/cje.02.060120.03

The Effect of the Curfew Hour Implementation

ALDREN J. APDUHAN
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3926-3022
[email protected]
Saint Michael College of Caraga, Nasipit, Agusan del Norte

GAMALIEL D. BERNADOS
https://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-8183-6966
[email protected]
Saint Michael College of Caraga, Nasipit, Agusan del Norte

RAMIE BOY C. TIOROCIO

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0275-0257
[email protected]
Saint Michael College of Caraga, Nasipit, Agusan del Norte

JISSREL G. ACABO
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8457-5981
[email protected]
Saint Michael College of Caraga, Nasipit, Agusan del Norte

Gunning Fog Index: 17.34 Originality: 99% Grammar Check: 99%

Flesch Reading Ease: 28.06 Plagiarism: 1%

ABSTRACT

Curfew is an order specifying a time throughout that positive rules apply. The main
purpose of the study is to determine the effect of the curfew hour implementation as
to the perception of Barangay Official, Barangay Police, and Police Officer of Nasipit,
Agusan del Norte. A descriptive correlational research design was used in this study.
The respondents of this study were the Barangay Police, Philippine National Police
(PNP), and Barangay officials. The result shows that the curfew hour was implemented
regularly by the continuous efforts rendered by the Barangay Officials, Barangay Police,

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and Police Officer. The result proves that the safety and security needs of Maslow’s
Hierarchy of Needs are essential, including the security of our body, employment,
resources, the morality of family, and health. It was recommended that communities
living in the Barangay cooperate and participate in the curfew implementation. Also,
encourage the future researchers to conduct the same study for helping the school, and
give more trust of the public regarding the credibility and the quality of the school
would be much higher.

KEYWORD

Effect, curfew hour implementation, crime prevention, descriptive correlational,

Philippines

INTRODUCTION

Curfew is an order specifying a time throughout that positive rules apply. Curfew
laws square measure a general deterrence strategy geared toward reducing crime and
victimization within juveniles’ overall population. A reduced chance of committing
crimes ought to translate into committing fewer crimes (Wilson et al., 2016). Curfews
unit of measurement quite merely house rules which can finish during a firm if violated.
Curfews square measure laws that effectively compel or limit the proper to get publicly
at positive times, or in some cases, want businesses to shut their doors throughout
positive hours.
In line with the study of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs as cited by Villarica (2011),
the foremost immediate concern is physical safety from violence. The country has the
responsibility of protecting the welfare of its people. It’s by active and humanities what
the law expresses to safeguard the community and additionally, the country for the nice
of everyone. Curfew laws are challenged because they’re unconstitutional, supported
violations of freedom of speech, equal protection and group action, freedom of
movement, rights of oldsters to rear their youngsters, which the youth’s square measure
largely not adjudicated delinquents. People got to understand that the government has
the proper to impose what do they assume is helpful for many the opposite manner
around. The government got to hear his people of the results of their actions toward the
thought of their choices.
For the past administrations among the Philippines, their square measure of a unit
all different curfews obligatory by the legislative and even native ordinance that promotes
anti-hazards, anti-crimes, and anti-violence program. Thus, it’s an ideal proposition of
providing a secure and sound surrounding among Filipinos agency unit of measurement
weak on the unseasonable effects of adjusting generations from heaps of liberated one.
Another index is the habitual activities of Filipinos that cause disturbance among
the community like singing victimization vocal music until dawn, drinking or having

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a party on the streets, and gang-war participated by all different fraternities or street
children.
There are measures of a unit certain types of curfews implemented by all different
places that apply in step with the demographic location by the community (Family,
2010), among the arrival of adjusting society, individual’s unit of measurement
vulnerable of adapting on changes.
However, incorrect guidance of the state makes it possible that people acquire
what is due to surpass endeavours. It’s the utmost purpose of the study to gauge the
implications of the Curfew Hours Implementation. The basis for the Crime hindrance
Program is obligatory, varied native ordinances for curfews on habitual activities, minor
welfare, safety, and security measures to empower the country’s law. It’s the researchers’
role to assemble acceptable data of responses from the respondents and deliver public
information on the perceptions of regime officers and Philippine National Police with
regards to the effectiveness of the obligatory curfews among the community.

FRAMEWORK

This study used theories to explain the foundation of the research. It will serve as
evidence of the effects of curfew hour’s implementation in the community as the main
objective of the inquiry. The following theory was affixed according to the important
variables of the study.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs by Abraham Maslow is safety and security needs that
belong in the basic needs as produce in hierarchy needs. Self-actualization will not be
possible if the barangay officials will not give the second level of needs, according to
Abraham Maslow 1943. Because his ideas surround the hierarchy of need, concerning
the Barangay officials’ responsibility, the best example for these is the barangay officials
provide a learning environment that encourages and enables the people to fulfill their
unique potential (Casillo, 2011).
Juvenile curfew laws have become a pervasive and widespread strategy for
controlling juvenile crime. Public opinion is solidly behind the use of curfews, and
the primary basis for this support is the notion that curfews make streets safer. This
article provides preliminary results from a systematic review of empirical research on
juvenile curfews, concluding that the evidence does not support the argument that
curfews prevent crime and victimization. Juvenile crime and victimization are most
likely to remain unchanged after the implementation of curfew laws. Other aspects of
curfew research, such as efficiency at detecting criminal activity, costs of enforcement,
crime displacement, counterintuitive findings, and curfew violators’ characteristics, are
also discussed. Finally, suggestions for future research are offered.
Curfew laws are a general deterrence strategy aimed at reducing crime and
victimization in the overall population of juveniles. That is, reduced opportunity to
commit crimes should translate into committing fewer crimes (Wilson et al., 2016).

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From a theoretical perspective, curfews are primarily designed to prevent crime and
violence by keeping juveniles away from delinquent opportunities. Some are viewed
by some as part of a more vigorous law-enforcement effort, and by others, identifying
juveniles in early stages of delinquency and providing them with an opportunity
for intervention programs. However, juvenile curfew laws have been the subject of
numerous legal challenges.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The main objective of the study is to determine the effect of the curfew hour
implementation as to the perception of Barangay Official, Barangay Police, and Police
Officer of Nasipit, Agusan del Norte.

METHODOLOGY

Research Design
A descriptive correlational research design was used in this study. Quantitative
research emphasizes the social affairs of information and disentangling it over a gathering
of individuals or to grow to a particular phenomenon (IEEE, 2016). Also, it involves
description, recording, analyzing, and interpreting the conditions that exist concerning
variables or situations.

Research Locale
The study was conducted at Nasipit, Agusan del Norte. Officially the Municipality
is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Agusan del Norte, Philippines. According
to the 2015 census, it has a population of 41,957 people. The Port of Nasipit is the
major seaport or base port in Agusan del Norte. The Philippine Ports Authority (PPA)
assigned PMO Nasipit as an International Base port.

Research Respondents
The Effect of the Curfew Hour Implementation Basis for Crime Prevention
Program. The respondents of this study were the Barangay Police, Philippine National
Police (PNP) and Barangay officials.

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Table 1. Research Respondents N=184

Sample Size
Population

Respondents

Barangay Official 70

Barangay Police 54

Police Officer 60

Total 184

Research Instrument
The researchers adopted from the study of the Effect of the curfew hour’s
implementation bases for crime prevention program in Nasipit, Agusan del Norte.
The questionnaire contained items that solicit responses from the respondents
about the topic. In Curfew Hours Implementation: Its Effect to the Crime Prevention
in the Municipality of Nasipit based on the Municipal Ordinance No. 003 series of
2016 by Hon. Leonardo C. Beniga. It used a four scale likers system with 4.Strongly
agree (SA) 3.Agree (A) 2.Disagree (D) 1. Strongly disagree (SD).

Data Gathering Procedure

The following steps were to be employed in gathering the pertinent data of the
study:
A letter of request sent by the researchers to ask permission from the Municipality
of the Nasipit.
After the approval of the letter, the researchers discussed the study and its purpose
and oriented the respondents about the informed consent form and the questionnaire.
After the orientation, the researchers distributed the informed consent form to the
respondents and guided them until they finished.
The researchers were personally compiling the instrument as soon as the respondents
accomplished them. Then the data were collected, tallied, and then tabulated to statistical
treatment with the help of the statistician.

Statistical Analysis
The collected data were summarized, tabularized, and evaluated using a, frequency
and percentage, and weighted mean, and correlation were the statistical tools and
techniques used.

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 2. Summary of the effect of the curfew hour implementation

Cases Before After Difference

2013-2015 2016-2018
Theft 10 13 3

Physical Abuse 5 8 3

Acts of lasciviousness 1 0 -1

Burning of Electrical wire 1 0 -1

Robbery 1 0 -1

Malicious Mischief 0 8 8

Total 18 29 11

Table 2 shows the crime rate before and after the implementation of the municipal
ordinance number 003 series of 2016 imposing curfew hours among minors and adults
in Nasipit, Agusan del Norte. The study shows that out of six (6) only two (2) crimes
are increase, but four (4) decreases.
That based on the data, the most crime committed by minor before the
implementation of the said municipal ordinance was Theft having ten minors who
committed, Physical Abuse with (5), Act of Lasciviousness, Burning of Electrical wire,
Robbery but there are no minors who committed Malicious Mischief. While after the
implementation of the said municipal ordinance, the crime rate was increasing like on
Theft, there are 13 minors recorded who committed theft; Physical Abuse with eight
minors committed, and Malicious Mischief with eight violators.
Therefore #003 Municipal Ordinance is not effective in the curfew law on people,
and juveniles have remained argued (Adams, 2003).

Table 3. Results of the Effect of the Curfew Hour Implementation

Computed X2 – Value Critical Value Decision

Barangay Official

Barangay Police 5.24 12.59 Accept Ho

Police Officer

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Table 3 shows that the effectiveness of the curfew rated by themselves, Police Officer,
and barangay officials. It can be gleaned from 7 the data that computed χ2 – the value
of 5.24 is greater than the critical χ2 – the value of 12.59 at 0.05 level of significance
set for statistical analysis. The result revealed that the null hypothesis is accepted “there
is no significant difference in the perception of the Curfew hour’s Implementation.”
It implies that the perceptions of the Police Officer and barangay officials towards law
enforcement have different perceptions.
Therefore that Pundits contend that curfews are only another law implementation
weapon that is destined to be distorted by police and local security unit to mention
youth for curfew violations when they are suspect of committing other crimes, but there
is inadequate evidence for an arrest (Adams, 2003).

CONCLUSION

Based on the findings of the study, the result shows that the curfew hour was
implemented regularly by the continuous efforts rendered by the Barangay Officials,
Barangay Police, and Police Officer. The result proves that the Maslow’s Hierarchy of
Needs by Abraham Maslow is safety and security needs that belongs in the basic needs
as produce in hierarchy needs. Self-actualization will not be possible if the barangay
officials will not give the second level of needs, according to Abraham Maslow 1943.
Because his ideas surround the hierarchy of need concerning the responsibility of the
Barangay officials and the best example for these is the barangay officials provide a
learning environment that encourages and enables the people to fulfill their unique
potential (Diaz del Casillo et al., 2011).

RECOMMENDATIONS

The researcher would like to recommend this study of the following:

1. Based on the findings of the study, the researcher will recommend to the
school through the administration to less the minors and adults commit crime
prevention in the community. That would be guided by the parents because it is
good to see that the minor and adult have out of school is molding into strong
and competent effective and globally qualified, which we can offer the services
towards to the community, that the quality of the school and the credibility is
priceless.
2. The community of Barangay 1-7 must cooperate and participate to the
implementation of the curfew hour implementation offered to the institution
because it is only for the good of the people and the quality to know the law
is when it comes that the credential comes to you, are heavy and more highly
trained student and become a professional.

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3. Future Researchers, the researchers believed that the result is relevant and
important because it can be used by future researchers to conduct further
investigation. Thus, the researchers recommend and encourage the future
researchers to conduct the same study on to continue the outcome of the study
for helping the school, and give more trust of the public regarding the credibility
and the quality of the school would be much higher. And to give good quality
of education to all students so that they are competent and globally qualified in
all aspects.

LITERATURE CITED

Adams, K. (2003).The Effectiveness of Juvenile Curfews at Crime Prevention. Annals of

the American Academy of Political and Social Science. Retrieved on January 24,
2019 from https://bit.ly/30c7Z3X

Díaz del Castillo, A., Sarmiento, O. L., Reis, R. S., & Brownson, R. C. (2011).
Translating evidence to policy: urban interventions and physical activity promotion
in Bogotá, Colombia and Curitiba, Brazil. Translational behavioral medicine, 1(2),
350-360. Retrieved on January 10, 2019 from https://bit.ly/3hSHJSm

Families (2010). Journal of Juvenile Justice, 4(2). Retrieved January 20, 2019 from
https://bit.ly/2U7A7ky

Sutphen, R. D., & Ford, J. (2001). The effectiveness and enforcement of a teen curfew
law. J. Soc. & Soc. Welfare, 28, 55. Retrieved on January 10, 2020 from https://
bit.ly/3dy2Qqr

Wilson, D., Fried J, Reynoldset T., (2016).”Juvenile curfew effects on criminal

behavior and Campbell Collaboration systematic review. “Journal of Experimental
Criminology”.

Wu, J., Zhao, S., Sheng, V. S., Zhao, P., & Cui, Z. (2016, July). Multi-label active
learning for image classification with asymmetrical conditional dependence. In
2016 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME) (pp. 1-6).
IEEE. Retrieved on January 10, 2019 from https://bit.ly/2MrfcEX

Villarica, H. (2011). Maslow 2.0: A new and improved recipe for happiness.  The
Atlantic, 308(1). Retrieved on January 11, 2019 from https://bit.ly/3csnRBP

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