Arab Academy for Science, Technology &

Maritime Transport Structure

College of Engineering & Technology
Analysis (II)
For 3rd Year of Construction and Building
Department

Lecture 2
Virtual Work Method
LECTURE:
D R : A S M A A YA S S E E N H A M E D
 ➢ Introduction to Methods of Structural Analysis of
Statically indeterminate Structures
➢ Virtual work Method for the analysis of Statically
indeterminate Structures
Course ➢ Method of Consistent Deformations

Content ➢ Method of Three Moment Equation For continuous

beams
➢ Slope- Deflection Method
➢ Moment Distribution Method
➢ Stiffness Method
➢ Computer Validation
2
Principal of Virtual Work
‫الشغل المبذول لتحريك جسم ما = القوة المؤثرة × المسافة‬

P W=Pδ
δ

W=Mθ

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 3
 Principal of Virtual Work

Wext=Pδc δc
dWin=M dθ θ

Wint=∫M dθ

WTotal =0
Wext=Wint M
P δc= ∫M dθ

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 4
 P2
A
A B
δB1
δB2 δC1
δC2

FROM DOUBLE INTEGRATION Method

OR

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 5
Principal of Virtual Work

M2
dθ2 = dx
EI

When we put P2=1t

We can solve the
equation and find the
deflection at any Point

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 6
 Linear

M1
b 𝟐𝐛
𝐛 𝐛
𝟐 𝟑 𝟑
M2

𝑎𝑏𝐿 𝑎𝑏𝐿 𝑎𝑏𝐿

න 𝑀1 𝑀2 = 𝑎 𝑏 𝐿 න 𝑀1 𝑀2 = න 𝑀1 𝑀2 = න 𝑀1 𝑀2 = න 𝑀1 𝑀2 =
2 3 6
න
𝐿 1
𝑎 𝑐 + 𝑏 𝑑 + (𝑎𝑑 + 𝑐𝑏)]
3 2

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 7
 Application to Beam
Deflection with Virtual Work
Method

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 8
 Example 1:
For the shown beam By using the Virtual work Method Calculate
1- The vertical deflection at point D and C
2- The slope deflection at point B, A, C and D

Solution Steps: 12t 6t

1- Draw the M0 For the real beam with their A C B
D
force
3m 3m 2m
2- Draw the M1 For the beam with force (1t) at
same point which we want to calculate the
Deflection or slope
3- Applied the virtual work principal which the
Wext=Wint

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 9
❑ Vertical Deflection At joint (D) 12t 6t

A C B D
Wext=Wint
3m 3m 2m
𝑀0 𝑀1 𝑑𝑥
1 × 𝛿𝐷 = න 12mt
𝐸𝐼
1 12 × 2 × 8 18 × 6 A C B
M0
𝛿𝐷 = − ×1
𝐸𝐼 3 2
1 10 18mt
𝛿𝐷 = 64 − 54 =
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
2mt 1t
A C B M1

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 10
❑ Vertical Deflection At joint (C) 12t 6t

A C B D
Wext=Wint
3m 3m 2m
𝑀0 𝑀2 𝑑𝑥
1 × 𝛿𝑐 = න 12mt
𝐸𝐼
1 18 × 1.5 × 6 1.5 × 6 A C B
M0
𝛿𝑐 = − ×6
𝐸𝐼 3 2
1 27 18mt
𝛿𝑐 = 54 − 27 =
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
1t

A C B M2

1.5mt

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 11
❑ Slope At joint (A) 12t 6t

A C B D
Wext=Wint
3m 3m 2m
𝑀0 𝑀3 𝑑𝑥
1 × θ𝐴 = න 12mt
𝐸𝐼
1 12 × 1.0 × 6 18 × 6 A C B
M0
θ𝐴 = − × 0.5
𝐸𝐼 6 2
1 15 18mt
θ𝐴 = 12 − 27 = −
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
1.0

A C B M3
1 t.m

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 12
❑ Slope At joint (B) 12t 6t

A C B D
Wext=Wint
3m 3m 2m
𝑀0 𝑀4 𝑑𝑥
1 × θ𝐵 = න 12mt
𝐸𝐼
1 12 × 1.0 × 6 18 × 6 A C B
M0
θ𝐵 = − × 0.5
𝐸𝐼 3 2
1 3 18mt
θ𝐵 = 24 − 27 = −
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 1.0

A C B M4

1 t.m

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 13
❑ Slope At joint (D) 12t 6t

A C B D
Wext=Wint
3m 3m 2m
𝑀0 𝑀5 𝑑𝑥
1 × θ𝐷 = න 12mt
𝐸𝐼
D
1 12 × 1.0 × 2 12 × 1 × 6 18 × 6 A C B
M0
θ𝐷 = + − × 0.5
𝐸𝐼 2 3 2
1 9 18mt
θ𝐷 = 36 − 27 =
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
1.0

A C B M5
D

1 t.m

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 14
❑ Slope At joint (C) 12t 6t

A C B D
Wext=Wint
3m 3m 2m
𝑀0 𝑀6 𝑑𝑥
1 × θ𝐶 = න 12mt
𝐸𝐼
6.0 D
A C B
M0
6 × 0.5 × 3 18 × 0.5 × 3 18 × 0.5 × 3
1 − +
θ𝐶 = 3 3 3
𝐸𝐼 3 18mt
−[ 6 × 0.5 + 0.5 × 12 × 0.5 ]
3
1 t.m
A C B D
1 3
θ𝐶 = 12 − 9 = −
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 𝟏
𝟏 𝐭
𝐭 𝟔
𝟔
0.5 t.m
A C B
M6

0.5 t.m

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 15
 Example 2:
Calculate the Vertical deflection and slope angle at point (A) for the shown cantilever beam
where: EI=10000 𝑡. 𝑚2
12t 12t
SOLUTION:
❑ Deflection At joint (A) C A
B
2I
Wext=Wint 3.0m 3.0m
𝑀0 𝑀1 𝑑𝑥 36mt
1 × 𝛿𝐴 = න
𝐸𝐼 72mt
B A M0
1 72 × 6 × 6 3
𝛿𝐴 = + [ 36 × 6 + 36 × 3 × 0.5 ]
2𝐸𝐼 3 3
1 567 6mt 1t
𝛿𝐴 = 864 + 270 = M1
2𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 B A

𝛿𝐴 = 0.056𝑚

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 16
❑ Slope At joint (A)
Wext=Wint
𝑀0 𝑀2 𝑑𝑥 12t 12t
1 × 𝜃𝐴 = න
𝐸𝐼 C A
B
1 72 × 1 × 6 36 × 3 × 1 2I
𝜃𝐴 = + 3.0m 3.0m
2𝐸𝐼 2 2
36mt
1 135
𝜃𝐴 = 216 + 54 = 72mt
2𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 A M0
B

𝜃𝐴 = 0.0135 𝑟𝑎𝑑
1m.t
1mt
B A
M2

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 17
 Example 3:
For the shown beam by using the virtual work method Calculate;
1- The Vertical deflection at point (B)
2- The Vertical Deflection at the mid span of part BC
3- The slope at point (C) and relative slope at point B
8t 18t

B D
A C
SOLUTION: 2I I
3.0m 6.0m 3.0m
18t
8t
6t 𝑷𝒂 𝟏𝟖×𝟔
= =12t
𝑳 𝟗

12
18
𝑷𝒂𝒃 𝟏𝟖×𝟔×𝟑
= =36mt
𝑳 𝟗

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 18
 8t 18t
❑ Vertical Deflection At joint (B) B D
A C
Wext=Wint 2I I
3.0m 6.0m 3.0m
𝑀0 𝑀1 𝑑𝑥
1 × 𝛿𝐵 = න 12
𝐸𝐼 18 M0
1 18 × 3 × 3 1.5
𝛿𝐵 = +[ 12 × 3 + 12 × 1.5 × 0.5 ] 1t
2𝐸𝐼 3 3 36
B D
A C
1 76.5 3.0m 6.0m 3.0m
𝛿𝐵 = 54 + 22.5 =
2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼
3 M1
38.25
𝛿𝐵 = 𝑚
𝐸𝐼

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 19
❑ Vertical Deflection At joint (D) 8t
18t

(Mid Span of Part BC) A

B D
C
Wext=Wint 2I I
3.0m 6.0m 3.0m
𝑀0 𝑀2 𝑑𝑥
1 × 𝛿𝐷 = න 12
𝐸𝐼 18 M0
18 × 1.5 × 3 1.5
+ 12 × 3 + 12 × 0.75 × 0.5 27
3×2 3×2 36
1 27 × 2.25 × 4.5 36 × 3 × 1.5 B 1t
𝛿𝐷 = + + A C
𝐸𝐼 3 3 D
+ 1.5
(2.25 × 27 + 36 × 1.5 + 0.5(36 × 2.25 + 27 × 1.5)
3
1t

1 252 0.5t
0.5t
𝛿𝐷 = 13.5 + 5.625 + 91.125 + 54 + 87.75 =
2𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
252 1.5 0.75
B
δD = m A D C
EI
M2
2.25 1.5
DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 20
❑ Slope Deflection At joint (C) 8t
18t
B D
A C
Wext=Wint 2I I
3.0m 6.0m 3.0m
𝑀0 𝑀3 𝑑𝑥
1 × 𝜃𝐷 = න 12
𝐸𝐼 18 M0
18 × 0.33 × 3 1.5
1 − 3×2
−
3×2
12 × 0.33 + 12 × 0.167 × 0.5 27 36
𝜃𝐷 =
𝐸𝐼 36 × 0.667 × 6 3 B
− − (36 × 0.667 + 36 × 1 × 0.5 A C 1m.t
3 3 D

1 −94.25
𝜃𝐷 = −13.5 − 1.25 − 48 − 42 =
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
(1/9)t
94.25 (1/9)t
θD = − m
EI 0.667
0.5 1.0
B
A D C
(0.33)
0.167 M3

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 21
❑ Relative Slope Deflection At joint (B) 8t
18t
B D
A C
Wext=Wint 2I I
3.0m 6.0m 3.0m
𝑀0 𝑀3 𝑑𝑥
1 × 𝜃𝐵𝑅𝑒𝑙 =න 12
𝐸𝐼 18 M0
18 × 1.0 × 3 18 × 0.33 × 3 12 × 1 × 1.5
+ + +
2×2 2×3 2×2 27 36
1 1.5 B
𝜃𝐵𝑅𝑒𝑙 = 12 × 0.33 + 12 × 0.167 × 0.5 A C
𝐸𝐼 3×2
D
36 × 0.33 × 3 6 1m.t 1m.t
− − (36 × 0.33 + 36 × 1 × 0.5
3 3
1m.t
1 −49.75 (1/9)t
𝜃𝐵𝑅𝑒𝑙 = 13.5 + 3 + 4.5 + 1.25 − 12 − 60 = (1/9)t
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
1m.t
0.333
49.75 1.0 0.5
B
θBRel =− m A D C
EI
0.167 M4
(0.33)

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 22
 Example 4:
For the shown beam by using the virtual work method Calculate;
1- The Vertical deflection at point (B)
2- The Vertical Deflection at the mid span of part BC
3- The relative slope at point B

B 12t/m E C D B 12t/m E C D
A A
3.0m 6.0m 3.0m 3.0m 6.0m 3.0m

36 36 B E C D
36 36 A
3.0m 6.0m 3.0m

162 162
36 36 36 36
M0 54
13.5 13.5

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 23
 12t/m
❑Vertical Deflection At joint (B) B E C D
A
Wext=Wint 3.0m 6.0m 3.0m
𝑀0 𝑀1 𝑑𝑥
1 × 𝛿𝐵 = න 162
𝐸𝐼 162

1 162 × 3 × 3 2 M0
𝛿𝐵 = − (13.5 × 3 × 1.5
𝐸𝐼 3 3 13.5 13.5
54

1 445.5
𝛿𝐵 = 486 − 40.5 =
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
1.0t
445.5 M1
𝛿𝐵 = 𝑚
𝐸𝐼
3

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 24
❑ Vertical Deflection At joint (E) B E
12t/m
C D
(Mid Span of Part BC) A
Wext=Wint 3.0m 6.0m 3.0m
𝑀0 𝑀2 𝑑𝑥
1 × 𝛿𝐸 = න 162
𝐸𝐼 162

162 × 1.5 × 3 × 2 2 M0
− 2 × (13.5 × 3 × 0.75
1 3 3 13.5 13.5
𝛿𝐸 = 2 5 54
𝐸𝐼
+2 × (54 × 3 × × 1.5
3 8
1.0t

1 648
𝛿𝐸 = 486 − 40.5 + 202.5 = 0.5t
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 0.5t
648
𝛿𝐸 = 𝑚
𝐸𝐼
1.5 1.5
M2
5/8 1.5
DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 25
 12t/m
❑Relative Slope At point (B) B E C D
A
Wext=Wint
3.0m 6.0m 3.0m
𝑀0 𝑀3 𝑑𝑥
1 × 𝜃𝐵𝑟𝑎𝑙 =න 162
𝐸𝐼 162
162 × 0.5 × 3 162 × 3 × 1.0
+ M0
3 2
2 13.5 13.5
1 − (13.5 × 3 × (1 + .25) 54
3 B C D
𝜃𝐵𝑟𝑎𝑙 =
𝐸𝐼 2 2 A
− (54 × 6 × 0.5 + (13.5 × 3 × 0.25)
3 3 1m.t 1m.t
162 × 0.5 × 3
−
3
1/6t 1/6t
1 108
𝜃𝐵𝑟𝑎𝑙 = 243 − 33.75 − 108 + 6.75 =
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 1.0 1m.t
0.5
108 M3 1.0
𝜃𝐵𝑟𝑎𝑙 = 𝑚 0.5
𝐸𝐼
DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 26
 12t/m
❑Relative Slope At point (B) B E C D
❑Another Solution A

Wext=Wint 3.0m 6.0m 3.0m

𝑀0 𝑀3 𝑑𝑥
1 × 2𝜃𝐵𝑟𝑎𝑙 = න 162
𝐸𝐼 162
162 × 1.0 × 3
2 M0
2 2 13.5 13.5
2𝜃𝐵𝑟𝑎𝑙 = − (13.5 × 3 × 1 54
𝐸𝐼 3 B C D
2 A
− (54 × 6 × 0.5 × 1
3 1m.t 1m.t 1m.t 1m.t
1 108
𝜃𝐵𝑟𝑎𝑙 = 243 − 27 − 108 =
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
108 1.0 1m.t
𝜃𝐵𝑟𝑎𝑙 = 𝑚
𝐸𝐼 M3 1.0

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 27
 Example 5:
For the shown beam by using the virtual work method Calculate;
1- The Vertical deflection at point (C and E)
2- The Vertical Deflection at the mid span of part AB
3- Slope deflection at point A, B, D and D
4- The relative slope at point C 12t
A B C
D E
6m 3m 3m 3m
❑Vertical Deflection At joint (C) 12t
D
C

B 12
A
36

M0

36

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 28
 12t
❑Vertical Deflection At joint (C) A B C
D
E
Wext=Wint 6m 3m 3m 3m
𝑀0 𝑀1 𝑑𝑥 36
1 × 𝛿𝐶 = න
𝐸𝐼 M0
1 36 × 3 × 9
𝛿𝐶 = −
𝐸𝐼 3
36 1t
1 −324 A B C
D
𝛿𝐶 = −324 = E
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
−324 3
𝛿𝐶 = 𝑚
𝐸𝐼 A B C
D M1

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 29
 12t
❑Vertical Deflection At joint (E) A B C
D E
Wext=Wint 6m 3m 3m 3m
𝑀0 𝑀2 𝑑𝑥 36
1 × 𝛿𝐶 = න
𝐸𝐼 M0
1 36 × 3 × 9 36 × 3 × 6
𝛿𝐶 = +
𝐸𝐼 3 3
36
1t
1 540 A B C D E
𝛿𝐶 = 324 + 216 =
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 1t
540 3
𝛿𝐶 = 𝑚
𝐸𝐼 A B C
D M2

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 30
 12t
❑Slope Deflection At joint (A) A B C
D E
Wext=Wint 6m 3m 3m 3m
𝑀0 𝑀3 𝑑𝑥 36
1 × 𝜃𝐴 = න
𝐸𝐼 M0
1 36 × 1 × 6
𝜃𝐴 = −
𝐸𝐼 6
36
1 −36 A B C D E
𝜃𝐴 = −36 =
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
1m.t
−36
𝜃𝐴 = 𝑚 1
𝐸𝐼 A B C
D M3

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 31
 12t
❑Slope Deflection At joint (B) A B C
D E
Wext=Wint 6m 3m 3m 3m
𝑀0 𝑀4 𝑑𝑥 36
1 × 𝜃𝐵 = න
𝐸𝐼 M0
1 36 × 1 × 6
𝜃𝐵 = −
𝐸𝐼 3
36
1 −72 A B C D E
𝜃𝐵 = −72 =
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
1m.t
−72
𝜃𝐵 = 𝑚 1
𝐸𝐼 A B C
D M4

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 32
 12t
❑Slope Deflection At joint (D) A B C
D E
Wext=Wint 6m 3m 3m 3m
𝑀0 𝑀5 𝑑𝑥 36
1 × 𝜃𝐷 = න
𝐸𝐼 M0
1 36 × 1 × 3 36 × 1 × 9
𝜃𝐷 = +
𝐸𝐼 3 3
36
1 144 A B C D E
𝜃𝐷 = 36 + 108 =
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
1m.t
144
𝜃𝐷 = 𝑚
𝐸𝐼 1/3

C 1
A 1 B D
M5
1
DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 33
 12t
❑Slope Deflection At joint (E) A B C
D E
Wext=Wint 6m 3m 3m 3m
𝑀0 𝑀6 𝑑𝑥 36
1 × 𝜃𝐸 = න
𝐸𝐼 M0
1 36 × 1 × 9 36 × 1 × 3 36 × 1 × 3
𝜃𝐸 = + +
𝐸𝐼 3 3 2
36
1 198 A B C D E
𝜃𝐸 = 108 + 36 + 54 =
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 1m.t
198
𝜃𝐸 = 𝑚
𝐸𝐼 1/3

1
A 1 B C
D
M6
1
DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 34
 12t
❑ Relative Slope Deflection At joint (C) A B C
D E
Wext=Wint 6m 3m 3m 3m
𝑀0 𝑀7 𝑑𝑥 36
1 × 𝜃𝐶 = න
𝐸𝐼 M0
36 × 1 × 9 36 × 1 × 6
1 − 3
−
3
𝑅𝐸𝐿 𝜃𝐶 =
𝐸𝐼 36 × 1 × 3 36 × 1 × 3
− + 36 1m.t
2 6 C
A B D E

1 −216 1
1/3
𝜃𝑅𝑒𝑙 𝐶 = −108 − 72 − 54 + 18 =
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
216 1 1
𝜃𝑅𝑒𝑙 𝐶 =− 𝑚 A B C
D
𝐸𝐼 M7

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 35
 ANY QUESTIONS

DR/ASMAA YASSEEN 36