Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 20 views

    Advection Dispersion Equations,: Their Solutions and Applications For Water Quality in River

    Uploaded by

    Hassan khalid
    The document discusses advection dispersion equations and their application for water quality modeling in rivers. It covers key constituents and their values, the effect of treatment on five constituents, constituent transport mechanisms including advection, diffusion, shear-flow dispersion, and the governing advective-diffusion equations. It also summarizes several water quality models from EPA and USGS and the water quality analysis capabilities of the HEC-RAS model.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Advection Dispersion Equations,: Their Solutions and Applications For Water Quality in River

    Uploaded by

    Hassan khalid
    20 views13 pages
    The document discusses advection dispersion equations and their application for water quality modeling in rivers. It covers key constituents and their values, the effect of treatment on five constituents, constituent transport mechanisms including advection, diffusion, shear-flow dispersion, and the governing advective-diffusion equations. It also summarizes several water quality models from EPA and USGS and the water quality analysis capabilities of the HEC-RAS model.

    Original Title

    advection_dispersion

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses advection dispersion equations and their application for water quality modeling in rivers. It covers key constituents and their values, the effect of treatment on five constituents, constituent transport mechanisms including advection, diffusion, shear-flow dispersion, and the governing advective-diffusion equations. It also summarizes several water quality models from EPA and USGS and the water quality analysis capabilities of the HEC-RAS model.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    20 views13 pages

    Advection Dispersion Equations,: Their Solutions and Applications For Water Quality in River

    Uploaded by

    Hassan khalid
    The document discusses advection dispersion equations and their application for water quality modeling in rivers. It covers key constituents and their values, the effect of treatment on five constituents, constituent transport mechanisms including advection, diffusion, shear-flow dispersion, and the governing advective-diffusion equations. It also summarizes several water quality models from EPA and USGS and the water quality analysis capabilities of the HEC-RAS model.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 13

    Advection dispersion equations,

    their solutions and applications for


    water quality in river.

    1
    Important Constituents and their
    representative values

    2
    Effect of Treatment on Five Important
    Constituents

    3
    Constituent Transport
    • Flux, flow rate per unit area, or, quantity per
    unit area per unit time. (gm/m2.sec)
    • Mechanism of Transport
    – ADVECTION (or CONVECTION)
    – DISPERSION

    4
    ADVECTION
    • Advection (or Convection) is bodily transport
    due to the motion of fluid.
    • The constituent moves with the fluid velocity
    • Flux of constituents F = UC, U is velocity of
    flow, and C is concentration of constituents

    5
    Diffusion
    • Diffusion is process of transport of
    constituents in the direction of decreasing
    concentration of the constituents
    • Flux in case of diffusion is proportional to
    concentration gradient
    • Fick’s First Law of Diffusion:

    6
    Diffusion
    • Molecular Diffusion
    – It occurs in stagnant water or in laminar flow
    – It is of interest to chemist
    • Turbulent Diffusion
    – It is of interest to river engineers, as turbulent flow is dominant
    – Turbulent Diffusivity in all direction is same for homogeneous
    turbulence, thus Ex= Ey= Ez
    – Turbulent Diffusivity is of order of 1 to 10,000 cm2/sec (0.001 to
    10 ft2/sec)
    – Diffusivity is measured using tracer studies.
    – It is difficult to measure, so it is taken as Calibration Parameter.

    7
    Shear-Flow Dispersion
    • It is diffusion type transport process
    • It occurs due to non-uniform velocity
    distribution (variation of velocity)

    Advection and Turbulent Diffusion Only Advection + Turbulent Diffusion + Shear Dispersion.
    U and C are average over the cross-section U is non-Uniform, that causes non-uniform mixing,
    8
    and skewed concentration
    Shear-Flow Dispersion
    • When velocity is uniform, only advection and turbulent
    diffusion occurs
    • When Velocity is non uniform, an Additional Longitudinal
    Mixing Process Occurs, that is called Shear-Flow Dispersion
    • Far below the point of injection, a balance is achieved
    between shear and transverse mixing, and a one-d analysis
    is suitable, using a Longitudinal Diffusivity EL.
    • Close to point of injection, 2-d or 3-d analysis should be
    carried out.
    • Magnitude of EL is 100 to 1000 times greater than turbulent
    diffusivities (EX, EY, EZ)
    • Effect of Shear-Flow Dispersion should be taken when 1-d
    or 2-d analysis is carried out.

    9
    Governing Advective-Diffusion
    Equation
    • Governing equation can be derived by
    applying conservation of mass in a control
    volume. (Ref to book of Chang, for derivations).
    • 3d- AD Equation

    10
    Governing Advective-Diffusion
    Equation
    • 2-d AD Equation

    • 1-d AD Equation

    11
    Water Quality Models
    EPA
    • AQUATOX :
    • BASINS: Better Assessment Science Integrating Point
    and Nonpoint Source
    • QUAL2K: River and Stream Water Quality Program
    • SWMM: Storm Water Management Model
    • WASP: Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program

    USGS
    • SPARROW : It is Statistical Analysis System SAS based
    Water Quality Program

    12
    HEC RAS and WATER QUALITY
    • HEC Ras can perform:
    – detailed temperature analysis, and
    – transport of a limited number of water quality constituents;
    • Algae,
    • Dissolved Oxygen (DO),
    • Carbonaceous Biological Oxygen Demand BOD,
    • Dissolved Orthophosphate,
    • Dissolved Organic Phosphorous,
    • Dissolved Ammonium Nitrate,
    • Dissolved Nitrite Nitrogen,
    • Dissolved Nitrate Nitrogen, and
    • Dissolved Organic Nitrogen,

    13

    You might also like