Cambridge O Level

* 0 3 8 8 1 4 4 0 0 4 *

CHEMISTRY 5070/21
Paper 2 Theory May/June 2022
hour 30 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Section A: answer all questions.
● Section B: answer three questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 75.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
● The Periodic Table is printed in the question paper.

This document has 20 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (CJ/AR) 201474/3
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Section A

Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.

The total mark for this section is 45.

1 Choose from the following compounds to answer the questions.

H H H H O

H3C C C O H H 3C C CH3 H 3C C C O H

H H H H
A B C

H3C H H O

C CH2 H 3C C CH3 H O C C O H

H3C CH3 CH3

D E F

H O

H3C C C O CH CH3

H CH3
G

Each compound may be used once, more than once or not at all.

(a) State which compound:

(i) has a molecule with only 14 atoms

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) can be oxidised to form propanoic acid

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) is an isomer of butane

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) reacts with steam to make an alcohol

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(v) can be polymerised to make a polyester.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) State which two compounds in aqueous solution turn blue litmus red.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 6]
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2 Helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon are noble gases in Group VIII.

(a) Name the noble gas which has the greatest volume composition in air.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) State one use for helium.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Radon is very unreactive.

Use the electronic structure of radon to explain why.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) Two isotopes of radon are shown.

220 222
86
Rn 86
Rn

(i) Give one similarity in the atomic structure of these two isotopes.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Give one difference in the atomic structure of these two isotopes.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(e) Xenon forms a compound that contains only xenon, oxygen and fluorine.

The compound contains 22.1% oxygen by mass and 17.5% fluorine by mass.

Calculate the empirical formula of this compound.

empirical formula ......................................................... [3]

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(f) A sample of neon has a volume of 21 dm3 at room temperature and pressure.

(i) The temperature of the sample is increased.

The pressure remains constant.

Describe and explain, using kinetic particle theory, what happens to the volume of the
sample.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The pressure of the sample is increased.

The temperature remains constant.

Describe and explain, using kinetic particle theory, what happens to the volume of the
sample.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Calculate the mass of neon in the 21 dm3 sample.

Give your answer to two significant figures.

mass ...................................................... g [2]

[Total: 12]

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3 Petroleum (crude oil) is a mixture of hydrocarbons.

(a) Petroleum (crude oil) is separated into fractions such as liquefied petroleum gas, petrol
(gasoline) and naphtha.

(i) Name the process used to separate petroleum (crude oil) into fractions.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Name one other fraction separated from petroleum (crude oil).

Give a large-scale use for this fraction.

fraction ..............................................................................................................................

use ....................................................................................................................................
[1]

(iii) Petroleum (crude oil) does not contain enough of the fractions that contain smaller
hydrocarbon molecules such as petrol (gasoline).

Petroleum contains a high proportion of larger hydrocarbon molecules such as naphtha.

Describe how the demand for smaller hydrocarbon molecules is satisfied.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) The structure of chloroethene is shown.

H H

C C
H Cl

Chloroethene is the monomer used to make poly(chloroethene).

Poly(chloroethene) is non-biodegradable.

(i) Explain the meaning of the term non-biodegradable.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(ii) Describe one environmental problem caused by the disposal of non-biodegradable

plastics.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Draw the partial structure of poly(chloroethene).

Show at least two repeat units.

[2]

(iv) A factory uses 100 tonnes of chloroethene to make poly(chloroethene).

Deduce the mass of poly(chloroethene) made. Assume the percentage yield is 100%.

Explain your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(v) Chloroethene reacts with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst.

Suggest the structure of the product of this reaction.

[1]

[Total: 10]

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4 Copper(II) chloride, copper(II) iodide and copper(II) carbonate are ionic compounds.

(a) Predict two physical properties, other than electrical conductivity, of copper(II) chloride.

1. ...............................................................................................................................................

2. ...............................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Copper is a transition element.

Suggest one property of copper(II) chloride that is characteristic of a compound of a transition

element.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Copper reacts with chlorine to make copper(II) chloride.

Cu + Cl 2 CuCl 2

Copper(II) chloride contains Cu2+ and Cl – ions.

Explain, in terms of the movement of electrons, how CuCl 2 is formed from copper atoms and
chlorine molecules.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(d) Copper(II) iodide decomposes to make iodine and copper(I) iodide.

The ionic equation for this reaction is shown.

2Cu2+ + 4I– 2CuI + I2

(i) Use the information to explain that oxidation takes place.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Use the information to explain that reduction takes place.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(e) A sample of copper(II) carbonate is heated strongly.

Name the products of this reaction.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 8]
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5 Iron pyrite, FeS2, is an ore of iron.

When heated in air, FeS2 produces both iron(III) oxide and sulfur dioxide.

(a) Balance the equation shown.

………. FeS2 + ………. O2 ………. Fe2O3 + ……… SO2 [1]

(b) Describe one environmental problem caused by sulfur dioxide in the air.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Describe how sulfur dioxide is converted into sulfuric acid in the contact process.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(d) State one other use of sulfur dioxide.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(e) Iron(III) oxide, coke, limestone and hot air are heated together in a blast furnace to make
molten iron.

Describe the function in the blast furnace of:

(i) coke

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) limestone

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) hot air.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 9]

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Section B

Answer three questions from this section in the spaces provided.

The total mark for this section is 30.

6 Carbon dioxide and water vapour are greenhouse gases found in air.

(a) (i) Name one other greenhouse gas.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State one environmental problem that may be caused by an increase in the percentage
of carbon dioxide in the air.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Draw the dot-and-cross diagram to show the bonding in a molecule of carbon dioxide.

Only show the outer shell electrons.

[1]

(c) Some power stations burn methane, CH4.

Construct the equation to show the complete combustion of methane.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

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(d) The carbon dioxide made in power stations can be removed by a reversible reaction with water.

CO2(g) + H2O(l) H2CO3(aq)

The forward reaction is exothermic.

(i) The concentration of carbon dioxide is increased.

The temperature is kept constant.

Predict and explain how the position of equilibrium changes.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) The temperature of the water is increased.

All other conditions are kept constant.

Predict and explain how the position of equilibrium changes.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(e) Carbonic acid, H2CO3(aq), is a weak acid.

(i) What is the meaning of the term weak in weak acid?

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Carbonic acid contains a small concentration of carbonate ions, CO32–(aq).

If carbonic acid is pumped deep underground, the CO32–(aq) will react with metal ions to
form insoluble carbonates.

Write the ionic equation for the reaction of magnesium ions with CO32–(aq).

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 10]

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7 Aqueous ammonium nitrite, NH4NO2(aq), decomposes when heated, as shown.

NH4NO2(aq) N2(g) + 2H2O(l)

(a) A 25.0 cm3 sample of 0.150 mol / dm3 NH4NO2(aq) is heated.

Calculate the maximum volume, in dm3, of nitrogen formed, measured at room temperature
and pressure.

volume of nitrogen ................................................... dm3 [2]

(b) The concentration of NH4NO2(aq) is decreased.

The temperature of the reaction remains constant.

State and explain how the rate of reaction changes.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(c) NH4NO2 contains the ammonium ion, NH4+, and the nitrite ion.

A mixture of aqueous calcium hydroxide and NH4NO2(s) is warmed.

Calcium nitrite, water and a gas are formed. The gas turns damp red litmus paper blue.

Construct the equation for this reaction.

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

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(d) NH4NO2(aq) is added to a sample of aqueous potassium iodide.

A brown solution is formed.

(i) Name the brown solution.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Name the type of reaction that causes this brown solution to form.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 10]

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8 Silver is a transition element with proton number 47.

(a) Use the Periodic Table to state the number of occupied electron shells in an atom of silver.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Describe, with the aid of a diagram, the metallic bonding in silver.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(c) Give two physical properties of silver that are only characteristic of transition elements but
not of all metals.

1. ...............................................................................................................................................

2. ...............................................................................................................................................
[1]

(d) Silver nitrate is a white crystalline soluble salt.

Name a suitable combination of an acid and an insoluble base which is used to prepare silver
nitrate.

acid ...........................................................................................................................................

base ..........................................................................................................................................
[1]

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(e) Aqueous silver nitrate, AgNO3(aq), is electrolysed using inert electrodes.

The products of the electrolysis are silver and oxygen.

(i) Silver ions are reduced at the cathode to make silver atoms.

Construct the ionic equation for this reduction.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Hydroxide ions are oxidised at the anode to make both oxygen molecules and water
molecules.

Construct the ionic equation for this oxidation.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Explain why solid silver nitrate cannot be electrolysed.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(f) Acidified aqueous silver nitrate reacts with aqueous sodium iodide.

State the observations for this reaction.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 10]

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9 The structure of propenyl ethanoate is shown.

H O H H H

H C C O C C C

H H H

(a) Use the structure to explain why propenyl ethanoate is unsaturated.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Describe a chemical test to show that propenyl ethanoate is unsaturated.

test ............................................................................................................................................

observation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) Propenyl ethanoate is prepared by the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, as
shown.

H O H H H H O H H H

H C C O H + H O C C C H C C O C C C + H O H

H H H H H H

(i) Name the carboxylic acid used.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The reaction uses concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst.

Describe how a catalyst speeds up a chemical reaction.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

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(d) In an experiment 11.6 g of the alcohol is reacted with an excess of the carboxylic acid. The
experimental yield of propenyl ethanoate is 6.72 g.

[The relative formula mass of propenyl ethanoate is 100.]

(i) Show that the maximum possible yield of propenyl ethanoate is 20.0 g.

[3]

(ii) Calculate the percentage yield of propenyl ethanoate in this experiment.

% yield .......................................................... [1]

[Total: 10]

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 The Periodic Table of Elements
Group

© UCLES 2022
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
1 2

H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
20

85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

5070/21/M/J/22
lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Fl Lv
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium flerovium livermorium
– – – – – – – – – – – – –

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).