Parametric Analysis in ANSYS Workbench Using ANSYS Fluent

Chapter 2: Parametric Analysis in ANSYS Workbench Using ANSYS
Fluent
This tutorial is divided into the following sections:
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Prerequisites
2.3. Problem Description
2.4. Setup and Solution
2.1. Introduction
This tutorial illustrates using an ANSYS Fluent fluid flow system in ANSYS Workbench to set up and
solve a three-dimensional turbulent fluid flow and heat transfer problem in an automotive heating,
ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) duct system. ANSYS Workbench uses parameters and design
points to allow you to run optimization and what-if scenarios. You can define both input and output
parameters in ANSYS Fluent that can be used in your ANSYS Workbench project. You can also define
parameters in other applications including ANSYS DesignModeler and ANSYS CFD-Post. Once you have
defined parameters for your system, a Parameters cell is added to the system and the Parameter Set
bus bar is added to your project. This tutorial is designed to introduce you to the parametric analysis
utility available in ANSYS Workbench.
The tutorial starts with a Fluid Flow (Fluent) analysis system with pre-defined geometry and mesh
components. Within this tutorial, you will redefine the geometry parameters created in ANSYS Design-
Modeler by adding constraints to the input parameters. You will use ANSYS Fluent to set up and solve
the CFD problem. While defining the problem set-up, you will also learn to define input parameters in
ANSYS Fluent. The tutorial will also provide information on how to create output parameters in ANSYS
CFD-Post.
This tutorial demonstrates how to do the following:
• Add constraints to the ANSYS DesignModeler input parameters.
• Create an ANSYS Fluent fluid flow analysis system in ANSYS Workbench.
• Set up the CFD simulation in ANSYS Fluent, which includes:
– Setting material properties and boundary conditions for a turbulent forced convection problem.
– Defining input parameters in Fluent
• Define output parameters in CFD-Post
• Create additional design points in ANSYS Workbench.
• Run multiple CFD simulations by updating the design points.
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Parametric Analysis in ANSYS Workbench Using ANSYS Fluent
• Analyze the results of each design point project in ANSYS CFD-Post and ANSYS Workbench.
Important
The mesh and solution settings for this tutorial are designed to demonstrate a basic paramet-
erization simulation within a reasonable solution time-frame. Ordinarily, you would use addi-
tional mesh and solution settings to obtain a more accurate solution.
2.2. Prerequisites
This tutorial assumes that you are already familiar with the ANSYS Workbench interface and its project
workflow (for example, ANSYS DesignModeler, ANSYS Meshing, ANSYS Fluent, and ANSYS CFD-Post).
This tutorial also assumes that you have completed Introduction to Using ANSYS Fluent in ANSYS
Workbench: Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Mixing Elbow (p. 1), and that you are familiar with the
ANSYS Fluent graphical user interface. Some steps in the setup and solution procedure will not be
shown explicitly.
2.3. Problem Description

In the past, evaluation of vehicle air conditioning systems was performed using prototypes and testing
their performance in test labs. However, the design process of modern vehicle air conditioning (AC)
systems improved with the introduction of Computer Aided Design (CAD), Computer Aided Engineering
(CAE) and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM). The AC system specification will include minimum
performance requirements, temperatures, control zones, flow rates, and so on. Performance testing
using CFD may include fluid velocity (air flow), pressure values, and temperature distribution. Using
CFD enables the analysis of fluid through very complex geometry and boundary conditions.
As part of the analysis, a designer can change the geometry of the system or the boundary conditions
such as the inlet velocity, flow rate, and so on, and view the effect on fluid flow patterns. This tutorial
illustrates the AC design process on a representative automotive HVAC system consisting of both an
evaporator for cooling and a heat exchanger for heating requirements. This HVAC system is symmetric,
so the geometry has been simplified using a plane of symmetry to reduce computation time.
74 of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
Problem Description
Figure 2.1: Automotive HVAC System
Figure 2.2: HVAC System Valve Location Details
Figure 2.1: Automotive HVAC System (p. 75) shows a representative automotive HVAC system. The system
has three valves (as shown in Figure 2.2: HVAC System Valve Location Details (p. 76)), which control the
flow in the HVAC system. The three valves control:
• Flow over the heat exchanger coils
• Flow towards the duct controlling the flow through the floor vents
• Flow towards the front vents or towards the windshield
Air enters the HVAC system at 310 K with a velocity of 0.5 m/sec through the air inlet and passes to
the evaporator and then, depending on the position of the valve controlling flow to the heat exchanger,
flows over or bypasses the heat exchanger. Depending on the cooling and heating requirements, either
the evaporator or the heat exchanger would be operational, but not both at the same time. The position
of the other two valves controls the flow towards the front panel, the windshield, or towards the floor
ducts.
The motion of the valves is constrained. The valve controlling flow over the heat exchanger varies
between 25° and 90°. The valve controlling the floor flow varies between 20° and 60°. The valve con-
trolling flow towards front panel or windshield varies between 15° and 175°.
The evaporator load is about 200 W in the cooling cycle. The heat exchanger load is about 150 W.
This tutorial illustrates the easiest way to analyze the effects of the above parameters on the flow pat-
tern/distribution and the outlet temperature of air (entering the passenger cabin). Using the parametric
Setup and Solution
analysis capability in ANSYS Workbench, a designer can check the performance of the system at various
design points.
Figure 2.3: Flow Pattern for the Cooling Cycle
2.4. Setup and Solution

To help you quickly identify graphical user interface items at a glance and guide you through the steps
of setting up and running your simulation, the ANSYS Fluent Tutorial Guide uses several type styles and
mini flow charts. See Typographical Conventions Used In This Manual (p. xvi) for detailed information.
The following sections describe the setup and solution steps for this tutorial:
2.4.1. Preparation
2.4.2. Adding Constraints to ANSYS DesignModeler Parameters in ANSYS Workbench
2.4.3. Setting Up the CFD Simulation in ANSYS Fluent
2.4.4. Defining Input Parameters in ANSYS Fluent
2.4.5. Solving
2.4.6. Postprocessing and Setting the Output Parameters in ANSYS CFD-Post
2.4.7. Creating Additional Design Points in ANSYS Workbench

2.4.8. Postprocessing the New Design Points in CFD-Post
2.4.9. Summary
2.4.1. Preparation
To prepare for running this tutorial:
1. Set up a working folder on the computer you will be using.
2. Go to the ANSYS Customer Portal, https://support.ansys.com/training.
Note
If you do not have a login, you can request one by clicking Customer Registration on
the log in page.
3. Enter the name of this tutorial into the search bar.
4. Narrow the results by using the filter on the left side of the page.
a. Click ANSYS Fluent under Product.
b. Click 18.0 under Version.
5. Select this tutorial from the list.
6. Click the workbench-parameter-tutorial_R180.zip link to download the input files.
7. Unzip the workbench-parameter-tutorial_R180.zip file to your working folder.
The extracted workbench-parameter-tutorial folder contains a single archive file fluent-

workbench-param.wbpz that includes all supporting input files of the starting ANSYS Workbench
project and a folder called final_project_files that includes the archived final version of the
project. The final result files incorporate ANSYS Fluent and ANSYS CFD-Post settings and all already
defined design points (all that is required is to update the design points in the project to generate cor-
responding solutions).
Note
ANSYS Fluent tutorials are prepared using ANSYS Fluent on a Windows system. The screen
shots and graphic images in the tutorials may be slightly different than the appearance on
your system, depending on the operating system or graphics card.
2.4.2. Adding Constraints to ANSYS DesignModeler Parameters in ANSYS

Workbench
In this step, you will start ANSYS Workbench, open the project file, review existing parameters, create
new parameters, and add constraints to existing ANSYS DesignModeler parameters.
Setup and Solution
1. From the Windows Start menu, select Start > All Programs > ANSYS 18.0 > Workbench 18.0 to start
ANSYS Workbench.
This displays the ANSYS Workbench application window, which has the Toolbox on the left and the
Project Schematic to its right. Various supported applications are listed in the Toolbox, and the
components of the analysis system are displayed in the Project Schematic.
Note
When you first start ANSYS Workbench, the Getting Started message window is displayed,
offering assistance through the online help for using the application. You can keep the
window open, or close it by clicking OK. If you need to access the online help at any
time, use the Help menu, or press the F1 key.
2. Restore the archive of the starting ANSYS Workbench project to your working directory.
File → Restore Archive...
The Select Archive to Restore dialog box appears.
a. Browse to your working directory, select the project archive file fluent-workbench-param.wbpz,
and click Open.
The Save As dialog box appears.
b. Browse, if necessary, to your working folder and click Save to restore the project file, fluent-work-
bench-param.wbpj, and a corresponding project folder, fluent-workbench-param_files,
for this tutorial.
Now that the project archive has been restored, the project will automatically open in ANSYS
Workbench.
Figure 2.4: The Project Loaded into ANSYS Workbench
The project (fluent-workbench-param.wbpj) already has a Fluent-based fluid flow analysis

system that includes the geometry and mesh, as well as some predefined parameters. You will first
examine and edit parameters within Workbench, then later proceed to define the fluid flow model
in ANSYS Fluent.
3. Open the Files view in ANSYS Workbench so you can view the files associated with the current project and
are written during the session.
View → Files
Setup and Solution
Figure 2.5: The Project Loaded into ANSYS Workbench Displaying Properties and Files View
Note the types of files that have been created for this project. Also note the states of the cells for the
Fluid Flow (Fluent) analysis system. Since the geometry has already been defined, the status of the Geo-
metry cell is Up-to-Date ( ). Since the mesh is not complete, the Mesh cell’s state is Refresh Required
( ), and since the ANSYS Fluent setup is incomplete and the simulation has yet to be performed, with
no corresponding results, the state for the Setup, Solution, and Results cells is Unfulfilled ( ). For more
information about cell states, see the Workbench User's Guide.
4. Review the input parameters that have already been defined in ANSYS DesignModeler.
a. Double-click the Parameter Set bus bar in the ANSYS Workbench Project Schematic to open the
Parameters Set tab.
Note
To return to viewing the Project Schematic, click the Project tab.
b. In the Outline of All Parameters view (Figure 2.6: Parameters Defined in ANSYS DesignModeler (p. 82)),
review the following existing parameters:
• The parameter hcpos represents the valve position that controls the flow over the heat exchanger.
When the valve is at an angle of 25°, it allows the flow to pass over the heat exchanger. When the
angle is 90°, it completely blocks the flow towards the heat exchanger. Any value in between allows
some flow to pass over the heat exchanger giving a mixed flow condition.
• The parameter ftpos represents the valve position that controls flow towards the floor duct. When
the valve is at an angle of 20°, it blocks the flow towards the floor duct and when the valve angle is
60°, it unblocks the flow.
• The parameter wsfpos represents the valve position that controls flow towards the windshield and
the front panel. When the valve is at an angle of 15°, it allows the entire flow to go towards the
windshield. When the angle is 90°, it completely blocks the flow towards windshield as well as the
front panel. When the angle is 175°, it allows the flow to go towards the windshield and the front
panel.
Figure 2.6: Parameters Defined in ANSYS DesignModeler
5. In the Outline of All Parameters view, create three new named input parameters.
a. In the row that contains New input parameter, click the parameter table cell with New name (under
the Parameter Name column) and enter input_hcpos. Note the ID of the parameter that appears
in column A of the table. For the new input parameter, the parameter ID is P4. In the Value column,
enter 15.
b. In a similar manner, create two more parameters named input_ftpos and input_wsfpos. In the
Value column, enter 25, and 90 for each new parameter (P5 and P6), respectively.
Setup and Solution
Figure 2.7: New Parameters Defined in ANSYS Workbench
6. Select the row (or any cell in the row) that corresponds to the hcpos parameter. In the Properties of
Outline view, change the value of the hcpos parameter in the Expression field from 90 to the expression
min(max(25,P4),90). This puts a constraint on the value of hcpos, so that the value always remains
between 25° and 90°. The redefined parameter hcpos is automatically passed to ANSYS DesignModeler.
Alternatively the same constraint can also be set using the expression max(25, min(P4,90)).
After defining this expression, the parameter becomes a derived parameter that is dependent on
the value of the parameter input_hcpos with ID P4. The derived parameters are unavailable for
editing in the Outline of All Parameters view and could be redefined only in the Properties of
Outline view.
Important
When entering expressions, you must use the list and decimal delimiters associated with
your selected language in the Workbench regional and language settings, which corres-
pond to the regional settings on your machine. The instructions in this tutorial assume
that your systems uses “.” as a decimal separator and “,” as a list separator.
Figure 2.8: Constrained Parameter hcpos
7. Select the row or any cell in the row that corresponds to the ftpos parameter and create a similar expression
for ftpos: min(max(20,P5),60).
Setup and Solution
Figure 2.9: Constrained Parameter ftpos
8. Create a similar expression for wsfpos: min(max(15,P6),175).
Figure 2.10: Constrained Parameter wsfpos
9. Click the X on the right side of the Parameters Set tab to close it and return to the Project Schematic.
Note the new status of the cells in the Fluid Flow (Fluent) analysis system. Since we have changed
the values of hcpos, ftpos, and wsfpos to their new expressions, the Geometry and Mesh cells
now indicates Refresh Required ( ).
10. Update the Geometry and Mesh cells.
a. Right-click the Geometry cell and select the Update option from the context menu.
b. Likewise, right-click the Mesh cell and select the Refresh option from the context menu. Once the cell
is refreshed, then right-click the Mesh cell again and select the Update option from the context menu.
11. Save the project in ANSYS Workbench.
In the main menu, select File → Save
Setup and Solution
2.4.3. Setting Up the CFD Simulation in ANSYS Fluent

Now that you have edited the parameters for the project, you will set up a CFD analysis using ANSYS
Fluent. In this step, you will start ANSYS Fluent, and begin setting up the CFD simulation.
2.4.3.1. Starting ANSYS Fluent

In the ANSYS Workbench Project Schematic, double-click the Setup cell in the ANSYS Fluent fluid flow
analysis system. You can also right-click the Setup cell to display the context menu where you can select
the Edit... option.
When ANSYS Fluent is first started, Fluent Launcher is displayed, allowing you to view and/or set certain
ANSYS Fluent start-up options.
Fluent Launcher allows you to decide which version of ANSYS Fluent you will use, based on your geometry
and on your processing capabilities.
Figure 2.11: ANSYS Fluent Launcher
1. Ensure that the proper options are enabled.
Important
Note that the Dimension setting is already filled in and cannot be changed, since ANSYS
Fluent automatically sets it based on the mesh or geometry for the current system.
a. Ensure that the Display Mesh After Reading and Workbench Color Scheme options are enabled.
Note
An option is enabled when there is a check mark in the check box, and disabled when
the check box is empty. To change an option from disabled to enabled (or vice versa),
click the check box or the text.
b. Ensure that Serial is selected from the Processing Options list.
Note
Parallel processing offers a substantial reduction in computational time. Refer to Intro-

duction to Using ANSYS Fluent: Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Mixing Elbow (p. 121)
in this manual and the Fluent User's Guide for further information about using the
parallel processing capabilities of ANSYS Fluent.
c. Ensure that the Double Precision option is disabled.
Note
Fluent will retain your preferences for future sessions.
2. Click OK to launch ANSYS Fluent.
Setup and Solution
Figure 2.12: The ANSYS Fluent Application
2.4.3.2. Setting Up Physics

1. In the Solver group of the Setting Up Physics ribbon tab, retain the default selection of the steady pressure-
based solver.
Setting Up Physics → Solver
2. Set up your models for the CFD simulation using the Models group of the Setting Up Physics ribbon tab.
a. Enable heat transfer by activating the energy equation.
In the Setting Up Physics ribbon tab, select Energy (Models group).
Setting Up Physics → Models → Energy
b. Enable the - turbulence model.
Setting Up Physics → Models → Viscous...
i. Select k-epsilon (2 eqn) from the Model group box.
ii. Select Enhanced Wall Treatment from the Near-Wall Treatment group box.
Setup and Solution
The default Standard Wall Functions are generally applicable when the cell layer adjacent to the
wall has a y+ larger than 30. In contrast, the Enhanced Wall Treatment option provides consistent
solutions for all y+ values. Enhanced Wall Treatment is recommended when using the k-epsilon
model for general single-phase fluid flow problems. For more information about Near Wall
Treatments in the k-epsilon model refer to the Fluent User's Guide.
iii. Click OK to retain the other default settings, enable the model, and close the Viscous Model dialog
box.
Note that the Viscous... label in the ribbon is displayed in blue to indicate that the Viscous
model is enabled.
3. Define a heat source cell zone condition for the evaporator volume.
Setting Up Physics → Zones → Cell Zones
Note
All cell zones defined in your simulation are listed in the Cell Zone Conditions task page
and under the Setup/Cell Zone Conditions tree branch.
a. In the Cell Zone Conditions task page, under the Zone list, select fluid-evaporator and click Edit...
to open the Fluid dialog box.
b. In the Fluid dialog box, enable Source Terms.
c. In the Source Terms tab, click the Edit... button next to Energy.
d. In the Energy sources dialog box, change the Number of Energy sources to 1.
e. For the new energy source, select constant from the drop-down list, and enter -787401.6 W/m3 —
based on the evaporator load (200 W) divided by the evaporator volume (0.000254 m3) that was com-
puted earlier.
f. Click OK to close the Energy Source dialog box.
g. Click OK to close the Fluid dialog box.
2.4.4. Defining Input Parameters in ANSYS Fluent

You have now started setting up the CFD analysis using ANSYS Fluent. In this step, you will define
boundary conditions and input parameters for the velocity inlet.
1. Define an input parameter called in_velocity for the velocity at the inlet boundary.
a. In the Setting Up Physics tab, click Boundaries (Zones group).
Setting Up Physics → Zones → Boundaries
This opens the Boundary Conditions task page.
Note
All boundaries defined in the case are also displayed under the Setup/Boundary
Conditions tree branch.
b. In the Boundary Conditions task page, click the Toggle Tree View button (in the upper right corner),
and under the Group By category, select Zone Type. This displays boundary zones grouped by zone
type.
c. Under the Inlet zone type, double-click inlet-air.
Setup and Solution
d. In the Velocity Inlet dialog box, from the Velocity Magnitude drop-down list, select New Input
Parameter....
This displays the Input Parameter Properties dialog box.
e. Enter in_velocity for the Name, and enter 0.5 m/s for the Current Value.
f. Click OK to close the Input Parameter Properties dialog box.
g. Under the Turbulence group box, from the Specification Method drop-down list, select Intensity
and Hydraulic Diameter.
h. Retain the value of 5 for Turbulent Intensity.
i. Enter 0.061 for Hydraulic Diameter (m).
2. Define an input parameter called in_temp for the temperature at the inlet boundary.
a. In the Thermal tab of the Velocity Inlet dialog box, select New Input Parameter... from the
Temperature drop-down list.
b. Enter in_temp for the Name and enter 310 K for the Current Value in the Input Parameter
Properties dialog box.
c. Click OK to close the Input Parameter Properties dialog box.
d. Click OK to close the Velocity Inlet dialog box.
3. Review all of the input parameters that you have defined in ANSYS Fluent under the Parameters & Cus-
tomization/Parameters tree branch.
Parameters & Customization → Parameters → Input Parameters
Figure 2.13: The Input Parameters Sub-Branch in ANSYS Fluent
Setup and Solution
These parameters are passed to ANSYS Fluent component system in ANSYS Workbench and are
available for editing in ANSYS Workbench (see Figure 2.14: The Parameters View in ANSYS Work-
bench (p. 95)).
Figure 2.14: The Parameters View in ANSYS Workbench
4. Set the turbulence parameters for backflow at the front outlets and foot outlets.
a. In the Boundary Conditions task page, type outlet in the Zone filter text entry field. Note that as
you type, the names of the boundary zones beginning with the characters you entered appear in the
boundary condition zone list.
Note
• The search string can include wildcards. For example, entering *let* will display all zone
names containing let, such as inlet and outlet.
• To display all zones again, click the red X icon in the Zone filter.
b. Double-click outlet-front-mid.
c. In the Pressure Outlet dialog box, under the Turbulence group box, select Intensity and Hydraulic
Diameter from the Specification Method drop-down list.
d. Retain the value of 5 for Backflow Turbulent Intensity (%).
e. Enter 0.044 for Backflow Hydraulic Diameter (m).
These values will only be used if reversed flow occurs at the outlets. It is a good idea to set reasonable
values to prevent adverse convergence behavior if backflow occurs during the calculation.
f. Click OK to close the Pressure Outlet dialog box.
g. Copy the boundary conditions from outlet-front-mid to the other front outlet.
Setup → Boundary Conditions → outlet-front-mid Copy...
Setup and Solution
i. Confirm that outlet-front-mid is selected in the From Boundary Zone selection list.
ii. Select outlet-front-side-left in the To Boundary Zones selection list.
iii. Click Copy to copy the boundary conditions.
Fluent will display a dialog box asking you to confirm that you want to copy the boundary con-
ditions.
iv. Click OK to confirm.
v. Close the Copy Conditions dialog box.
h. In a similar manner, set the backflow turbulence conditions for outlet-foot-left using the values in the
following table:
Parameter Value
Specification Method Intensity and Hydraulic Diameter
Backflow Turbulent Intensity (%) 5
Backflow Hydraulic Diameter (m) 0.052
2.4.5. Solving
In the steps that follow, you will set up and run the calculation using the Solving ribbon tab.
Note
You can also use the task pages listed under the Solution branch in the tree to perform
solution-related activities.
1. Set the Solution Methods.
Solving → Solution → Methods...
This will open the Solution Methods task page.
a. From the Scheme drop-down list, select Coupled.
The pressure-based coupled solver is the recommended choice for general fluid flow simulations.
b. In the Spatial Discretization group box, configure the following settings:
Setting Value
Pressure PRESTO!
Momentum First Order Upwind
Energy First Order Upwind
Setup and Solution
This tutorial is primarily intended to demonstrate the use of parameterization and design points
when running Fluent from Workbench. Therefore, you will run a simplified analysis using first
order discretization, which will yield faster convergence. These settings were chosen to speed up
solution time for this tutorial. Usually, for cases like this, we would recommend higher order
discretization settings to be set for all flow equations to ensure improved results accuracy.
2. Initialize the flow field using the Initialization group of the Solving ribbon tab.
Solving → Initialization
a. Retain the default selection of Hybrid Initialization.
b. Click the Initialize button.
3. Run the simulation in ANSYS Fluent from the Run Calculation group of the Solving tab.
Solving → Run Calculation
a. For Number of Iterations, enter 1000.
b. Click the Calculate button.
The solution converges within approximately 55 iterations.
Throughout the calculation, Fluent displays a warning in the console regarding reversed flow at the
outlets. This behavior is expected in this case since air is redirected to the outlets, creating small regions
of recirculation.
Note
The warning message can be switched off by setting the solve/set/flow-warnings

text user interface (TUI) command to no in the console.
4. Close Fluent.
File → Close Fluent
File → Save
2.4.6. Postprocessing and Setting the Output Parameters in ANSYS CFD-Post

In this step, you will visualize the results of your CFD simulation using ANSYS CFD-Post. You will plot
vectors that are colored by pressure, velocity, and temperature, on a plane within the geometry. In ad-
dition, you will create output parameters within ANSYS CFD-Post for later use in ANSYS Workbench.
In the ANSYS Workbench Project Schematic, double-click the Results cell in the ANSYS Fluent fluid
flow analysis system to start CFD-Post. You can also right-click the Results cell to display the context
menu where you can select the Edit... option.
The CFD-Post application appears with the automotive HVAC geometry already loaded and displayed
in outline mode. Note that ANSYS Fluent results (that is, the case and data files) are also automatically
loaded into CFD-Post.
Figure 2.15: The Automotive HVAC Geometry Loaded into CFD-Post
1. Edit some basic settings in CFD-Post (for example, changing the background color to white).
Edit → Options...
a. In the Options dialog box, select Viewer under CFD-Post in the tree view.
Setup and Solution
b. Under the Background group, from the Color Type drop-down list, select Solid.
c. Click the Color sample bar to cycle through common color swatches until it displays white.
Tip
You can also click the ellipsis icon to bring up a color selector dialog box from
which you can choose an arbitrary color.
d. Click OK to set the white background color for the display and close the Options dialog box.
2. Adjust the color-map legend to show the numbers in floating format.
a. In the Outline tree view, double-click Default Legend View 1 to display the Details view for
the default legend to be used for your plots.
b. In the Definition tab of the Details view, from the Title Mode drop-down list, select Variable.
c. In the Appearance tab, set the Precision to 2 and Fixed.
d. Click Apply to set the display.
3. Plot vectors colored by pressure.
a. From the main menu, select Insert → Vector or click in the ANSYS CFD-Post toolbar.
This displays the Insert Vector dialog box.
b. Keep the default name of Vector 1 by clicking OK.
c. In the Details view for Vector 1, under the Geometry tab, configure the following settings.
Setup and Solution
i. Ensure All Domains is selected from the Domains drop-down list.
ii. From the Locations drop-down list, select symmetry central unit.
iii. From the Sampling drop-down list, select Equally Spaced.
iv. Set the # of Points to 10000.
v. From the Projection drop-down list, select Tangential.
d. In the Color tab, configure the following settings.
i. From the Mode drop-down list, select Variable.
ii. From the Variable drop-down list, select Pressure.
e. In the Symbol tab, configure the following settings.
i. Set the Symbol Size to 0.05.
ii. Enable Normalize Symbols.
f. Click Apply.
Vector 1 appears under User Locations and Plots in the Outline tree view.
In the graphics display window, note that symmetry-central-unit shows the vectors colored by
pressure. Use the controls in CFD-Post to rotate the geometry (for example, clicking the dark blue
axis in the axis triad of the graphics window). Zoom into the view as shown in Figure 2.16: Vectors
Colored by Pressure (p. 105).
Note
To better visualize the vector display, you can deselect the Wireframe view option
under User Locations and Plots in the Outline tree view.
Setup and Solution
Figure 2.16: Vectors Colored by Pressure
4. Plot vectors colored by velocity.
a. In the Details view for Vector 1, under the Color tab, configure the following settings.
i. Select Velocity from the Variable drop-down list.
ii. Click Apply.
The velocity vector plot appears on the symmetry-central-unit symmetry plane.
Figure 2.17: Vectors Colored by Velocity
5. Plot vectors colored by temperature.
a. In the Details view for Vector 1, under the Color tab, configure the following settings.
i. Select Temperature from the Variable drop-down list.
ii. Select User Specified from the Range drop-down list.
iii. Enter 273 K for the Min temperature value.
iv. Enter 310 K for the Max temperature value.
v. Click Apply.
The user-specified range is selected much narrower than the Global and Local ranges in order
to better show the variation.
Setup and Solution
Figure 2.18: Vectors Colored by Temperature
Note the orientation of the various valves and how they impact the flow field. Later in this tutorial, you
will change these valve angles to see how the flow field changes.
6. Create two surface groups.
Surface groups are collections of surface locations in CFD-Post. In this tutorial, two surface groups
are created in CFD-Post that will represent all of the outlets and all of the front outlets. Once created,
specific commands (or expressions) will be applied to these groups in order to calculate a particular
numerical value at that surface.
a. Create a surface group consisting of all outlets.
i. With the Outline tree view open in the CFD-Post tree view, open the Insert Surface Group dialog
box.
Insert → Location → Surface Group
ii. Enter alloutlets for the Name of the surface group, and click OK to close the Insert Surface
Group dialog box.
iii. In the Details view for the alloutlets surface group, in the Geometry tab, click the ellipsis icon
next to Locations to display the Location Selector dialog box.
iv. Select all of the outlet surfaces (outlet foot left, outlet front mid, outlet front
side left, and outlet windshield) in the Location Selector dialog box (hold Ctrl for
multiple selection) and click OK.
v. Click Apply in the Details view for the new surface group.
alloutlets appears under User Locations and Plots in the Outline tree view.
b. Create a surface group for the front outlets.
Setup and Solution
Perform the same steps as described above to create a surface group called frontoutlets
with locations for the front outlets (outlet front mid and outlet front side left).
7. Create expressions in CFD-Post and mark them as ANSYS Workbench output parameters.
In this tutorial, programmatic commands or expressions are written to obtain numerical values for
the mass flow rate from all outlets, as well as at the front outlets, windshield, and foot outlets. The
surface groups you defined earlier are used to write the expressions.
a. Create an expression for the mass flow from all outlets.
i. With the Expressions tab open in the CFD-Post tree view, open the Insert Expression dialog box.
Insert → Expression
ii. Enter floutfront for the Name of the expression and click OK to close the Insert Expression
dialog box.
iii. In the Details view for the new expression, enter the following in the Definition tab.
-(massFlow()@frontoutlets)*2
The sign convention for massFlow() is such that a positive value represents flow into the domain
and a negative value represents flow out of the domain. Since you are defining an expression for
outflow from the ducts, you use the negative of the massFlow() result in the definition of the
expression.
iv. Click Apply to obtain a Value for the expression.
Note the new addition in the list of expressions in the Expressions tab in CFD-Post.
In this case, there is a small net backflow into the front ducts.
v. Right-click the new expression and select Use as Workbench Output Parameter from the context
menu. A small “P” with a right-pointing arrow appears on the expression’s icon.
b. Create an expression for the mass flow from the wind shield.
i. Perform the same steps as described above to create an expression called floutwindshield
with the following definition:
-(massFlow()@outlet windshield)*2
ii. Right-click the new expression and select Use as Workbench Output Parameter from the context
menu.
c. Create an expression for the mass flow from the foot outlets.
i. Perform the same steps as described above to create an expression called floutfoot with the
following definition:
-(massFlow()@outlet foot left)*2
menu.
d. Create an expression for the mass weighted average outlet temperature.

i. Perform the same steps as described above to create an expression called outlettemp with the
following definition:
massFlowAveAbs(Temperature)@alloutlets
menu.
8. Close ANSYS CFD-Post.
In the main menu, select File → Close CFD-POST to return to ANSYS Workbench.
9. In the Outline of All Parameters view of the Parameter Set tab (double-click Parameter Set), review the
newly-added output parameters that you specified in ANSYS CFD-Post and when finished, click the Project
tab to return to the Project Schematic.
10. If any of the cells in the analysis system require attention, update the project by clicking the Update Project
button in the ANSYS Workbench toolbar.
11. Optionally, review the list of files generated by ANSYS Workbench. If the Files view is not open, select View
→ Files from the main menu.
You will notice additional files associated with the latest solution as well as those generated by CFD-
Post.
Setup and Solution
Figure 2.19: The Updated Project Loaded into ANSYS Workbench Displaying the Files View
In the main menu, select File → Save
Note
You can also select the Save Project option from the CFD-Post File ribbon tab.
2.4.7. Creating Additional Design Points in ANSYS Workbench

Parameters and design points are tools that allow you to analyze and explore a project by giving you
the ability to run optimization and what-if scenarios. Design points are based on sets of parameter
values. When you define input and output parameters in your ANSYS Workbench project, you are es-
sentially working with a design point. To perform optimization and what-if scenarios, you create multiple
design points based on your original project. In this step, you will create additional design points for
your project where you will be able to perform a comparison of your results by manipulating input
parameters (such as the angles of the various valves within the automotive HVAC geometry). ANSYS
Workbench provides a Table of Design Points to make creating and manipulating design points more
convenient.
1. Open the Table of Design Points.
a. In the Project Schematic, double-click the Parameter Set bus bar to open the Table of Design
Points view. If the table is not visible, select Table from the View menu in ANSYS Workbench.
View → Table
The table of design points initially contains the current project as a design point (DP0),
along with its corresponding input and output parameter values.
Figure 2.20: Table of Design Points (with DP0)
From this table, you can create new design points (or duplicate existing design points) and
edit them (by varying one or more input parameters) to create separate analyses for future
comparison of data.
2. Create a design point (DP1) by duplicating the current design point (DP0).
a. Right-click the Current design point and select Duplicate Design Point from the context menu.
The cells autofill with the values from the Current row.
b. Scroll over to the far right to expose the Retain column in the table of design points, and ensure
the check box in the row for the duplicated design point DP 1 (cell N4) is selected.
This allows the data from this new design point to be saved before it is exported for future
analysis.
3. Create another design point (DP2) by duplicating the DP1 design point.
a. Right-click the DP1 design point and select Duplicate Design Point from the context menu.
Since this is a duplicate of DP1, this design point will also have its data retained.
4. Edit values for the input parameters for DP1 and DP2.
For DP1 and DP2, edit the values for your input parameters within the Table of Design Points
as follows:
input_hcpos input_ftpos input_wsfpos in_velocity in_temp

DP1 45 45 45 0.6 300
DP2 90 60 15 0.7 290
Setup and Solution
Figure 2.21: Table of Design Points (with DP0, DP1, and DP2 Defined)
For demonstration purposes of this tutorial, in each design point, you are slightly changing the
angles of each of the valves, and increasing the inlet velocity and the inlet temperature. Later,
you will see how the results in each case vary.
5. Update all of your design points.
Click the Update all Design Points button in the ANSYS Workbench toolbar. Alternatively, you
can also select one or more design points, right-click, and select Update Selected Design
Points from the context menu. Click OK to acknowledge the information message notifying
you that some open editors may close during the update process. By updating the design
points, ANSYS Workbench takes the new values of the input parameters for each design point
and updates the components of the associated system (for example, the geometry, mesh, set-
tings, solution, and results), as well as any output parameters that have been defined.
Note
It may take significant time and/or computing resources to re-run the simulations
for each design point.
6. Export the design points to separate projects.
This will allow you to work with calculated data for each design point.
a. Select the three design points, DP0, DP1, and DP2 (hold Shift for multiple selection).
b. Right-click the selected design points and select Export Selected Design Points.
Note the addition of three more ANSYS Workbench project files (and their corresponding
folders) in your current working directory (fluent-workbench-param_dp0.wbpj,
fluent-workbench-param_dp1.wbpj and fluent-workbench-param_dp2.wbpj).
You can open each of these projects up separately and examine the results of each para-
meterized simulation.
Tip
You can easily access files in your project directory directly from the Files view by
right-clicking any cell in the corresponding row and selecting Open Containing
Folder from the menu that opens.
7. Inspect the output parameter values in ANSYS Workbench.
Once all design points have been updated, you can use the table of design points to inspect
the values of the output parameters you created in CFD-Post (for example, the mass flow
parameters at the various outlets: floutfront, floutfoot, floutwindshield, and
outlettemp). These, and the rest of the output parameters are listed to the far right in the
table of design points.
Figure 2.22: Table of Design Points (Showing Output Parameters for DP0, DP1, and
DP2)
8. Click the Project tab, just above the ANSYS Workbench toolbar to return to the Project Schematic.
9. View the list of files generated by ANSYS Workbench (optional).
View → Files
The additional files for the new design points are stored with their respective project files since
you exported them.
10. Save the project in the current state in ANSYS Workbench.
In the main menu, select File → Save.
11. Quit ANSYS Workbench.
In the main menu, select File → Exit.
2.4.8. Postprocessing the New Design Points in CFD-Post

In this section, you will open the ANSYS Workbench project for each of the design points and inspect
the vector plots based on the new results of the simulations.
1. Study the results of the first design point (DP1).
a. Open the ANSYS Workbench project for the first design point (DP1).
In your current working folder, double-click the fluent-workbench-param_dp1.wbpj

file to open ANSYS Workbench.
b. Open CFD-Post by double-clicking the Results cell in the Project Schematic for the Fluid Flow
(Fluent) analysis system.
c. View the vector plot colored by temperature. Ensure that Range in the Color tab is set to User
Specified and the Min and Max temperature values are set to 273 K and 310 K, respectively.
Setup and Solution
Figure 2.23: Vectors Colored by Temperature (DP1)
d. View the vector plot colored by pressure. Ensure that Range in the Color tab is set to Global.
Figure 2.24: Vectors Colored by Pressure (DP1)
e. View the vector plot colored by velocity. Ensure that Range in the Color tab is set to Global.
Setup and Solution
Figure 2.25: Vectors Colored by Velocity (DP1)
f. When you are finished viewing results of the design point DP1 in ANSYS CFD-Post, select File →
Close CFD-Post to quit ANSYS CFD-Post and return to the ANSYS Workbench Project Schematic,
and then select File → Exit to exit from ANSYS Workbench.
2. Study the results of the second design point (DP2).
a. Open the ANSYS Workbench project for the second design point (DP2).
In your current working folder, double-click the fluent-workbench-param_dp2.wbpj

file to open ANSYS Workbench.
b. Open CFD-Post by double-clicking the Results cell in the Project Schematic for the Fluid Flow
(Fluent) analysis system.
c. View the vector plot colored by temperature. Ensure that Range in the Color tab is set to User
Specified and the Min and Max temperature values are set and the Min and Max temperature
values are set to 273 K and 310 K, respectively.
Figure 2.26: Vectors Colored by Temperature (DP2)
d. View the vector plot colored by pressure. Ensure that Range in the Color tab is set to Global.
Setup and Solution
Figure 2.27: Vectors Colored by Pressure (DP2)
e. View the vector plot colored by velocity. Ensure that Range in the Color tab is set to Global.
Figure 2.28: Vectors Colored by Velocity (DP2)
3. When you are finished viewing results in ANSYS CFD-Post, select File → Close CFD-Post to quit ANSYS
CFD-Post and return to the ANSYS Workbench Project Schematic, and then select File → Exit to exit
from ANSYS Workbench.
2.4.9. Summary
In this tutorial, input and output parameters were created within ANSYS Workbench, ANSYS Fluent, and
ANSYS CFD-Post in order to study the airflow in an automotive HVAC system. ANSYS Fluent was used
to calculate the fluid flow throughout the geometry using the computational mesh, and ANSYS CFD-
Post was used to analyze the results. ANSYS Workbench was used to create additional design points
based on the original settings, and the corresponding simulations were run to create separate projects
where parameterized analysis could be performed to study the effects of variable angles of the inlet
valves, velocities, and temperatures. Also, note that simplified solution settings were used in this tutorial
to speed up the solution time. For more improved solution accuracy, you would typically use denser
mesh and higher order discretization for all flow equations.

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Chapter 2: Parametric Analysis in ANSYS Workbench Using ANSYS

This tutorial demonstrates how to do the following:

• Add constraints to the ANSYS DesignModeler input parameters.

• Create an ANSYS Fluent fluid flow analysis system in ANSYS Workbench.

• Set up the CFD simulation in ANSYS Fluent, which includes:

– Defining input parameters in Fluent

• Define output parameters in CFD-Post

• Create additional design points in ANSYS Workbench.

• Run multiple CFD simulations by updating the design points.

2.3. Problem Description

Figure 2.1: Automotive HVAC System

Figure 2.2: HVAC System Valve Location Details

• Flow over the heat exchanger coils

• Flow towards the front vents or towards the windshield

Figure 2.3: Flow Pattern for the Cooling Cycle

2.4. Setup and Solution

2.4.7. Creating Additional Design Points in ANSYS Workbench

1. Set up a working folder on the computer you will be using.

2. Go to the ANSYS Customer Portal, https://support.ansys.com/training.

3. Enter the name of this tutorial into the search bar.

a. Click ANSYS Fluent under Product.

b. Click 18.0 under Version.

5. Select this tutorial from the list.

6. Click the workbench-parameter-tutorial_R180.zip link to download the input files.

7. Unzip the workbench-parameter-tutorial_R180.zip file to your working folder.

The extracted workbench-parameter-tutorial folder contains a single archive file fluent-

2.4.2. Adding Constraints to ANSYS DesignModeler Parameters in ANSYS

File → Restore Archive...

The Select Archive to Restore dialog box appears.

The Save As dialog box appears.

Figure 2.4: The Project Loaded into ANSYS Workbench

The project (fluent-workbench-param.wbpj) already has a Fluent-based fluid flow analysis

To return to viewing the Project Schematic, click the Project tab.

Figure 2.6: Parameters Defined in ANSYS DesignModeler

Figure 2.7: New Parameters Defined in ANSYS Workbench

Figure 2.8: Constrained Parameter hcpos

Figure 2.9: Constrained Parameter ftpos

8. Create a similar expression for wsfpos: min(max(15,P6),175).

Figure 2.10: Constrained Parameter wsfpos

10. Update the Geometry and Mesh cells.

11. Save the project in ANSYS Workbench.

In the main menu, select File → Save

2.4.3. Setting Up the CFD Simulation in ANSYS Fluent

2.4.3.1. Starting ANSYS Fluent

Figure 2.11: ANSYS Fluent Launcher

1. Ensure that the proper options are enabled.

b. Ensure that Serial is selected from the Processing Options list.

Parallel processing offers a substantial reduction in computational time. Refer to Intro-

c. Ensure that the Double Precision option is disabled.

Fluent will retain your preferences for future sessions.

2. Click OK to launch ANSYS Fluent.

Figure 2.12: The ANSYS Fluent Application

2.4.3.2. Setting Up Physics

Setting Up Physics → Solver

a. Enable heat transfer by activating the energy equation.

In the Setting Up Physics ribbon tab, select Energy (Models group).

Setting Up Physics → Models → Energy

b. Enable the - turbulence model.

Setting Up Physics → Models → Viscous...

i. Select k-epsilon (2 eqn) from the Model group box.