Maintenance of Electric Equipment
Maintenance of Electric Equipment
Maintenance of Electric Equipment
Maintenance of Electrical
Equipment
(22625)
Semester– (VI)
(EE, EP, EU)
Maharashtra State
Board of Technical Education, Mumbai
(Autonomous) (ISO-9001-2008) (ISO/IEC 27001:2013)
Maharashtra State
Board of Technical Education, Mumbai
(Autonomous) (ISO-9001-2008) (ISO/IEC 27001:2013)
4th Floor, Government Polytechnic Building, 49, Kherwadi,
Bandra (East), Mumbai -400051.
(Printed on November 2019)
Maharashtra State
Board of Technical Education
Certificate
This is to certify that Mr./Ms……………………………………Roll
No………………………………..…. of Sixth Semester of Diploma in
……………………………………………………….……. of Institute
………………………………………………... (Code………………..)
has attained predefined practical outcomes (PROs) satisfactorily in
course Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625) for the
academic year 20…….to 20…..... as prescribed in the curriculum.
Seal of the
Institute
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
Preface
The primary focus of any engineering laboratory/ field work in the technical education
system is to develop the much needed industry relevant competencies and skills. With this
in view, MSBTE embarked on this innovative ‘I’ Scheme curricula for engineering diploma
programmes with outcome-based education as the focus and accordingly, relatively large
amount of time is allotted for the practical work. This displays the great importance of
laboratory work making each teacher; instructor and student to realize that every minute of
the laboratory time need to be effectively utilized to develop these outcomes, rather than
doing other mundane activities. Therefore, for the successful implementation of this
outcome-based curriculum, every practical has been designed to serve as a ‘vehicle’ to
develop this industry identified competency in every student. The practical skills are
difficult to develop through ‘chalk and duster’ activity in the classroom situation.
Accordingly, the ‘I’ scheme laboratory manual development team designed the practicals to
focus on the outcomes, rather than the traditional age old practice of conducting practicals
to ‘verify the theory’ (which may become a byproduct along the way).
This laboratory manual is designed to help all stakeholders, especially the students, teachers
and instructors to develop in the student the pre-determined outcomes. It is expected from
each student that at least a day in advance, they have to thoroughly read through the
concerned practical procedure that they will do the next day and understand the minimum
theoretical background associated with the practical. Every practical in this manual begins
by identifying the competency, industry relevant skills, course outcomes and practical
outcomes which serve as a key focal point for doing the practical. The students will then
become aware about the skills they will achieve through procedure shown there and
necessary precautions to be taken, which will help them to apply in solving real-world
problems in their professional life.
This manual also provides guidelines to teachers and instructors to effectively facilitate
student-centered lab activities through each practical exercise by arranging and managing
necessary resources in order that the students follow the procedures and precautions
systematically ensuring the achievement of outcomes in the students.
The electrical diploma holder has to work in industry as technical person in middle level
management. He has to work as production, maintenance, testing engineer in various
industries like power generation, transmission, distribution, traction etc. and has to deal with
different electrical measurement. While performing above task he has to measure different
electrical and electronic parameters with testing, therefore he/she must require the skills for
these measurements and broad idea of different meters and equipments.
Although all care has been taken to check for mistakes in this laboratory manual, yet it is
impossible to claim perfection especially as this is the first edition. Any such errors and
suggestions for improvement can be brought to our notice and are highly welcome.
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education i
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education ii
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education iii
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education iv
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
Guidelines to Teachers
1. Teacher need to ensure that a dated log book for the whole semester, apart from the
laboratory manual is maintained by every student which s/he has to submit for
assessment to the teacher in the next practical session.
2. There will be two sheets of blank pages after every practical for the student to report
other matters (if any), which is not mentioned in the printed practicals.
3. For difficult practicals if required, teacher could provide the demonstration of the
practical emphasizing of the skills which the student should achieve.
4. Teachers should give opportunity to students for hands-on after the demonstration.
5. Assess the skill achievement of the students and COs of each unit.
6. One or two questions ought to be added in each practical for different batches. For this
teachers can maintain various practical related question bank for each course.
7. If some repetitive information like data sheet, use of software tools etc. has to be provided
for effective attainment of practical outcomes, they can be incorporated in Appendix.
8. For effective implementation and attainment of practical outcomes, teacher ought to
ensure that in the beginning itself of each practical, students must read through the
complete write-up of that practical sheet.
9. During practical, ensure that each student gets chance and takes active part in taking
observations/ readings and performing practical.
10. Teacher ought to assess the performance of students continuously according to the
MSBTE guidelines
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education v
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
Content Page
List of Practicals and Progressive Assessment Sheet
Sr. Practical Outcome Page Date of Date of Assess Dated Remark
No No. performance submission ment sign. of s (if any)
marks teacher
(25)
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education vi
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
Legend: - #: any one to be performed, &: any one to be performed, %: any one to be Performed, ^:
any one to be performed, *: Compulsory
Note: - A Judicial Mix of minimum 12 or more practicals need to be performed, out of which
practical marked as * are compulsory.
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education vii
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education viii
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
I. Practical Significance
No load test is routine test carried out on single phase induction motor. This test is
intended to find out no load current, core loss, friction and windage losses. Stator of
single phase induction motor consist of main winding and starting winding placed at
90° electrically apart to produce rotating magnetic field.
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 1
Maintenaance of Electriical Equipmennt (22625)
No Load Test:
N T
I is a type of
It o routine teest performeed on singlee phase induuction motoor.
I is perform
It med to find core loss or
o iron loss, friction annd windage losses, mag
gnetizing
c
current and no load powwer factor of
o single phhase inductioon motor.
VII C
Circuit diaagram:
S
Select the proper
p range of meterrs referring
g to the maachine/s
s
specificatio
ons/ratings.
VIII R
Resources required
Instrrument /Ob
bject S
Specificatio
on Quaantity Remark
ks
Sr.
N
No.
1. S
Single Phasee 11Hp , 230V
V, 0
01
Capaacitor Start Cage
C 50Hz,
Tyype Inductioon
Motor
2. S
Single Phasee Raange- 0-270
0V, 0
01
Auutotransform mer 15 A,
Maharashhtra State Boaard of Techniccal Education 2
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
IX
4. A. C Voltmeter Range- 0 to 300V 01
Pre
cau 5. Multimeter - 01
tion
s to
be 6. LPF Wattmeter Range:0- 01
foll 300/600V, 1A to
owe 2A
d
1. All electrical connections should be neat and tight.
2. Wires used for circuit connections have proper size and insulation cover.
3. Make sure that main switch is in off position while making connections.
X Procedure
Measurement of Winding Resistance
1) Disconnect the single phase, capacitor start induction run motor from the supply.
2) Open the terminal box.
3) Discharge the capacitor.
4) Separate the windings and capacitor terminals.
5) By using Multimeter identify the winding terminal pair by continuity test.
6) Measure the resistance of each winding by Multimeter.
7) Note down the values in the observation table.
8) Reconnect the main and starting winding along with capacitor and centrifugal
switch.
No Load Test
1) Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.
2) The motor is run at no-load with the running winding excited at normal frequency
and voltage until the power input is constant.
3) Readings are taken of volts, amperes and watts input at rated frequency. The
voltage adjustment is accomplished preferably by a variable-voltage transformer.
4) Switch off the supply.
2.
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 3
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
3.
4.
5.
6.
Sr. V0 I0 W0 N
No (Volts) (Ampere) (Watts) (rpm)
1
Calculations:
cos = = …………
Z0 = =……….. Ω
X0 = Z0sin = …………. Ω
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 4
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
XV Results:
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
XVII. Conclusion
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 6
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
XX Assessment Scheme
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 7
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
I Practical Significance
No Load test is performed to obtain magnetizing parameters in induction motor’s
equivalent circuit. A block rotor test is performed to calculate leakage reactance and
winding resistance in induction machine motor’s circuit.
PO3: Experiments and practice: Plan to perform experiments and practices to use
the results to solve broad-based electrical engineering problems.
PO4: Engineering tools: Apply relevant Electrical technologies and tools with an
understanding of the limitations.
PSO1: Electrical Equipment- Maintain various types of rotating and static electrical
equipment.
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 9
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
Select the proper range of meters referring to the machine/s
specifications/ratings.
IX Precautions to be followed
1) All electrical connections should be neat and tight.
2) Wires used for circuit connections have proper size and insulation cover.
3) Make sure that main switch is in off position while making connections.
4) Ensure Autotransformer is at zero position at start.
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 10
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
X Procedure
A) For No Load Test
1) Select the instruments and meter ranges as per the resources required table.
2) Make the connections as per the circuit diagram shown in Fig.
3) Switch ON the 3 phase supply, start the motor at reduced voltage and then run
at rated voltage with the help of Autotransformer.
4) Note down all meter readings.
5) Switch OFF the power supply.
B) For Blocked Rotor Test
1) Select meter ranges required for blocked rotor test.
2) Hold rotor by hand or brake system
3) Switch ON the 3 phase supply and apply voltage slowly with the help of
autotransformer so that rated current flows to motor.
4) Note down all meter readings.
5) Reduce voltage and switch OFF the power supply.
6) Using appropriate method measure stator resistance across the motor terminals
and determine per phase AC value.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 11
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
2
3
RSMean …………. Ω
No Load Test
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 12
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
Calculations:
• =1cos =……………degree
• sin =………………………
Z01(per phase)
V/
• Z01 = ……………… Ω
I/
• cos ΦSC…………………..Ω
• Electrical equivalent of the mechanical load RL=R’2 =………………. Ω
XV Results:
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
XVII Conclusion
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 14
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 15
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
XX Assessment Scheme
1. …………………………..
2. …………………………..
3. …………………………..
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 16
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
I Practical Significance
The circle diagram of an induction motor is very useful to study its performance under
all operating conditions. We get information about its power output, power factor,
torque, slip, speed, copper loss, efficiency, starting and maximum quantities etc.
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 17
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
Circle diagram is locus of end of motor current vector when Induction motor is tested
at various loads.
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 18
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
IX Precautions to be followed
1. All electrical connections should be neat and tight.
2. Wires used for circuit connections have proper size and insulation cover.
3. Make sure that main switch is in off position while making connections.
4. Ensure Autotransformer is at zero position at start.
X Procedure
A) For No Load Test
1) Select the instruments and meter ranges as per the resources required table.
2) Make the connections as per the circuit diagram shown in Fig.
3) Switch ON the 3 phase supply, start the motor at reduced voltage and then run
at rated voltage with the help of Autotransformer.
4) Note down all meter readings.
5) Switch OFF the power supply.
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 19
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
2.
3.
4.
5.
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 20
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
cos = = …………………….
√
current scale ISCN = …………………….
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 21
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
XV Results:
Motor FL efficiency = ……………………. %
Motor NL Torque = …………………… Nm
Motor Max output = ………………. HP
XVII Conclusion
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 22
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 23
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
XX Assessment Scheme
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 24
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 25
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
Experiment No. 4: Perform the brake load test on the three phase Induction
motor to plot the following operating characteristics, [(1)
torque versus speed, (2) current drawn versus output and
(3) power factor versus output]
I Practical Significance
It is a type test conducted as per IS 325 on induction motor by actually loading, to
understand performance parameters like speed, input stator current, power factor and
efficiency.
PO3: Experiments and practice: Plan to perform experiments and practices to use
the results to solve broad-based electrical engineering problems.
PO4: Engineering tools: Apply relevant Electrical technologies and tools with an
understanding of the limitations.
PSO1: Electrical Equipment- Maintain various types of rotating and static electrical
equipment.
4 Tachometer - 01
IX Precautions to be followed
1. All electrical connections should be neat and tight.
2. Wires used for circuit connections have proper size and insulation cover.
3. Make sure that main switch is off position while making connections.
4. There must be no load when starting the motor.
X Procedure
1) Connections are made as per circuit diagram.
2) The rotor was made very much free to rotate.
3) Pour some water inside the brake drum so as to cool the rotor belt.
4) 3-Φ induction motor started using autotransformer starter.
5) Adjusted the load till current was made to rated value of motor.
6) Decrease the load step by step and note corresponding speed, load, current, voltage
and wattmeter readings.
7) At certain load, wattmeter W2 will show negative reading. Note down the line
current at this point.
8) Interchange the connection of current coil of wattmeter W2 which was reading
negative after switching off supply.
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 28
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
2.
3.
4.
5.
Calculations:
Radius of Brake drum R=……………m
Ns= Synchronous speed in rpm ……………
N =Rotor speed in rpm ……………
S1&S2= Load of brake drum in kg ……………
VL=Line voltage in Volts ……………
IL= Line current in Amps ……………
• % slip= [(Ns-N)/Ns]*100=……….%
XV Results:
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 30
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 31
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 32
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
XX Assessment Scheme
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 33
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 34
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 35
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
√3 to get VPh. The readings of V2 are taken across different slip rings and in different
positions of rotor. Average of these values is taken.
VII Circuit diagram:
IX Precautions to be followed
1. All electrical connections should be neat and tight.
2. Wires used for circuit connections have proper size and insulation cover.
3. Make sure that main switch is in off position while making connections.
X Procedure
1) Disconnect the rotor resistance starter from the slip rings.
2) Connect voltmeter across slip rings.
3) Give rated voltage (V1) to the stator winding though autotransformer.
4) Measure voltage (V2) across slip rings. Take different readings of V2 across
different slip rings and different position of rotor. Take average value.
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 36
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
2.
3.
4.
5.
2 Y-B
3 B-R
Calculations:
Convert measured Stator and rotor voltages in phase values and find per phase
voltage ratio
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 37
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
= Average V1
Average V2
XV Results:
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
XVII Conclusion
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 38
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 39
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
XX Assessment Scheme
Performance indicators Weightage
Process related (15 Marks) 60 %
1 Selection of meters and components 20 %
2 Handling of the meters and components 10 %
3 Reading meters accurately 10 %
4 connection of circuits 10 %
5 Follow safe practices 10 %
Product related (10 Marks) 40 %
6 Calculation 10 %
7 Interpretation of result 05 %
8 Conclusions 05 %
9 Practical related questions 15 %
10 Submitting the journal in time 05%
Total (25 Marks) 100 %
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 40
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
I Practical Significance
Phasing out test is a type test carried out on transformer as per IS 2026 (Part-IV) to
identify the primary and secondary winding terminals belonging to the same phase of a
three phase transformer.
Polarity test is must for transformers when parallel operation is done. Because while
doing parallel operation, if you connect terminals of opposite polarity, it will result in
a dead short - circuit. So, to connect the same polarity windings together both in
primary and secondary, polarity test is done.
Terminal marking:
It is the marking of corresponding terminals of H.V. and L.V. sides of a single phase
and three phase transformer. High voltage terminals are always marked with upper
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 41
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
case letters while low voltage terminals are marked with lower case letters. For a 3
phase transformer viewed from H.V. side, the arrangement of both sets of terminals
shall be in alphabetical order from left to right. If neutral is provided, it should be on
extreme left.
Types of polarity:
1. Additive polarity 2. Subtractive polarity
Polarity test: It is essential to know the relative polarity of primary and secondary
terminals, at any instant for making correct connections, when the two transformers
are to be connected in parallel to share the load on the system.
Both A.C. and D.C methods can be used for detecting the polarities of the induced
e.m.fs. The dot method is used to indicate the polarities. The transformer is connected
to a low voltage A.C. source with the connection made as shown in the fig.(a). A
supply voltage Vs is applied to the primary and the readings of the voltmeters V1, V2
and V3 are noted.
• If V3 readsV1−V2 then assumed dot locations are correct (for the connection
shown). The beginning and end of the primary and secondary may then be marked
by A1−A2 and a1−a2 respectively.
• If the voltage rises from A1 to A2 in the primary, at that instant it does so from a1 to
a2 in the secondary.
Fig.(b) shows the D.C method of testing the polarity. When the switch S is closed if
the pointer of voltmeter shows momentary deflection (kick) towards positive reading
the assumed polarity is correct. If the pointer shows a kick towards negative side
(below zero), the assumed polarity is wrong.
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 42
Maintenaance of Electriical Equipmennt (22625)
VII C
Circuit diaagram:
VIII R
Resources required
Name of Resource
R Suggessted Broad Specificatiion Quan
ntity
Sr.
No.
IX Precaution
P ns to be followed
1. All elecctrical conneections shouuld be neat and tight.
2 Wires used
2. u for circcuit connecttions have proper
p size and
a insulatioon cover.
3 Make suure that maiin switch is off position
3. n while makking connecctions.
X P
Procedure
A Phasingg Out Test
A)
1. Make thhe connectioons as per circuit
c diagram.
2 Apply llow voltagee D.C. suppply using a battery or DC powerr supply to primary
2.
windingg.
Maharashhtra State Boaard of Techniccal Education 43
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
3. Connect Galvanometer across one of the secondary windings and short all the
other windings.
4. Press the key “K” and observe Galvanometer deflection carefully.
5. Connect the Galvanometer to other secondary winding and repeat the procedure.
6. The secondary winding across which maximum deflection occurs, corresponds to
primary winding to which D.C. supply is connected.
7. Repeat the same procedure steps 2-5 for other primary windings and identify their
respective secondary windings.
B) Polarity Test
1. Make the connections as per circuit diagram.
2. Primary terminals are marked A1 and A2.
3. Short A2 and a2 by low resistance wire.
4. Keep terminals B1, B2, C1, C2 remains open.
5. Apply suitable voltage across primary.
6. Measure primary voltage E1,secondary voltage E2 and voltmeter reading
7. If voltmeter reading is equal to difference of primary voltageE1 and secondary
voltage E2, then the connected (shorted) terminals are of same polarity.
8. If voltmeter reading is equal to sum of primary voltage E1 and secondary voltage
E2 then the connected terminals are of opposite polarity.
9. Switch OFF the supply.
10. Repeat the same procedure for other phases of the transformer.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 44
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
2 Y- Phase
3 B - Phase
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 45
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
XV Results:
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
XVII Conclusion
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 47
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
XX Assessment Scheme
Performance indicators Weightage
Process related (15 Marks) 60 %
1 Selection of meters and components 20 %
2 Handling of the meters and components 10 %
3 Reading meters accurately 10 %
4 connection of circuits 10 %
5 Follow safe practices 10 %
Product related (10 Marks) 40 %
6 Calculation 10 %
7 Interpretation of result 05 %
8 Conclusions 05 %
9 Practical related questions 15 %
10 Submitting the journal in time 05%
Total (25 Marks) 100 %
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 48
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
Experiment No. 7 : Perform the open circuit and short circuit tests on
the single phase transformer and determine its
performance (regulation and efficiency)
I Practical Significance
Pre-determining the regulation and efficiency of a transformer at any load condition
(at
any power factor) is of utmost importance in electrical power system or the relevant
industry. Open circuit test and short circuit test are very economical and convenient
methods to predetermine the regulation and efficiency of high capacity transformer as
they are without actually loading of the transformer.
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 49
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
current or the required load current in the secondary winding, keeping low voltage
winding short circuited.
VA
b) % Efficiency at any load = 100
VA W W C
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 50
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
IX Precautions to be followed
X Procedure
Open Circuit Test:
1. Make the connection as per the circuit diagram for O.C Test.
2. Set an auto transformer to zero position and switch ON the supply.
3. Increase the autotransformer output voltage gradually till rated voltage is reached.
4. Note down the readings of voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter.
5. Bring the autotransformer knob to minimum position and switch OFF the supply.
Short Circuit test:
1. Note down the name plate rating and determine the rated currents for both the
windings of given transformer
2. Make the connection as per the circuit diagram for O.C Test.
3. Set the auto transformer output to zero and switch ON the supply.
4. Increase the autotransformer output voltage very slowly and carefully till rated
current
flows through the windings.
5. Note down the readings of voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter.
6. Bring the autotransformer knob to minimum position and switch OFF the supply.
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 51
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
B) S.C Test
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 52
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
Calculations:
Total resistance referred to H.V side
W C
R02= = ………………….. Ω
I C
X02 = = ……………. Ω
Full load at rated output of transformer in watts = kVA * 1000 * Power factor
VA
% Efficiency at full load = 100
VA W W C
= …………………… %
X= = …………………..
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 53
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
XV Results:
• At full load, unity power factor, the efficiency of the transformer is …………%
• Voltage regulation of transformer is ……………………%
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 54
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 55
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
XIX References / Suggestions for Further Reading
1) http://www.electrical4u.com
2) http://www.electricaleasy.com/2014
XX Assessment Scheme
Performance indicators Weightage
Process related (15 Marks) 60 %
1 Selection of meters and components 20 %
2 Handling of the meters and components 10 %
3 Reading meters accurately 10 %
4 connection of circuits 10 %
5 Follow safe practices 10 %
Product related (10 Marks) 40 %
6 Calculation 10 %
7 Interpretation of result 05 %
8 Conclusions 05 %
9 Practical related questions 15 %
10 Submitting the journal in time 05%
Total (25 Marks) 100 %
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 56
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
Experiment No. 08 : To perform open circuits and short circuit test on three
phase transformer and determine its performance
(efficiency and regulation).
I Practical Significance
Open circuit and short circuit test are conducted on three phase transformer as a
routine test as per IS 2026 to assess the performance characteristics of three phase
transformer without actually loading it.
Open circuits test is no load test performed to find R0, X0 of equivalent circuit of a
transformer. Core loss of a transformer can be found with this test.
Short circuit test also called as load loss test is carried out to find impedance voltage;
load losses of transformer with rated current on secondary side the input power
represents total load loss. This is measured and adjusted to reference temp.
From results of both these tests we can find efficiency and regulation of transformer.
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 57
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
In Short Circuit test, the equivalent impedance, the equivalent resistance and
equivalent reactance of transformer referred to measuring side can be determined. If
full load current is circulated through transformer winding full load copper loss is also
determined. Generally HV winding is connected to variable voltage supply source and
LV winding is short circuited. Reading of wattmeter indicates full load copper loss.
The voltage applied under this condition is called impedance voltage.
VII Circuit Diagram: (Students Should draw diagram for Open Circuit Test)
Open Circuit Test
IX Precautions to be followed
1. All electrical connections should be neat and tight.
2. Wires used for circuit connections have proper size and insulation cover.
3. Make sure that main switch is off position while making connections.
4. The transformer input current should not exceed its rated current.
X Procedure
Open Circuit Test
1. Make the connections as per circuit diagram.
2. Apply rated voltage to LV winding by increasing voltage of autotransformer.
3. Note down readings of instrument.
For calculation purpose convert the measured values of voltage and current in phase
values if necessary.
Calculations: (all Voltage and Current values are phase values in formulas used
in following calculations)
From Open Circuit Test
= ............
=..................
=.............................
=.........................
PINPUT = WO+WSC=.........................
% x 100=..........................
% x 100=.........................
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 60
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
XV Results:
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
XVII. Conclusion
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 61
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 62
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
XIX References / Suggestions for Further Reading
1. www.electrical4u.com
2. www.electricaltechnology.org
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WOrZe2XtMgY
4. IS 2026 (Part II)-2010: Power transformers: Part 2 Temperature rise
XX Assessment Scheme
1. ………………………….
2. ………………………….
3. ………………………….
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 63
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 64
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
their secondary currents are absent. An auto-transformer is connected in series with the
two secondaries. A small voltage is injected in the secondary circuit from a separate ac
source. It will circulate a current in the secondary side since the secondary’s are in
opposition, the secondary current will cause by transformer action primary side
currents in opposite directions. Thus the total current in the primary local circuit of the
windings is zero. The reading of wattmeter on primary is not affected and it will
indicate only the iron losses of the two transformers. The auto-transformer is adjusted
till the full load current flows in the secondary side of the transformer. At full load
current the wattmeter on the secondary side indicates the full load copper losses of the
two transformers as their winding resistances are in series.
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 65
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
IX Precautions to be followed
X Procedure
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 66
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
Calculation
O
% Efficiency = * 100
O
VA OS
% Efficiency = * 100
VA OS I
V
Regulation of each transformer = * 100
S V
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 67
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
= ……………………. * 100
= …………………… %
XV Results:
XVII Conclusion
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 68
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
XIX References / Suggestions for Further Reading
1. https://www.electricaleasy.com/2014/04/sumpners-or-back-to-back-test-on-
transformer.html
2. http://www.yourelectrichome.com/2011/07/sumpners-test-back-to-back-test.html
3. IS 2026 (Part –II) -2010: Power Transformers Part 2
XX Assessment Scheme
Performance indicators Weightage
Process related (15 Marks) 60 %
1 Selection of meters and components 20 %
2 Handling of the meters and components 10 %
3 Reading meters accurately 10 %
4 connection of circuits 10 %
5 Follow safe practices 10 %
Product related (10 Marks) 40 %
6 Calculation 10 %
7 Interpretation of result 05 %
8 Conclusions 05 %
9 Practical related questions 15 %
10 Submitting the journal in time 05%
Total (25 Marks) 100 %
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 70
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
PO3: Experiments and practice: Plan to perform experiments and practices to use
the
results to solve broad-based electrical engineering problems.
PO4: Engineering Tool: Apply relevant Electrical technologies and tools with an
understanding of the limitations.
PSO1: Electrical Equipment: Maintain various types of rotating and static electrical
equipment.
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 71
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
Trouble shooting chart:
Trouble shooting chart is essential for successful breakdown and preventive
maintenance. In most of the industries trouble shooting charts are known as “Repair
Register” and “Card Index Form”.
4. Test Lamp - 01
5. Screw Driver - 01
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 72
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
6. Hammer - 01
7. Combination Plier - 01
8. Spanner Set - 01
9. Bearing Puller - 01
10. Dial Test indicator - 01
11. Feeler gauge - 01
12. Megger - 01
13. Test lamp - 01
IX Precautions to be followed
1. Make sure that supply is off and fuses are removed before carrying out
maintenance work.
2. Use proper tools during maintenance work.
3. If replacement of part is required replace with proper rating / correct dimensions.
X Procedure
A) For maintenance Schedule:
1) Make a maintenance team of 4-5 students.
2) Plan the type of maintenance work to be carried out.
3) Select the single phase induction motor for the maintenance work.
4) Make sufficient space for the maintenance.
5) Before carrying out the maintenance work make sure that supply is OFF.
6) If breakdown maintenance is planned disconnect and remove the motor from the
machine/job.
7) Follow the recommended steps for maintenance and prepare a report.
2.
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 73
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
3.
4.
5.
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 74
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
Excessive speed of
5
motor
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 75
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
7 Noisy running
XV Results:
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
XVII Conclusion
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 78
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
XX Assessment Scheme
Performance indicators Weightage
Process related (15 Marks) 60 %
1 Selection of meters and components 20 %
2 Handling of the meters and components 10 %
3 Reading meters accurately 10 %
4 connection of circuits 10 %
5 Follow safe practices 10 %
Product related (10 Marks) 40 %
6 Calculation 10 %
7 Interpretation of result 05 %
8 Conclusions 05 %
9 Practical related questions 15 %
10 Submitting the journal in time 05%
Total (25 Marks) 100 %
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 79
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
Experiment No. 11: Prepare the maintenance schedule & trouble shooting
chart for the three phase induction motor.
I Practical Significance
Maintenance is a process which includes regular / periodical checking, testing and
replacing defective parts. A good and rigid maintenance practice helps to keep the
machines in efficient conditions keeping down time to minimum.
Troubleshooting chart is essential for successful breakdown and preventive
maintenance. Troubleshooting is the process of identifying and rectifying the fault.
Troubleshooting chart may be prepared before occurrence of fault or by keeping
history of faults that have already occurred.
II Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)
PO2: Discipline knowledge: Apply Electrical engineering knowledge to solve broad-
based electrical engineering related problems.
PO3: Experiments and practice: Plan to perform experiments and practices to use
the results to solve broad-based electrical engineering problems.
PO4: Engineering tools: Apply relevant Electrical technologies and tools with an
understanding of the limitations.
PSO1: Electrical Equipment: Maintain various types of rotating and static electrical
equipment.
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 80
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
3. Clip on meter - 01
4. Test Lamp - 01
5. Screw Driver - 01
6. Hammer - 01
7. Combination Plier - 01
8. Spanner Set - 01
IX Precautions to be followed
1. Make sure that supply is off and fuses are removed before carrying out
maintenance work.
2. Use proper tools during maintenance work.
3. If replacement of part is required replace with proper rating / correct dimensions.
X Procedure
Students can visit workshop / machine laboratory of a industry/college to observe the
maintenance activities carried out there.
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 81
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
Visit any electrical industry and collect information on troubleshooting charts. Prepare
troubleshooting charts of three phase induction motor. Collect information on
troubleshooting charts from the internet.
2.
3.
4.
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 82
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
4. Motor vibrates
5. Motor hums
a. During startup
b. When running
6. Thermal overload
protection operates
while motor is
running
XV Results:
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 83
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
XVII Conclusion
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 84
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 85
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
XIX References / Suggestions for Further Reading
1. www.electrical4u.com
2. www.electricaltechnology.org
3. IS 900-1992: Code of practice for installation and maintenance of induction
motors (first revision)
4. www.bis.org.in
5. www.standardbis.in
XX Assessment Scheme
Performance indicators Weightage
Process related (15 Marks) 60 %
1 Selection of meters and components 20 %
2 Handling of the meters and components 10 %
3 Reading meters accurately 10 %
4 connection of circuits 10 %
5 Follow safe practices 10 %
Product related (10 Marks) 40 %
6 Calculation 10 %
7 Interpretation of result 05 %
8 Conclusions 05 %
9 Practical related questions 15 %
10 Submitting the journal in time 05%
Total (25 Marks) 100 %
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 86
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
I Practical Significance
Maintenance is a process which includes regular / periodical checking, testing and
replacing defective parts. Regular maintenance increases the life of a machine.
Troubleshooting chart helps locating the fault in a machine and rectifying it. It helps in
reducing down time of machine.
II Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)
PO2: Discipline knowledge: Apply Electrical engineering knowledge to solve broad-
based electrical engineering related problems.
PO3: Experiments and practice: Plan to perform experiments and practices to use
the results to solve broad-based electrical engineering problems.
PO4: Engineering tools: Apply relevant Electrical technologies and tools with an
understanding of the limitations.
PSO1: Electrical Equipment: Maintain various types of rotating and static electrical
equipment.
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 87
Maintenaance of Electriical Equipmennt (22625)
VII
C
Circuit Diaagram:
VIII R
Resources required
Sr. In
nstrument Speciification Quantityy Remarks
No. /Object
1. Muultimeter - 01
2. Meegger 2000 MΩ,
M 1000V 01
DC or 500
5 V.
3. Spaanner set - 01
IX Precaution
P ns to be folloowed
1. Make sure
s that supply
s is off and fuses
fu are removed
r beefore carry
ying out
maintennance work..
2 Use prooper tools duuring maintenance worrk.
2.
3 If replaccement of part
3. p is requirred replace with properr rating / coorrect dimen
nsions.
X Procedure
P
1. Identifyy the troublee in transforrmer.
2 List outt all possiblee reasons foor occurrencce of fault inn respectivee trouble.
2.
3 Establissh a plan of action to reesolve the problem andd implementt the solutio
3. on.
4 Check the
4. t functionnality of the transformer.
5 Repeat above proceedure for alll troubles in
5. n transformer.
6 Studentt may visit substation
6. s inn college prremises or any
a industryy to observee various
maintennance and troubleshoo
t oting activitties. Studennt may searrch on inteernet the
report of
o maintenannce and trouubleshooting activities done by inddustry.
XI R
Resources used (with major speccifications))
Maharashhtra State Boaard of Techniccal Education 88
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
2.
3.
4.
• Specifications of a transformer:
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 89
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
• Name the defective part / object (if any) observed during maintenance. State
the actions taken.
2. Transformer
does not show
output voltage
3. Short circuit
(Internal/Externa
l)
4. Phase voltage is
unequal
5. Oil leakage
6. Noise in a
transformer
7. Vibration in a
transformer
Calculations:
XV Results:
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 90
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 91
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 92
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
XIX References / Suggestions for Further Reading
1. www.electrical4u.com
2. www.electricaltechnology.org
3. IS 10028 (Part III)-1981- Code of practice for selection, installation and
maintenance of transformer: Part 3 Maintenance
4. www.bis.org.in
5. www.standardbis.in
6. https://www.anelectricalengineer.com/power-transformer-troubleshooting
XX Assessment Scheme
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 93
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 94
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
IX Precautions to be followed
1. Before using transformer oil breakdown voltage tester, the tester shell should be
reliably grounded.
2. Check the distance between the electrodes
3. When collecting transformer oil and oil samples wipe the sampling valve and
slowly
open it. First flush the test cup 2-3 times and then take the oil sample.
4. When placing or removing the oil cup, it should be done under the condition of
power off.
5 Transformer oil needs to be static in the cup 5 to 10min, to eliminate air bubbles.
X Procedure
1. Adjust the electrodes in the test cup for the required gap and lock them in the
position with the help of locking nuts provided.
2. Fill 4/5th of the cup with fresh oil tested and place the cup on the HV transformer
bushing.
3. Close the top cover of the box. Door open lamp will switch OFF. Switch ON the
unit mains ON and (H.T OFF) lamp will glow.
4. Press (H.T ON) push button, (H.T ON) lamp will glow and (H.T OFF) lamp will
be OFF. The voltage will increase automatically and voltmeter will read the output
voltage. In case of breakdown of the oil H.V will be disconnected, (H.T OFF)
lamp will glow and (H.T ON) lamp will be switched OFF.
5. Note down the voltage reading at which breakdown has occurred, this reading will
have to be taken within 30 seconds of breakdown.
6. Repeat the test sequence after the transformer oil test is completed.
(Typically three repetitions depending on the standards)
7. Calculate the mean value of breakdown voltage.
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 95
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
2.
2.
3.
XV Results:
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 96
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
XVII Conclusion
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 97
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 98
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
XIX References / Suggestions for Further Reading
1. https://www.electrical4u.com/transformer-insulating-oil-and-types-of-transformer-
oil/
2. https://www.b2hv.com/oil-test.html
XX Assessment Scheme
1. …………………………..
2. …………………………..
3. …………………………..
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 99
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
I Practical Significance
Transformer oil is used for insulation and cooling purpose in transformers and other
electrical equipment, needs to be tested periodically to check its dielectric strength.
This is because it tends to deteriorate over time because of the environmental
condition.
II Relevant Program Outcomes (POs)
PO2: Discipline knowledge: Apply Electrical engineering knowledge to solve broad
based electrical engineering related problems.
PO3: Experiments and practice: Plan to perform experiments and practices to use
the results to solve broad-based electrical engineering problems.
PO4: Engineering Tool: Apply relevant Electrical technologies and tools with an
understanding of the limitations.
PSO1: Electrical Equipment: Maintain various types of rotating and static electrical
equipment.
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 100
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
IX Precautions to be followed
1. Before using transformer oil breakdown voltage tester, the tester shell should be
reliably grounded.
2. Check the distance between the electrodes
3. When collecting transformer oil and oil samples wipe the sampling valve and
slowly
open it. First flush the test cup 2-3 times and then take the oil sample.
4. When placing or removing the oil cup, it should be done under the condition of
power off.
5. Transformer oil needs to be static in the cup 5 to 10min, to eliminate air bubbles.
X Procedure
1. Adjust the electrodes in the test cup for the required gap and lock them in the
position with the help of locking nuts provided.
2. Fill 4/5th of the cup with used oil tested and place the cup on the HV transformer
bushing.
3. Close the top cover of the box. Door open lamp will switch OFF. Switch ON the
unit mains ON and (H.T OFF) lamp will glow.
4. Press (H.T ON) push button, (H.T ON) lamp will glow and (H.T OFF) lamp will
be OFF. The voltage will increase automatically and voltmeter will read the output
voltage. In case of breakdown of the oil H.V will be disconnected, (H.T OFF)
lamp will glow and (H.T ON) lamp will be switched OFF.
5. Note down the voltage reading at which breakdown has occurred, this reading will
have to be taken within 30 seconds of breakdown.
6. Repeat the test sequence after the transformer oil test is completed.
a. (Typically three repetitions depending on the standards)
7. Calculate the mean value of breakdown voltage.
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 101
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
2.
XV Results:
• The breakdown strength of used transformer oil is = ……………….. kV
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 102
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
XVII Conclusion
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 103
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 104
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
1. https://www.electrical4u.com/transformer-insulating-oil-and-types-of-transformer-
oil/
2. https://www.b2hv.com/oil-test.html
XX Assessment Scheme
Performance indicators Weightage
Process related (15 Marks) 60 %
1 Selection of meters and components 20 %
2 Handling of the meters and components 10 %
3 Reading meters accurately 10 %
4 connection of circuits 10 %
5 Follow safe practices 10 %
Product related (10 Marks) 40 %
6 Calculation 10 %
7 Interpretation of result 05 %
8 Conclusions 05 %
9 Practical related questions 15 %
10 Submitting the journal in time 05%
Total (25 Marks) 100 %
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 105
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
I Practical Significance
This is routine test performed on all the machines manufactured in an industry. This
test is generally performed at manufacturer’s premises. It is performed to check
withstand capability of insulation against high voltage.
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 106
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
VII Circuit Diagram: (Students should develop circuit diagram under the guidance of
teacher)
IX Precautions to be followed
1) Maintain the safe distance between practical set up and students as very high
voltage is used in the experiment for testing.
2) Perform test in dry area only.
3) Perform the test under the guidance of teacher only.
4) Common ground connections should be solidly connected to both test set and
motor under test.
5) Make use of safety equipment while performing the test.
X Procedure
1) Make the connections as per diagram.
2) Initially apply one third of test voltage at power frequency.
3) Increase the voltage in steps of 5% of test voltage with time interval of ten seconds.
4) Increase the voltage up to test value and maintain it for one minute.
5) Reduce the voltage suddenly to one third of test voltage and switch off.
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 107
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
2.
3.
4.
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 108
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
Calculations:
XV Results:
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
XVII Conclusion
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 109
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 110
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
XIX References / Suggestions for Further Reading
1. www.electrical4u.com
2. www.electricaltechnology.org
3. www.bis.org.in
4. www.standardbis.in
XX Assessment Scheme
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 111
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
I Practical Significance
This is routine test performed on all the machines manufactured in an industry. This
test is generally performed at manufacturer’s premises. It is performed to check
withstand capability of insulation against high voltage.
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 112
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
IX Precautions to be followed
1) Maintain the safe distance between practical set up and students as very high
voltage is used in the experiment for testing.
2) Perform test in dry area only.
3) Perform the test under the guidance of teacher only.
4) Common ground connections should be solidly connected to both test set and
motor under test.
5) Make use of safety equipments while performing the test.
X Procedure
1) Make the connections as per diagram.
2) Initially apply one third of test voltage at power frequency.
3) Increase the voltage in steps of 5% of test voltage with time interval of ten
seconds.
4) Increase the voltage up to test value and maintain it for one minute.
5) Reduce the voltage suddenly to one third of test voltage and switch off.
3
4
Calculations:
XV Results:
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
XVII Conclusion
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 114
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 115
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 116
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment (22625)
XX Assessment Scheme
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 117