PHYSICAL

EDUCATION
PE101 – PHYSICAL FITNESS, GYMNASTICS AND AEROBICS
COURSE CODE: PE101
FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
01 Introduction to Physical Education. Legal Bases of
Physical Education. General and Specific Objectives of
Physical Education. Purpose of Physical Education.

PHYSICAL FITNESS
02 Concepts of Fitness. Components of Physical Fitness.
Categories of Physical Fitness. Benefits of Physical
Fitness.

GYMNASTICS
03 Introduction to Gymnastics. Meaning and History of
Gymnastics. General Objectives of Gymnastics. Basic
Position in Gymnastics. Rhythmic Gymnastics.

AEROBICS
04 Introduction to Aerobics. Nature and Purpose of
Aerobics. Aerobic Dance (Zumba).
 CHAPTER I: FOUNDATIONS OF
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
INTRODUCTION:
 Physical Education is a vital part of the total
education of all individuals throughout their
academic journey.
 It renders meaningful learning experiences
which help in the enhancements of
every student's academic performance, mental
alertness, readiness, and enthusiasm for learning.
 OBJECTIVES:
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
• Identify the legal bases of physical education.
• Explain the objectives and purpose of physical education.
LEGAL BASES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

UNESCO ARTICLE XIV, SECTION 19

The International Charter of Physical Education and “The state shall promote physical education and encourage
Sport UNESCO (United Nations Educations, sports programs league competitions and amateur sports
Scientific and Cultural Organization) states that including training for international competition to foster
self-discipline, teamwork, and excellence for the
the practice of physical education and sports is a
development of a healthy and alert citizenry.”
basic right for all.

“The practice of physical education and sports is a “All educations institutions shall undertake regular sports
fundamental right of all...” activities throughout the country and in cooperation with
athletic clubs and other sectors.”
“And this right should not be treated a different in
principle from the right adequate food, shelter, Article XIV, Section 19
medical care.” 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines
Furthermore, Physical Education
is necessary to meet the constantly
changing lifestyle of people
and diminish people's over-
dependence on technology for
perceived relaxation out of engaging
into online leisure activities.

Through physical education,

students may realize the significance
and benefits of being physically fit,
encouraging them to enjoy living a
healthier lifestyle through active
physical engagement.
GENERAL OBJECTIVES
To develop and maintain the
optimal physical fitness
and productivity of the
individual.
To develop the movement
potentials of each individual
to an optimum level.

To develop skills, knowledge

and attitudes active participation
engagement in
varied fitness activities.
To develop a basic
understanding and appreciation
of human movement.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT MENTAL DEVELOPMENT
Through the carefully selected physical activities Through physical education activities the learners
an individual who participates actively will acquire knowledge and understanding of rules and
develop and maintain good healthy and optimum strategies of the games, sports and dance
level of physical fitness.
instructions.

EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Through physical education activities the
Physical education provides more than
students gradually learn to manage their
just exercise for students. Students learn
selves and acts wisely with courage when
communication skills and how
exposed in stressful and emotional
to collaborate together as a group.
situations.

SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT
Integrated efforts by health and physical education programs can highlight the importance of spiritual concepts like critical
awareness, contemplation, purposeful living, nature, acceptance, transparency, awareness, tolerance, resiliency, experience,
community, and the critical role of the body, mind, and spirit to holistic health.
 PURPOSES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

To promote understanding
To involve the learner in a of and appreciation for the
wide range of movement, differences among people in
knowledge and skill- physical activity settings.
building experiences

To develop the habit of regularly

To contribute to the learner’s participating in physical activity
growing value system and as part of health-enhancing
his/her development of personal fitness plan.
responsible attitude and
behavior essential to a healthy
lifestyle.
PHYSICAL FITNESS
 When you are physically fit, your
lungs, heart, and muscles are
strong and your body
is flexible and firm. Your body fat
percentage and weight are also
within the standard range

CONCEPT

Being physically fit equates to having

the endurance and strength to carry-
out daily activities without undue stress and
still possess sufficient energy to join leisure
activities and be able to face unexpected
emergencies.
 COMPONENTS OF
STAMINA FLEXIBILITY

The ability of body systems The ability to maximize the

to process, deliver, store, and range of motion at a given
utilize energy. joint.

CARDIOVASCULAR / STRENGTH POWER

RESPIRATORY ENDURANCE
The ability of a muscular unit,
The ability of body systems The ability of a muscular unit,
or combination of muscular
to gather, process, and or combination of muscular
units, to apply maximum force
deliver oxygen. units, to apply force.
in minimum time.
 COMPONENTS OF
COORDINATION BALANCE

The ability to combine several distinct The ability to control the placement of
movement patterns into a singular the body’s center of gravity in relation
distinct movement. to its support base.

SPEED AGILITY ACCURACY

The ability to minimize the The ability to minimize transition The ability to control
time cycle of a repeated time from one movement pattern movement in a given direction
movement. to another. or at a given intensity.
 CARDIO-RESPIRATORY ENDURANCE
The ability of your heart, blood vessels, lungs, and
blood to deliver oxygen and nutrients to all of your
body's cells while you are being physically active.

MASCULAR STRENGTH
It is the amount of force that a muscle can apply
in a given contraction. The key to making your
muscles stronger is working them against
resistance, whether that be from weights or
gravity.

MASCULAR ENDURANCE
HEALTH-RELATED FITNESS The ability of the muscles to keep working over a
Health-related physical fitness consists of components of period of time. Muscular endurance is important to
almost any activity that requires any use of physical
physical fitness that have a relationship with good health. strength and is one of the more important aspects
The components are commonly defined as: of physical fitness and performance.
 FLEXIBILITY
The ability of the joints to move through their full
range of motion.

BODY COMPOSITION
Refers to the ration of lean body tissue (muscle
& bone) to body-fat tissue. A person's total body
weight (what you see on a scale) may not change
over time. But the bathroom scale does not
assess how much is lean mass (muscle, bone,
tendons, and ligaments).

HEALTH-RELATED FITNESS Body composition is important to consider for

health and managing your weight. To improve
Health-related physical fitness consists of components of your body composition all the health-related
components of fitness and good nutrition are
physical fitness that have a relationship with good health.
critical.
The components are commonly defined as:
 AGILITY
Is the ability to change the position of your body and to
control the movement of your whole body. Agility is an
important quality in many sports, because you must
change direction rapidly and always have your body
under control.

BALANCE
Is the ability to keep an upright posture while
either standing still or moving. Good balance in
essential in many activities like skating, surfing,
skiing, and gymnastics.

POWER
SKILL-RELATED FITNESS Is the ability to perform with strength at a rapid
These skill-related components are movements that are pace. Strength and speed are both involved in
power.
necessary for an individual to successfully demonstrate a variety
of motor skills and movement patterns.
 REACTION TIME
Is the amount of time it takes to start a movement
once your senses signal the need to move. People
with good reaction time can usually start quickly in
track and swimming or react quickly in ping pong or
karate.

COORDINATION
Is the integration of eye, hand, and foot
movements. This component is necessary for
success in such sports as baseball, softball,
tennis, golf, and basketball.

SPEED
SKILL-RELATED FITNESS Is the ability to cover a distance in a short amount
of time. Speed is a very important factor in many
These skill-related components are movements that are sports and activities. Short runs are used to
necessary for an individual to successfully demonstrate a variety evaluate speed.
of motor skills and movement patterns.
“IF IT IS TO BE, IT IS UP TO ME.”
Essential Understanding: If you are going to bring about change in the way
you look and feel, then it is up to you. No one else can choose the right foods
or exercise it’s your body only!
VITALITY
Muscle is basic for all body action. They increase in strength with
activity and deteriorate from lack of it. Fit muscles useless energy to
perform the same task, leading to increase in vitality.

POSTURE
A physically fit person is able to maintain his general posture alignment better
than one with weak musculature.

RELIEVES LOW BACK PAIN

Lack of physical activity has found to be the major cause for some cases of pain in
the lower back. Most adults who suffer from low back pain are relieved of this pain
by exercises that strengthen their back and abdominal muscles.

RETARDS AGEING PROCESS

Continued participation in regular exercise of the proper amounts is of
considerable value in postponing the deterioration that usually takes place as a
person grows old.
ABILITY TO MEET EMERGENCIES
The body that is accustomed to only sedentary living can usually
operates affectivity even through it is operating at near maximum effort.

NEUROMUSCULAR SKILLS
The smooth, efficient coordination of the muscular system is improved as a result of
regular participation in physical activities.

RELAXATION
Over active minds, in under active bodies often need physical outlets for
accumulated emotional and muscular tensions that seem to be relieved by action
of the skeletal muscles.
IMPROVEMENT OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL SKILLS
Participation in games a sports aid in improving the personality and in
developing the desirable social skills.

MENTAL FITNESS
Because of the mental and physical relaxation that often results from physical activity,
regular exercise was taught in many to be considerable value in adding the mental
processes to function with increased efficiency.

GENERAL HEALTH
The physically fit person usually possesses a high degree of general
resistance which enable him to successfully avoid such minor illnesses.