He Said The Test Was Difficult.: Changing Pronouns and Time Expressions

Indirect Speech /reported speech refers to a sentence reporting what someone has
said. If the reporting verb (i.e. said) is in the past, the reported clause will be in a
past form. This form is usually one tense back into the past from the original.
For example: *He said the test was difficult.
If reporting a general truth the present tense will be retained.
For example: *The teacher said that the Earth revolves around the sun.
Changing Pronouns and Time Expressions
When changing from direct speech to indirect speech, it is often necessary to change
the pronouns to match the subject of the sentence.
For example:
 She said, "I want to bring my children tomorrow." 

She said she wanted to bring her children the next day.
 Jack said, "My wife went with me to the show yesterday." 
Jack said his wife had gone with him to the show the day before.
Indirect Questions – YES/NO and WH-questions
 When reporting questions, it is especially important to pay attention to

sentence order.
 When reporting yes/ no questions connect the reported question using 'if' or
‘whether’.
 When reporting wh-questions (why, where, when, etc.) use the question
word.
For example:
 She asked, "Do you want to come with me now?" =>

She asked me if/whether I wanted to come with her then.
 He asked, “Can you come to the movies tonight?” =>
He asked if/whether she could come to the movies that night.
 Dave asked, "Where did you go last weekend?" =>
Dave asked me where I had gone the previous weekend.
 He asked, "Why are you studying English?" =>
She asked me why I was studying English.
I told you to start working!

Changing Tenses and Time Expressions
Direct Speech Reported Speech

He said, "I live in Paris." He said he lived in Paris.
He said, "I am cooking dinner now." He said he was cooking dinner then.
He said, "I have visited London twice." He said he had visited London twice.
He said he had gone to New York the week
He said, "I went to New York last week."
before.
He said, "I had already eaten." He said he had already eaten.
He said he was going to find a new job the
He said, "I am going to find a new job next year."
following year.
He said, "I will give Jack a call tomorrow." He said he would give Jack a call the next day.
He said, "I have been working on that project for He said he had been working on that project
over two weeks." for over two weeks.
He said, "I can come tonight." He said he could come that night.
* He said, "I may buy a new car." He said he might buy a new car.
* He said, "I must give Ken a call." He said he had to give Ken a call.
* He said, "I have to give Ken a call." He said he had to give Ken a call.
* He said, "I should see a doctor" He said he should see a doctor.
EXERCISES – Reported Speech

1. Mary "I love chocolate."
Jill: "Mary said (that) she ___ chocolate."
a. loved
b. loves
c. loving
2. Mary: "I went skiing."
Jill: "Mary said (that) she ___ skiing."
a. went
b. had gone
c. have gone
3. Mary: "I will eat steak for dinner." The teacher told me
Jill: "Mary said (that) she ___ eat steak for dinner." I had passed the
a. willing test!!!
b. will
c. would
4. Mary: "I have been to Sydney."
Jill: "Mary said (that) she ___ to Sydney."
a. had been
b. has been
c. was being
5. Mary: "I have had three cars."
Jill: "Mary said (that) she ___ three cars.
a. has
b. has had
c. had had
6. Mary: "I'm going to go to Long Beach."
Jill: "Mary said (that) she ___ going to go to Long Beach."
a. is
b. was
c. went
7. Mary: "I don't like spinach."
Jill: "Mary said (that) she ___ like spinach."
a. doesn't
b. don't
c. didn't
8. Mary: "I have never been to London."
Jill: "Mary said (that) she ___ never been to London."
a. had
b. has
c. have The princess asked
9. Mary: "I was swimming." me If I would marry
Jill: "Mary said (that) she ___ swimming. her!!
a. has been
b. had been
c. have been
10. Mary: "I had a cat."
Jill: Mary said (that) she had ___ a cat."
a. have
b. has
c. had
A. Change the following statements into reported speech
1. “I am going to the cinema with my girlfriend.”

He said________________________________________________________.
2. “You have bought yourself a lovely new dress!”

He told her_____________________________________________________.
3. “They are waiting outside.”

He announced__________________________________________________.
4. “I have been smoking too much.”

She said_______________________________________________________.
5. “I lost my temper last week.”

He said________________________________________________________.
6. “I was as sick as a dog yesterday.”

She told me____________________________________________________.
7. “You play the piano very well.”

He told her_______________________________________________.
8. “She has given me a birthday gift!”

He announced that_________________________________________.
9. “He is sitting right behind me.”

I told her that______________________________________________.
10. “I will answer the phone.”
He announced that_________________________________________.
B. Change the following questions into reported speech
1. "Will Mary arrive by five?" Fred asked me _________________________.
2. "Did you see that film last month?" Jane asked me __________________.
3. "Do you want to go to the cinema?" Jill asked me ___________________.
4. "Are you going to help us?" Jim asked me _________________________.
5. “Where are you going?” He asked me_____________________________.
6. “How did you do that?” They wanted to know______________________.
7. “Who will come to the cinema with us?” They

asked_________________.
8. “Why were you so sad an hour ago?” She asked me_______

My friend wanted to
9. “What is the matter?” They wondered____________________ know when I was
going to finish this
10. “How could they be so impatient?” I wondered____________ exercise…
C. Change the following orders into reported speech
1. "Sit down." He told me_________________________________.
2. "Don’t put your books away." She ordered me_____________
3. "Take out your pen." Dan asked me_______________________________.
4. "Don’t smoke here." He told me___________________________________.
5. "Do well on the pop quiz." She told me____________________________.

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He Said The Test Was Difficult.: Changing Pronouns and Time Expressions

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Indirect Speech /reported speech refers to a sentence reporting what someone has

For example: *He said the test was difficult.

If reporting a general truth the present tense will be retained.

Changing Pronouns and Time Expressions

 She said, "I want to bring my children tomorrow." 

Indirect Questions – YES/NO and WH-questions

 When reporting questions, it is especially important to pay attention to

 She asked, "Do you want to come with me now?" =>

I told you to start working!

Direct Speech Reported Speech

EXERCISES – Reported Speech

A. Change the following statements into reported speech

1. “I am going to the cinema with my girlfriend.”

2. “You have bought yourself a lovely new dress!”

3. “They are waiting outside.”

4. “I have been smoking too much.”

5. “I lost my temper last week.”

6. “I was as sick as a dog yesterday.”

7. “You play the piano very well.”

8. “She has given me a birthday gift!”

9. “He is sitting right behind me.”

B. Change the following questions into reported speech

1. "Will Mary arrive by five?" Fred asked me _________________________.

3. "Do you want to go to the cinema?" Jill asked me ___________________.

4. "Are you going to help us?" Jim asked me _________________________.

5. “Where are you going?” He asked me_____________________________.

6. “How did you do that?” They wanted to know______________________.

7. “Who will come to the cinema with us?” They

8. “Why were you so sad an hour ago?” She asked me_______

C. Change the following orders into reported speech

1. "Sit down." He told me_________________________________.

2. "Don’t put your books away." She ordered me_____________

3. "Take out your pen." Dan asked me_______________________________.

4. "Don’t smoke here." He told me___________________________________.

5. "Do well on the pop quiz." She told me____________________________.

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