Lesson 3

Daily Activities

 Match the correct verb with the pictures and translate them into
Spanish.
 go to bed

go to work

have breakfast

have dinner

have lunch

return home

wake up

 Read the following article.

Rosa’s day

Rosa Cleeson is a police artist. She lives in a small flat with her children. She gets up very early every day because
she has a shower and makes breakfast for her son Ross (12) and her daughter Jesse (10). They always have
chocolate milk and cereals but they do not eat toasts or biscuits.
At half past seven she takes them to school and drives to the police station. She likes her job because she loves
drawing. She interviews witnesses and draws the people that they describe.
Some detectives prefer computers but she says that artists often get better results than computers. She always
makes friends with the witnesses: “When people relax, they remember more” she says.
She chooses her questions carefully because she does not want to suggest ideas to the witnesses. She watches the
witnesses’ faces: “When they remember, their eyes look left. When they guess, their eyes look right.”
  Choose the correct alternative. What does a POLICE ARTIST do?
 He / She helps the police to find a criminal.
 He / She draws criminal´s face.
 He / She watches witnesses’ eyes.
 He / She interviews people who are witness of crimes.

 Match the questions to the correct answers.

What does she do? At the police station.

How old are her children? Witnesses.

What time does she go to work? Criminals.

Where does she work? She´s a police artist.

Who does she interview? They are 10 and 12.

Whose faces does she draw? At 7.30

 Answer TRUE or FALSE and justify the false statements in Spanish.

 True False Justification

Rosa lives alone.

She goes to work by car.

She uses a computer to work.

She makes people feel comfortable.

She usually draws the crime scene.

QUESTION WORDS
Expresiones interrogativas

Who person  Who’s that?  That’s Nancy.

Where place  Where do you live?  In Boston.
 Why do you sleep early?  Because I’ve got to get
Why reason
up early.
When time  When do you go to work? – At seven.
How manner  How do you go to the office? – By car.
What object, idea or action  What do you do? – I’m an engineer.
Which choice  Which one do you prefer? – The red one.
Whose possession  Whose is this book? – It’s Alan’s
 Whom do you meet this afternoon? – I meet the
Whom object of the verb
new manager
What kind description  What kind of music do you like? – I like quiet songs.
 What time do you usually go to bed? – I usually go
What time time
to bed at 9.00 pm.
How many quantity (countable)  How many students are there? – There are twenty.
How much amount, price (uncountable)  How much time have we got? – Ten minutes!
 How long do you want to stay in the hotel? – For a
How long duration, length
week.
How often frequency  How often do you go to the gym? – Twice a week.
How far distance  How far is your school? – It’s one mile far.
How old age  How old are you? – I’m 20 (years old).
How come reason
 Question words are also called WH questions because they include the letters “W”
and “H”.

 Analyze the use of Simple Present in the following examples.

Complete the table in Spanish.

Example Use

He gets up at 6 o´clock

People phone to the bank

Tim is polite and friendly

I like watching TV after dinner

 Find the following verbs in the text and complete the table using the infinitive
form and person of the verbs in the Simple Present.
Infinitive Conjugated verbs Person

is

have

draws

prefer

relax

chooses

 Copy examples of Adverbs of frequency and translate them into Spanish.

Example Translation
 PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES
Prefijos y sufijos
Los prefijos y sufijos son grupos de letras que se encuentran al comienzo o al final de la palabra. No
son palabras en sí mismas y no aparecen solas en la oración, aunque pueden estar separadas de la
palabra por un guion.

PREFIXES
Prefijos
Los prefijos se ubican delante de una palabra con el fin de crear otra palabra con diferente
significado.
Prefix Word New word
un- happy unhappy
multi- cultural multicultural
over- work overwork
cyber- space cyberspace
super- market supermarket

SUFFIXES
Sufijos
Los sufijos se ubican detrás de una palabra y frecuentemente dichas palabras cambian su función.
Word Suffix New word
work -er worker
taste -less tasteless
childish
child -ish
(cambia de sustantivo a adjetivo)
idolize
idol -ize/-ise
(cambia de sustantivo a verbo)
likeable
like -able
(cambia de verbo a adjetivo)
 Algunos prefijos y sufijos se usan habitualmente en palabras que se e-book
relacionan con conceptos o productos nuevos.

E.g.
e-cash
Email contiene el prefijo e-, que significa “electronic”. Dicho prefijo
se utiliza en palabras que se relacionan con Internet. e-commerce

 Write the jobs in the correct column according to the suffix.

detective
sergeant police officer
technician
diver supervisor
investigator

-ER -OR -IAN Others

NOUN-NOUN STRUCTURE
Estructura sustantivo-sustantivo

 Match the two columns.

 police scene

police car

crime custody

traffic station

squad/patrol police

shopping center
coffee bar
El primer sustantivo funciona como adjetivo.

E.g.
Siempre se encuentra en singular aunque se lo living room
traduzca como plural.
a shoe-shop (NOT a shoes shop)
a bus-stop (NOT a buses stop)

El primer sustantivo puede describir:

milk chocolate

E.g.
Material del que/con que está hecho.
a glass bowl
a table lamp
Lugar donde se ubica. E.g.
Oxford University
a daydream
E.g.

Tiempo en el que sucede.

afternoon tea
car keys
E.g.

Propósito.
a conference room

Noun + noun + noun + noun ...

Podemos encontrar dos, tres o más sustantivos
actuando de adjetivos.
E.g.

road accident research centre

Por lo general, dichas estructuras se pueden encontrar
en los títulos de los periódicos.

 Copy examples of adverbs of frequency

 Find examples of connectors and explain their function.
Connector Use

PRESENT SIMPLE
Presente
A continuación, se especifican los usos con los ejemplos correspondientes, y la estructura gramatical
del Present Simple.
Where do you work?
Situaciones permanentes o
E.g.

The store opens at 9 o’clock.

duraderas.
She lives in New York.
I usually get up at 7 o’clock.
E.g.

Hábitos y rutinas. She doesn’t often go to the cinema.

When do they usually have lunch?
The Earth revolves around the Sun.
E.g.

Hechos reales. What does ‘strange’ mean?

Water doesn’t boil at 20 degrees.
I love walking around late at night during the
summer.
E.g.

Gustos y preferencias.
She hates flying!
What do you like?
He doesn’t agree with you.
I think he is a wonderful student.
E.g.

Opiniones y creencias.
What do you consider your best
accomplishment?
The plane leaves at 4 p.m.
E.g.

Horarios pre-establecidos. When do courses begin this semester?

The train doesn’t arrive until 10.35.
Estructura gramatical
I
You
In the positive form the base form eat lunch at noon.
of the 3rd person singular ends in We
POSITIVE “s”, “ies” (if the verb ends in -y
They
Afirmación preceded by a consonant) or “es”
(if the verb ends in “o”, “sh”, “ch” He
or “x”) works well in any
She
situation.
It
I
You
don’t enjoy opera.
Conjugate the auxiliary ‘do’ not We
NEGATIVE (don’t and doesn’t) before the base
They
Negación form of the verb to make
negatives. He
doesn’t belong to the
She
club.
It

Adverbios y expresiones de frecuencia para el Present

Simple.
always twice a month
at weekends once a month
every + day: every Thursday three times a month
Se utilizan para everyday once a week
indicar con qué
frecuencia se frequently twice a week
E.g.

realiza la acción hardly ever three times a week

indicada por el
verbo. never rarely
often seldom
on + day + “s”: on Thursdays sometimes
on occasion usually

Posición de los adverbios

“Always”, “usually”, “often”, “frequently”, “sometimes”, “seldom” y “never” se ubican siempre entre la persona y el
verbo. Los restantes van al comienzo o al final de la frase.
 I always go to school by bus.
On Mondays I have gym.
I usually get up at 7.
Once a month I have a test.
I often / frequently watch TV in the evening.
Twice a month I have a test.
I sometimes have lunch in a restaurant.
E.g.

Three times a month I have a test.

I seldom have breakfast.
I play tennis once a week.
I never arrive late.
I play tennis twice a week.
Everyday I have homework.
I play tennis three times a week.
Every Monday I have gym.

How often do you have

Para preguntar a alguien con qué frecuencia realiza gym classes?

E.g.
algo, se usa “how often”. I have gym classes every
Monday.

Días de la semana
Day of the Week Abbreviation
Monday Mon. Mo.
Tuesday Tue. Tu.
Weekdays
Wednesday Wed. We.
Days of the week (5 days)
Thursday Thu. Th.
(7 days)
Friday Fri. Fr.
Weekend Saturday Sat. Sa.
(2 days) Sunday Sun. Su.

“Days of the week” son los 7 días de la semana. (lunes a domingo).

“Weekdays” son los 5 días de la semana (lunes a viernes).
The “weekend” es el fin de semana (sábado y domingo)

Meses del año

Month Short Form Days Season
1 January Jan. 31
Summer
2 February Feb. 28/29
3 March Mar. 31
4 April Apr. 30 Autumn
5 May May 31
6 June Jun. 30 Winter
 7 July Jul. 31
8 August Aug. 31
9 September Sep. 30
10 October Oct. 31 Spring
11 November Nov. 30
12 December Dec. 31 Summer

El tiempo cronológico
What´s the time?
What time… ?
  Reading comprehension.

Teachers together

From Anya: Help! I teach on a course that uses digital technology. I do not understand many
things: How do you use a forum in teaching? What are wikis and podcasts? And
what is a learning management system?
From Ricky: Anya, are you sure this is the right job for you?
From Stefan: It is very easy! In a forum people send messages to a group, so it is email for a
group of people. Teachers have a forum for their class or classes, and their
students communicate as a group. They read and answer the messages. A wiki
is a web page that everybody in a group work with, so they add information or
photos, and the wiki grows. Sometimes it is about a single subject or general,
like Wikipedia. Good luck!
From Beth: Anya, I teach on one of these new digital courses. It is not difficult. A learning
management system (an LMS) is really an online course (students hand in
homework online), teachers suggest websites for students to work with, they use
forum, and so on. Podcasts on my course are just recordings of lectures that
you can download onto your MP3 player and listen to when you want.

 Look at the posts on the teachers’ message board. What is their

main topic?

They discuss new technology in different jobs.

They exchange ideas for lessons.

They give helpful information to a teacher.

 Read the posts again. Are the statements TRUE or FALSE? Justify the false
statements in Spanish.
True False Justification

Anya knows all new technology.

She wants to study on a new course.

Stefan explains all the new words for Anya.

Stefan and Beth give Anya usefull

information.

She/He works with new technology.

She/He is not very helpful.

She/He asks for help.

She/He writes about another person´s message.

She/He gives Anya a well-known example.

2. What kind of new technology do you use?

3. Where is the university?

4. How do you go to the university?

5. How long do you spend there?

 Listen to “Teachers’ Daily Routine” and identify the daily activities

and expressions of time.
http://www.learnglish.net/archives/517
Lesson 4

Do’s and don’ts

 What do you think?

 1. What happens when you call 911 for a fire? Why do we call 911?

2. Who do we call in our country?

 Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.

Call 911

Call 911 only in case of emergencies. These include fires, crimes, and medical emergencies. When you call 911, be
prepared to provide the following information: your name, address, telephone number, a description of the
emergency, and the location of the emergency.
If your emergency is medical, they may ask you questions about the victim’s condition. The 911 Operator may ask
if the victim is breathing, conscious, and if he or she has a pulse. Do not be nervous. Stay on the line with the
operator until an ambulance and paramedics arrive. It is better. Often, the operator can tell you what to do for the
victim until help arrives.

 Questions.
1. When should you dial 911?

2. What information should you be prepared to give when you call 911?
 3. What should be able to tell the 911 Operator about the victim’s condition?

4. Why is it important to stay on the line until help arrives?

 Find a conditional sentence type 0 and translate it. Why does the author use it?

 Find an example of a noun- noun structure.

 Give an example of a comparative adjective.

IMPERATIVE
Imperativo
El imperativo se utiliza, generalmente, para dar órdenes, instrucciones o advertencias. Si se utiliza
para hacer pedidos, se utiliza “por favor”.
E.g.

Órdenes. Sit down now!

Watch out!
E.g.

Advertencias.
Don't cross!
Don't drink alcohol.
E.g.

Consejos.
Eat healthly.
Invitación. Come with me, please.

E.g
.
Instrucciones. Read carefully.

E.g
.
Pedidos. Give me that book, please.

E.g.
Se puede usar el imperativo para hacer pedidos, pero se debe Please take a seat.
agregar alguna palabra amable antes del verbo. Please wait here.
Nota

E.g.
Las oraciones imperativas no requieren de un sujeto. El usted o Go ahead!
ustedes está implícito.
Stop!

E.g.
Para utilizar el imperativo, se utiliza el infinitivo sin “to”.
Sit down!

Para utilizar un imperativo negativo, agregar “do not” o “don’t” antes Don't go!

E.g.
del verbo. Do not walk on the grass.

CONDITIONAL TYPE 0
Condicional tipo cero

IF + Simple Present + Simple Present

If you heat butter, it melts.

If you put water in a cooler, it freezes.
Usado para expresar verdades
científicas, hechos que nunca If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.
E.g.

cambian o situaciones que If you cross an international date line, the time changes.
siempre ocurren.
If you drop ice in water, it floats.
If iron gets wet, it rusts.
 ADJECTIVE DEGREES
Grados de los adjetivos
Los grados de comparación del adjetivo son tres.
POSITIVE
Es el adjetivo en su forma simple, básica. big
Positivo
COMPARATIVE
Establece la relación o comparación entre dos cosas. bigger
Comparativo
SUPERLATIVE the
Denota el más alto grado de una cualidad.
Superlativo biggest

Estos dos últimos grados se explican a continuación y tienen siempre como punto de partida el adjetivo en su
grado positivo.

Comparativo
DE IGUALDAD AFIRMATIVO
as + adjective + as This book is as interesting as that magazine.
E.g.

TAN + adjetivo + COMO Buenos Aires is as expensive as Tokyo.

DE IGUALDAD NEGATIVO
not as + adjective + as This flat is not as big as that house.
E.g.

NO TAN + adjetivo + COMO Paris is not as expensive as Tokyo.

DE SUPERIORIDAD
Los monosílabos y los bisílabos terminados en sonido vocálico o con acento en la segunda sílaba forman el
comparativo añadiendo “-er” al adjetivo.
adjective + er + than
E.g.

This book is cheaper than that magazine.

MAS + adjetivo + QUE
Con los polisílabos se antepone “more” (más) al adjetivo seguido de “than” (“que” comparativo).
more + adjective + than

E.g.
Paris is more interesting than Los Angeles.
MAS + adjetivo + QUE

DE INFERIORIDAD
less + adjective + than less expensive than

E.g.
MENOS + adjetivo + QUE less intelligent than

Superlativo
You are the tallest.
Los monosílabos y bisílabos añaden la terminación

E.g.
“-est” al adjetivo. Mount Everest is the highest
mountain.
Los polisílabos anteponen “the most” (el más, los
E.g.
This book is the most expensive.
más, la más, las más) al adjetivo.
El superlativo de inferioridad se forma añadiendo La Rioja is the least expensive
E.g.

“the least” (el menos) al adjetivo. province in Argentina.

Comparativos y superlativos irregulares

Comparativos Superlativos
good better than the best
bad worse than the worst
late later than / latter the latest / the last
little less than the least
much more than the most
many more than the most
old older than / elder than the oldest / the eldest
far farther than the farthest
far further than the furthest

 ¿Te acordás de las cinco reglas para formar el comparativo y

superlativo de los adjetivos en inglés? Vamos a revisarlas.

El comparativo y superlativo de los

adjetivos de una sílaba se forman
REGLA 1 cold  colder  coldest
agregando las terminaciones “-er” y
“-est” al final del adjetivo.
 Los adjetivos que terminan con vocal
seguida de una consonante duplican
REGLA 2 hot  hotter  hottest
la consonante final antes de agregar
las terminaciones “-er” o “-est”.
Los adjetivos de dos sílabas que
terminan en “-y” cambian la “y” por
REGLA 3 noisy  noisier  noisiest
“i” y recién entonces agregan las
terminaciones “-er” o “-est”.
En el caso de adjetivos de más de
dos sílabas, el comparativo y beautiful  more beautiful than 
REGLA 4
superlativo se forman generalmente the most beautiful
con “more” y “most”.
good  better  best
Los comparativos y superlativos bad  worse  worst
REGLA 5
“irregulares” cambian totalmente.
far  farther / further  farthest /
furthest
absurd  more absurd than  the
most absurd
modern  more modern than  the
Sin embargo, existen algunos
most modern
adjetivos que, a pesar de tener dos
EXCEPCIONE sílabas, se los trata como adjetivos polite  more polite than  the
S largos o polisílabos y forman el most polite
comparativo y superlativo con “more”
serious  more serious than  the
y “most”. Tratá de memorizarlos.
most serious
tired  more tired than  the most
tired
  Let´s scan the text!

Your first interview!

If it is your first job interview, you may be nervous. (In fact if you are not nervous, maybe your attitude is wrong!)
The only way to do this is by creating a good impression on the person who is interviewing you. Here is how:
DO DON´T
Find as much as you can about the job. Ever walk into the interview chewing gum or
smoking.
Think about how your qualifications and
experience relate to the job. Forget to bring with you any school certificates
Choose your interview clothing ith care. Have a drink beforehand to give you courage.
Appearance counts.
The interview
Make sure you know where the interview
The interview is designed to finf out more
office isand how to get there. It is better to be
about you and to see if you are suitable for
on time or a few minutes before.
the job.
Make a real effort to answer any questions and
Forget to shake hands with the interviewer.
be clear and concise.
Stres poor aspects of yourself and always
Show enthusiasm.
showw your best side.
Concentrate on what the interviewer is saying.
Sell yoursef but do not exaggerate.

 Answer TRUE or FALSE and justify the false statements in Spanish.

True False Justification

A company can do without organization.

Capital is all the money invested in a

Business.

Tango is a computer programme.

Dr Henderson gives the talk.

Charley has to list his expenses only.

Charley is not new in the Business.

 Find examples of pieces of advice given by John Henderson.

 What is NOT advisable according to John Henderson´s letter?

 Find a conditional sentence type 0 and translate it.

 Find an example of a noun- noun structure.

 Give an example of a comparative adjective from the text.

 Give an example of a superlative adjective from the text.

 Match. The Human Resources Department sees to:

Insurance Money paid by the government, according to the salary.

Wage a fixed amount of Money, paid weekly for work.

Income tax a health and general welfare services provided by the employer.

Laws economic protection against an accident or risk.

Social Benefits rules used to order the social system.

 Write a list of the key words in Spanish which summarize the main ideas of the
text. You can also include important dates.
 Find Examples.

Find an example of conditional sentence.

Find an example of an imperative.

Find examples of adverbs of frequency.

Find an example of a superlative adjective

Lesson 5

Bullying

 Answer the following questions in Spanish.

 1. Do you know what bullying means?

2. Why do you think it is important to talk about bullying?

3. Why do you think it is important to talk about bullying?

 Read the article carefully.

Dealing with Bullying

Bullying Is a Big Problem

There are thousands of teens that wake up afraid to go to school every day. Bullying is a problem that affects
millions of students, and it has everyone worried.
Bullying is when an individual or a group with more power picks on a person over and over again at school, in the
park, at work, everywhere.
Some bullies attack their targets physically: they shove, hit or even sexually assault them. Others use
psychological control or verbal insults to put themselves in charge. Verbal bullying can also involve cyberbullying:
Bullies send cruel texts, messages, or post insults about a person on Facebook or other social sites.

How Does Bullying Make People Feel?

One of the most painful aspects of bullying is that it is relentless. Most people can take one episode of teasing or
name calling. However, when it goes on and on, bullying can put a person in a state of constant fear.
Studies show that bullied people are at risk for mental health problems, such as low self-esteem, stress,
depression, or anxiety. They can also think about suicide more.
Bullies are at risk for problems, too. Bullying is violence, and it often leads to more violent behavior as the bully
grows up. Some teen bullies end up being rejected by their peers and lose friendships as they grow older. Bullies
can also fail in school and not have the career or relationship success that other people enjoy.

What Can You Do?

For younger kids, the best way to solve a bullying problem is to tell any
trusted adult. For teens, though, the tell-an-adult approach depends on
the bullying situation.
One situation in which it is vital to report bullying is if it threatens to lead
to physical danger and harm. Adults in positions of authority — parents,
teachers, or coaches — often can find ways to resolve dangerous
bullying problems.
If you're in a bullying situation that you think can escalate into physical
violence, try to avoid being alone (and if you have a friend in this
situation, spend as much time together as you can). Try to remain part
of a group when you walk home or try to stick close to friends or classmates during the times that the bullying
takes place.

 Read the article again and answer the following questions in

Spanish.
1. What is bullying?

2. How many types of bullying are there?

3. What are the risks for…?

Bullies Bullied people
 4. How can you solve or avoid bullying?

 Recognize an example of existence in the text and say what it means in

Spanish
Example:

Spanish:

EXISTENTIAL THERE
Existencia
La estructura THERE + BE puede ser singular o plural y puede utilizarse en los distintos tiempos
verbales. Su significado es de EXISTENCIA. Se puede traducir como hay, tiene(n) o existe(n).
Affirmative There is a library in the university
Negative There is not a library in the university
SINGULAR
Is there a library in the university?
Interrogative
Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.
Affirmative There are six computer rooms in the university.
Negative There are not six computer rooms in the university.
PLURAL
Are there six computer rooms in the university?
Interrogative
Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

Sustantivos contables e incontables
 Search the text for examples of countable and uncountable nouns.
Countable nouns Uncountable nouns
 Countable nouns Uncountable nouns

 What do the bold and underlined words in the text mean? Transcribe them and
translate them.

COUNTABLE NOUNS UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

Sustantivos contables Sustantivos incontables
Son aquellos que se pueden contar, es decir Se denominan de esta manera a aquellos
que es posible establecer su número en sustantivos que no es posible determinar su
unidades. número en unidades.

Water
An/one elephant A bottle of water
Two elephants Two waters
Two bottles of water

SOME / ANY

 Ambas palabras se usan con sustantivos

incontables o en plural, y aunque muchas
veces no se traducen en castellano, en inglés There are some books here.
no se pueden omitir.
E.g.

I don't want any sweets now.

Normalmente, “some” se usa en Do you have any children?
oraciones afirmativas y “any” en
interrogativas y negativas.
 Sin embargo, “some” puede usarse en
oraciones interrogativas para ofrecer, invitar o Would you like some coffee?
pedir algo (en general, cuando uno espera

E.g.
Can I have some bread, please?
una respuesta afirmativa por parte de la otra
persona) y también en frases condicionales If you need some help, tell me.
(con “if”).

 Cuando “any” se usa en oraciones afirmativas Any mother would have worried.

E.g.
significa “cualquiera” (no “alguno”). Any dessert will do.

IT
 Recognize examples of the word IT in the text and indicate whether
it is PRONOUN IT, DUMMY IT or ANTICIPATORY IT.

Usos de IT
 La palabra “it” es el pronombre personal de la tercera
I have a dog. It is black
E.g.

persona singular, que utilizamos para hablar de cosas,

and white.
animales, ideas.
What time is it?
 Sin embargo, esta palabra también tiene otros usos
que no están relacionados con su uso pronominal. It is four o'clock.
E.g.

Cuando hablamos de la hora y el clima, utilizamos It is snowing.

oraciones como las de los ejemplos.
It's going to rain.
Hold it!
 En estos ejemplos, no podemos identificar
precisamente a qué se refiere “it”. Tiene una referencia Take it easy!
E.g.

bastante vaga y, por eso, se lo llama dummy it, que

Can you make it to my
también se utiliza en estas expresiones.
party?
It's great to see you.
 También se utiliza “it” para anticipar algo que aparece
E.g.

luego en la misma oración. It's a pity that you can't

come to my party.
 En el primer ejemplo, “it” anticipa “to see you”.
Podemos eliminar “it” de la oración y reemplazarlo por
E.g.

To see you is great

“to see you”. En este caso se lo llama it
anticipatorio.
AT – IN – ON
 Recognize and copy examples of phrases with prepositions of time
and place and say what they mean in Spanish.
English Spanish