Module 1 Introduction PDF

Illumination
Engineering Design
Mark Anthony Q. Amul, REE
PUP - Manila
Definition of Terms
▪ Illumination – is defined as the intensity of light per unit area.Is defined
as the energy of light (ε) striking a surface of specific unit area per unit
time.
▪ Electric Illumination – is the production of light by means of electricity

and its application to provide efficient comfortable and safe vision.
Specifically, when one speaks of lighting design, he refers to only two
things:
1. Quantity of Light
2. Quality of Light
Definition of Terms
▪ Quantity of Light - refers to the amount of illumination or luminous flux
per unit area. Quantity of light can be measured and easily handled
because it deals with the number of light fixtures required for a certain
area.
▪ Quality of Light - refers to the distribution of brightness in the lightning
installation. It deals with the essential nature or characteristics of light.
In short quality of light is the mixture of all the items related to
illumination other than the quantity of light which includes several
elements such as:
1. Brightness 5. Brightness ratio or contrast
2. Glare 6. Diffuseness
3. Colour 7. Aesthetics
4. Psychological 8. Economics
Definition of Terms
There are four factors that affect illumination:
1. Brightness is the light that seems to radiate from an object being

viewed. Brightness or luminance is the luminous flux (light) emitted,
transmitted or reflected from a surface.
2. Contrast is the difference in brightness or the brightness ratio
between an object and its background. The recommended brightness
ratio between and object being viewed and its background is normally
3:1
Definition of Terms
There are four factors that affect illumination:
1. Glare is a strong, steady, dazzling light or reflection. The quality of

the lighting system must also include the visual comfort of the system
that is, the absence of glare. An excessive luminance and or
excessive luminance ratio in the field of vision is referred to as glare
2. Diffuseness refers to the control of shadows cast by light. It is the
degree to which light is shadow less, and is therefore a function of the
number of directions to which light collides with a particular point and
the comparative intensities.
Definition of Terms
Perfect Diffusion is an equal intensity of light clashing from all directions
producing no shadows.
There are three characteristics that define a particular coloration, the are:
1. Hue – is the quality attribute by which we recognize and describe
colours as red, blue, yellow, green, violet and so on.
2. Brilliance or Value – is the difference between the resultant colours
of the same hue, such as: white is the most brilliant of the neutral
colors while black is the least.
3. Saturation or Chromate – is the difference from the purity of the
colors. Colors of high saturation must be used in a well lit spaces.
Definition of Terms
▪ Watt – is the amount of energy (in Joules) that an electrical device

(such as a light) is burning per second that it's running.
▪ Lumens – is the SI unit of luminous flux, equal to the amount of light
emitted per second in a unit solid angle of one steradian from a uniform
source of one candela.
▪ Efficiency – is the ratio of total output power to input power, expressed
in percent.
Definition of Terms
▪ Efficacy – is the ratio of light output (lumens) to energy input (watts).

▪ Lux – A measurement of 1 lux is equal to the illumination of a one
metre square surface that is one metre away from a single candle.
▪ Color Rendition – is a quantitative measure of the ability of a light
source to reveal the colors of various objects faithfully in comparison
with an ideal or natural light source
▪ Color Temperature – is a way to describe the light appearance
provided by a light bulb. It is measured in degrees of Kelvin (K) on a
scale from 1,000 to 10,000.
▪ Is an electric light with a wire
filament heated until it glows. The
filament is enclosed in a glass bulb
with a vacuum or inert gas to protect
the filament from oxidation.
▪ CRI: 100
▪ An energy-saving light and compact
fluorescent tube, is a fluorescent
lamp designed to replace an
incandescent light bulb; some types
fit into light fixtures designed for
incandescent bulbs.
▪ CRI: 50-80
▪ Is a low-pressure mercury-vapor
gas-discharge lamp that uses
fluorescence to produce visible light.
An electric current in the gas excites
mercury vapor, which produces
short-wave ultraviolet light than then
causes a phosphor coating on the
inside of the lamp to glow.
Fluorescent lamp requires ballast in
its circuit.
▪ CRI: 50-80
▪ is a semiconductor device that emits
light when an electric current is
passed through it. Light is produced
when the particles that carry the
current (known as electrons and
holes) combine together within the
semiconductor material.
▪ CRI: 70-90
▪ A halogen lamp consists of a
tungsten filament, which is sealed
with a compact transparent envelop
and filled with an inert gas and small
amount of halogen (bromine or
iodine). These lamps are smaller
than the conventional lamps.
Halogen increases the lifetime and
brightness of the lamps. Luminous
efficiency of a halogen lamp is about
25 lumens per watt.
▪ CRI: 100
▪ is an electrical lamp that produces
light by an electric arc through a
gaseous mixture of vaporized
mercury and metal halides
(compounds of metals with bromine
or iodine). It is a type of high-
intensity discharge (HID) gas
discharge lamp.
▪ CRI: 80-90
▪ A neon lamp is a gas-discharge
lamp that contains gas at low
pressure. It is assembled by
mounting two electrodes within a
small glass envelop. Standard
brightness bulbs are filled with an
argon or neon gas mixture, and
high-brightness lamps are filled with
a pure neon gas.
▪ CRI: 40-70
▪ Low-pressure-sodium lamp is the first sodium
lamp which has the maximum efficiency than all
the other lighting systems. These lamps operate
much like a fluorescent lamp and there is a brief
heat up period for the lamp to reach full
brightness.
▪ CRI: 40-50
THANK YOU ☺

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Illumination

▪ Electric Illumination – is the production of light by means of electricity

1. Brightness is the light that seems to radiate from an object being

1. Glare is a strong, steady, dazzling light or reflection. The quality of

▪ Watt – is the amount of energy (in Joules) that an electrical device

▪ Efficacy – is the ratio of light output (lumens) to energy input (watts).

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