Adolescence 

Crises
Crisis Adolescents (In view of
the scientist pol t - toxic , not a
psychological outlook)
Origin of the word “ teenager  ”
Never been before the Second World
War - 2nd. XL World , the world des met ,
or better , all the civiliz human actions and
cultures that came
here desconhec er am the
stage of adolescence until
age cinq u enta .
Its origin may be relacionad to the creation
of the United Nations objectively concerned
with the direction of humanity in this new
universal concert, liderad to the
countries developed Western, winners
of such conflagration 2nd GG M orld .
The subjective motivation for creating the
name and boundaries of this phase called
"adolescence" may be associated with the
new vision of the rich countries on the
countries poor d and the new design d and 
international division of
labor social where s March s humanitarian,
ethical and economic that mark out i am
a competition market work n the
system capitalist
aims laughed m " protect " the
industrialized countries competiçã the wild
and unfair hand labor child,
cheap, debased by the countries of the so
called third world, notably India, China,
Pakistan, Indonesia and other world
centers of poverty and the hand
labor cheap, early (children, adolescents
and young people) and ab undante.
Thus avoid would be exploring " win
- win " economically of labor , child labor,
traditional d past eras previous labor
rights n the Third World poor , against the
competition of labor , skilled labor,
educated, Aged ecid and expensive of the
so-called rich first-world countries .
The fact is that fo ra agreed in the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
imposed by the dominant countries ,
rich and winners , the big capitalist
powers , the protection of the work called
Infant til now stigmatized and marginalized
by the new owners of
D ight International No civilization of post-
war .
From this milestone historical economic-
age and dissociating humanity of their lost
origins in history , when the
ages ancient past human being passed the
phase d and child life directly to the
stage of life adult, if breeding and working
hard for survival, as the foresters still do ,
from twelve to thirteen years of age,
until they reach old age, which was around
forty years of age.
Then introduced a new gap between
the passage of the infant stage to
adulthood by creating two points of useful
passage to the civilized and developed
world, however, Inut behold ,
empty s for the rest of the
mu NDOS. Was m created s adolescence
and youth calls.
In the developed world it was
necessary that workers complete ss in the
stages of study are higher and post-higher
which would require ten
years additional post - studies over the
years of study s basic s and higher , which
pushed the start of phase adult
economically and intellectually
productive (sexually) to the twenty four
years old or twenty eight years old, so
these years
older , unproductive economically and
ocio sos , were financed pel rich society ,
affluent and wealthy, which would be
unfeasible economically to the rest of the
world has not developed , except for the
wealthy families of s second and third
world s .
At
this s stage s the long of s preparation for
life adult is designated the names
d and adolescence and youth respectively .
Was m so s burden of unproductive
idleness of adolescence and
youth designed and launched on the
budget d family and on the rest of society,
though not rest and doubt of the best
citizen prepared intellectually
represent bake maintenance and
expansion of the competitive advantages of
the countries of the first world extending it
more and more over the rest
of underdeveloped humanity .
The richest countries in those countries of
the second, third and fourth worlds ,
isolated from capitalist competition , were
effectively served and well protected from
labor competition.
This seems to be the most convincing
explanation for the creation or emergence
of this phase in people's lives. The teenage
years.
What to do in this adolescent phase when
during the more than two and a half million
years earlier in existence evolution of hom
o sapiens , in which the absence of these
two phases in the experience of the
people, the lives Playback utivas and
labor began m If the eleven years old, and
suddenly, in the last sixty years is broken
this cycle and to prohibit to work, marry,
reproduce and to be autonomizarem , encir
cling if extreme care those who once were
able to take on all the commitments of the
social life and economical
at this stage- age ?
The arguments "scientific" against labor
Infantry useful and against teen pregnancy
become ineffective before the two and
a half million years of experience
emancipates Cioni sta of the
now called unprepared and lacking
new teens to take their lives now
considered early, even before the
biological reality of its evident
and the real active ,
effective and awakened reproductive
capacity from the early age of .
The other question was: what to do
between adolescence, youth , and the
official beginning of the new adult phase?
Without effective responses to this creates
a void where the young and adolescent
sees m fit s and power l mind
capable es of to take on n the adult
world , but , social norms and
legal the s prevent them from doing
so , only to comply with the whims of
the social and legal statutes convenient to
the industrialized and developed world.
This period of idleness of adolescents and
young people n the sub
countries developed ( and also within the
underdeveloped ghettos, within developed
countries ) can not be filled with work
activities, to be in vetad the and sealed and
can not be p refilled by activities
escolare s a lack of investments and
financi social ning for this idleness.
The result is : criminality, vagrancy, waste,
gangsterism, follower fads , culture
of “typical” youth rebellion , culture
of contestation, revolution , typical of idle
 youth, full of pretensions
and unmet demand .
“  The only real demand  of teenagers
and young people  is recognition
as  an  adult.  ”
Thus, the adolescent became the target
of having
their natural attitudes continuously consider
ed criminalized , criminal,
infractions, misdemeanors, grievances ,
violations and potentially being in
permanent conflict with the law.
If us acts before they have always been
considered natural are now banned and
censored, though admitted to their capacity
to exercise them.
Being adolescent and became almost an
attempt permanently to the customs
and the their
acts freq u entemente considered anti-
social.
"  It is the contradiction and conflict
created between capacity and the
condition  adolescent  to exercise  s  its
potential against prohibition  s  and
read  mitações imposed for the full
exercise of their capabilities.  ”
Chapter I
1 - Rite of Passage
1.1 - Physical transformations (hormonal
metamorphosis)
As if u m zombie teen is seen , a time to
be a ra another , possessed by a strange
new physical form , their volumes
are beginning to appear
so daunting, indiscreet and inconvenient,
as if another creature was invaded
and dominated their body.
 It is the hormonal explosion, which even
before he realizes explodes its forms,
desires, phys structure ica and
psychological
for the dimension desconhecid to ,
tirânic to , without warning or preparation.
Usually begins to experience
uncomfortable sensations arise internal
and aesthetic changes, announcing that a
new and final phase is going
on alien m being at will, and that everyone
notices: hair, volumes , curves, changes in
voice and social behavior.
1.2 - Emotional transformations (from
solipsism to the search for the other)
The most important socio-environmental
transformations occur in family
groups, schools and in some locus external
to the family , in this order of
intensity , when the adolescent has to
abandon his/her internal family view of the
world to compulsorily open up to new
expectations in the extra - world. family that
are imposed by al collective teridade.
So , being forced to admit that
there is more the center of everything (the
world) , and that the world still do not
are ava prepa rado for
its spectacular rd i to , and that the world is
not prepared to recognize his immense ,
incalculable and insubst ituível importance
to him, then begin crises: identity crisis,
maturity crisis, affective capacity crisis,
decision-making crisis, autonomy crisis,
crisis of power, sexual crisis, emotional
crisis, finally he has to accept sharing your
world with others not as important as it.
The s their first l a s guinea pigs of this new
experience of otherness are your relatives
and loved ones which will act as
a laboratory s and test s new pap i s,
 new constructs , reinforcements and
retifi cations, not without friction, conflict
and many acts rebels, contestators,
reformists and revolutionaries. He does not
admit that he is trying to reinvent the
wheel, he believes he is opening up a
world of emotions and new discoveries for
human society!
Everything is rupture! It is the Rite of
Passage. New flavors previously avoided
on the palate, several novelties: the first
kiss, the first date, the first dance, the
first girlfriend ( o), the first love, the
first solo flight , the first tease, it's too
shocking for such a period I enjoy.
1.3 - Intellectual transformations (discoveries,
rebellion)
They get around the findings heterodox
mixtures of bold scientific concepts, most
of them esdrúxulos and impractical, but in
the midst of such boldness can m arise
conce extremely bold and unprecedented
icts that really deserve a
look pel Science. Take part in this moment
of breaking paradigms experience all
without the precautions own maturity and
without the barrier of experience prejudice,
without brake s fear of exposure or of
committing major errors. Everything can
and should be allowed.
“Adolescence is  the stage of the
superman (superwoman) who doesn't
get hurt, doesn't get sick, doesn't get
old, doesn't have fear, doesn't get
intimidated and doesn't have or impose
limits.  ”
2 – All love is invented (sentimental
education)       
Social culture imposes to dominate the
senses and emotions. The word dreaded
for this phase is called self
- control and to its parent : the
word more forbidden is " limits " .
As is very difficult to navigate in otherness
and ntão the loving sentimental world
becomes a dangerous game , because
that to exercise s control s on the
will and on the feeling d the other one has
to negotiate this process using tactics that
will d ince seduction domination, through
the influence and the simple exchange of
concessions and even reach the limits
d submission , coercion and duress . It all
depends on the prize to be achieved , the
investment costs and the expectations of
the usefulness of the advantages
obtained from each side.
To win the other is Precious so seize and
learn to practice a code of conduct that
generates lly attaches to the
game d and interests where the interest of
the other must be greater
than the " s I " p a ra to play the game
seduction , otherwise the game will hang to
the side that is disadvantageously gem and
who is more interested starts the game in
strategic disadvantage given
that should are air willing to compromise
and to make concessions to
get advantages n to its acceptance pel the
other.
In this game you try to hide your trump
cards between them and hide the true
interest in the other , but enough not to
seem like total disinterest .
Every feeling about the
other and every image we make of the
other is the result of our expectations, in
the case of adolescents , the group's
assessment can be decisive in their
acceptance or in their choices.
 The desire for social approval is now an
important part of this phase of otherness,
and confronting and being excluded from
social groups is a more than cruel
punishment for an adolescent within the
social hierarchy.
Thus, the concepts and social
values of teen s, all are social benchmarks:
aesthetics, intelligence, wealth, the most
diverse skills, sports skills, physical
strength, brands of clothing and
accessories, style of dress,
slang, vocabulary , hairstyles, makeup,
gestures , types of movies, heroes and
superheroes, sports, leisure, cell phone, i-
phone, smart-phones, lap top, school,
vacation, haircuts, finally the arenas of
disputes and representation power never
runs out, and so are the relays
between virtual and real winners.
2.1 - The value and role of friendships
It is time to leave the comfort of family and
even antagonize her to join the new tribe of
the same, breaking the last umbilical link
with its origins and getting rid of the last
emotional dependencies and at least
maintaining the necessary aria material
dependence family in temporary
suspension, with some discretion and
diplomacy.
The group social extracted support,
rectification and ratification of the
attitudes shown nte s , the competition, the 
solidarity, the learning, the discipline
to s standards unwritten and unspoken
behavior and social ethics, is the
group that thoughts are aligned , theories
are compared, and if streamlines m the
Socialist procedures ions.
In the group , the heavy hierarchy imposes
a discipline discreet and Anarchy u ica,
 where the leader is recognized and have to
defend their lead day-to-day, have to prove
all its qualities, courage, strength,
intelligence, aggressiveness and be
magnanimous with his followers at all
times .
The group leader knows how to keep
secrets, has charisma and knows how to
make decisions , otherwise he is replaced
immediately. So many leaders can emerge
from one moment to another, as many as
the possibilities of leadership according to
the demands of circumstances and
moments , on the beach, in sports, at
school, in church, on the street, in the
neighborhood, in each place a diverse
need arises for occasional and timely
leadership .
A leader feels the scent of weakness
and opportunity and boldly and without
seeming greedy, opportunistic, pedantic or
authoritarian takes control at the right time
and achieves cohesion and consensus as
he manages to hit the convergence point of
trends in your group. This feel ing has to
tune and tune in with the psychological
knowledge that you can get about each
weakness of each member of your group, a
leader is always a great handler of
emotions and feelings.
2.2 - The value and role of feelings (love,
friendship , passion)
We will never know enough about love,
passion and the strength of friendship.
Over the cultures of the civilizations that
have passed many brands and styles of
emotional behaviors fi n fell here and
there their influences on Guys them
and are the influences spread and
amalgamated forging diverse and yet
unique versions of each subculture
establishing the patterns of social behavior
and unwritten rules of communal attitude.
This strange desire to be possessed by
al Guem be desired and the other
in and special opens a set of interests and
control very well explained by the theory of
Talcum Action t t Parsons.
Adolescents do not always have
the necessary and sufficient maturity to
stay in this game when circumstances do
not look promising. It is a game of
expectations where one thinks the other
thinks the he's thinking and so the strategic
decisions of the game depends on the
competition of decisions taken by the
other or of what the other thinks that will be
taken by itself . The outcome of what one
decides will depend on what the
other will decide, and in a game of
incomplete information, each side's
expectations depend on the signals
perceived by the other player.
Of these signals is part of inco body
language nsciente, another part is to
confuse the other with words and deeds
conscious and premeditated to make the
other act in accordance
with s wo expectations.
Another part of the signals is part of the
culture, the psychological assets and
conv social enções and group ethnic and is
required to follow the rit uai social s ,
lead of s always by an
approaching behavior of model s inside of
expectations for sometimes we
call stereotypes, or limit, the prejudices .
A prejudice is merely a set of expectations
of responses to stimuli s social based on
apparently superficial references and do
not necessarily belong to a standard
defined set s socially accepted openly and
deliberately , is m these
expectations implied and subliminal, but
possess a power extraordinary explanation
and guidance of social behavior, so it
should never be ignored, accepted perhaps
correct, almost never, but they end up
confirming devid the the s social pressures
that tend to be self - conduct and
self - confirmed ; about are the prophecies
and expectations socio-group and on
which befall punishment and /
or rewards as these predictions
are self place in the behavioral field ,
Comp walk tacitly the groups to repeat the
c omportamentos dictated by this reótipos.
Love unrequited is like a promissory note
outstanding is it a feeling robbed by
someone who has received a credit and
did not serve their quota must of
appointm it to repay as much
interest , attention, devotion and donation.
Retribution becomes mandatory in the
same way as one acts with a gift
received. It is an offer that creates an
obligation to reciprocate. So , that m gives
love receives a credit, and the object
am ado is the debtor credit donor
expectations.
Not all credits are liquidated, not all bonds
are backed, and so is the love
market. Knowing the price of bonds
requires skill and knowledge of their market
value.
The var iáveis , time and demand , have
strong determination on the
values of loving market. Knowing how to
reposition your qualities and knowing the
right time to make offers is a determining
factor for success in this field as well.
With the in the bond market negotiations
d evem be discrete, and successes should
 be celebrated sparingly, only the new rich
are reckless enough to exhibit outward
signs of success, of prosperity and wealth,
so the old rich tend to be discreet as their
wealth , the s rich avoid attracting
the glances of envious and d the other's
happiness hunters : the same
applies to the love market.
2.3 - Reality and the subjective
(phenomenology)
As Plato would say , reality is
how we know it in our
particular , unique subjectivity , so there is
a reality for each person, this is the basis of
Phenomenology.
As it will never be possible to know how
each human being sees the same shade of
blue, the perception of reality is much more
complex, as the philosopher Emmanuel
Kant would say, the perception of reality is
a transcendental
and untranslatable phenomenon .
Thus, the other individual's perception of
us is not the one that corresponds to our
expectations of that perception we think the
other person has or should have about
us. We will never know what the other or
others value about everything we are or do.
This phenomenon started by Plato 2.5
thousand years ago, and developed by
recent philosophers such as Emmanuel
Kant, Husserl, Schopenhauer , Brentano in
modern Phenomenology
explains to us that the world and its reality
is the result of our reconstruction and our
lived experience.
The world as it appears to the human eye
is constantly reinterpreted according to
impressions that fit expectations and
subjective sensory perceptions within the
concreteness established by the lived,
intuitive, sensory experience and the
memory of facts.
Everything that presents itself to
perception occurs as an intentional
purposeful emotional object. The objective
of the perception of facts is to reach the
intention of the essences of attitudes,
decisions and behaviors. It seeks to
interpret the world through the
consciousness of a particular subject,
according to their past experiences . 
He believes in instantly capturing
phenomena in a sensitive, emotional
and ensorial way, he considers that all
consciousness is "awareness of some
substance from our catalog of sensations ",
but consciousness is not considered a
substance, but formed by acts of
perception, imagination, passion, emotions
and other internal acts of beings.
It is based on the search for the
motivational essence of a given
phenomenon through the sensory
reduction process; all things are
characterized by being unfinished in a
constant process of modification. The
human being in his consciousness of
reality develops a method of observation of
facts, cient i cally, regarding the description
and classification of events in search of the
previous recognition to understand and
classify the new facts, which always fall
under any expe the one lived prior to the
memory of the present facts, performing
an anamnesis (recollection) to recognize
and clarify the phenomenon under
observation that considers the vision of a
particular spectator subject.
Plato solves this problem with his Theory of
Id will the . What is permanent in an object
is the id ei a about the object ; more
precisely, the participation of this
object of your Id will the correspondent.
And this object is not an Id ei a, but an
incomplete subjective, personal and
sensitive representation of that concrete
object .
In the example of the tree, what makes it
be itself and a tree (and not something
else), despite its difference from what it
was when younger in other stages of its
growth and metamorphosis
since its molting stage or of seed
and different from other trees of other
species (and even from trees of the same
species) is its participation
in the unmistakable Id ei the Tree; and
its s change s and varieties should m -If to
being a pale representation of Id will the
general and generic to be without a pre
tree species - (Think about how you
would describe a tree to a man born blind).
Plato also elaborated
a gnosiological theory , that is, a theory
that explains how things can be known, or
even a theory of knowledge.
According to him, when seeing an object
over and over again, a person gradually
remembers the generic Id ei of that object
that he saw in the world of Id ei as. To
explain how this happens, Plato uses
au m myth (or the one metaphor )
according to which, before birth, the soul of
each person living in a star, where are
located the Id will the. When a person is
born, their soul is " thrown " to Earth, and
the impact that occurs makes them forget
what they saw in the star. But when he saw
an object appear di ferent ways (such as
different species of trees that you can see),
the soul remembers the Id will generic that
object that was seen in the star. Such a
memory, in Plato, is called anamnesis .
 
 
 
the reminiscence
One of the conditions for inquiry or
i ESEARCH about Id hey the is that we are
not in a state of complete ignorance about
them. Otherwise, we would have neither
the desire nor the power to seek them out.
In view of this, it is a necessary condition,
for such an investigation, that we have in
our soul some kind of knowledge or
memory of our contact with the
Id heies (this contact occurred before our
own birth) and that we remember the
Id hei as seeing them reproduced palely in
things.
In this way, all of Platonic science is
a reminiscence.
The investigation of the Id ei as supposes
that the souls preexisted in a divine region
where they contemplated the Id ei as. We
can take as an example the Myth of the
Winged Pair, located
in Plato's Phaedrus dialogue . In this
dialogue, Plato compares the human race
to winged cars. All that we do good, gives
strength to our wings. Everything we do
wrong, takes strength from our wings. Over
time we did so many things wrong that our
wings lost strength and, without them to
sustain us, we fell into the Sensitive World,
where we live until today. From this
moment on, we were condemned to see
only the shadows of the World of Id ei as.
So the worldview is that everything we
can know about the world comes down to
these phenomena, these ideal objects that
exist in the mind, each designated by a
word that represents its essence, its
"meaning." The objects of life are concrete
data apprehended in pure intuition, with
the purpose of discovering essential
structures of the acts (noesis) and the
objective entities that correspond to them
(noema).
For us everything that is informed by the
senses is changed into an experience of
consciousness, into an event that consists
of being aware of something. Things,
images, fantasies, acts, relationships,
thoughts, events, memories, feelings,
etc. they constitute our experiences of
consciousness.
For us , the s study s of our experiences,
our states of consciousness, the ideal
objects of this event is to be aware of
something form our reality recognition
encyclopedia; we shouldn't worry about
whether or not it corresponds to objects in
the world outside our mind.
The interest for the perceptual
consciousness is not the world that exists,
but the way in which knowledge of the
world is realized for it. The reduction of
lived and observed facts requires
suspending attitudes, epoché , beliefs,
theories, and suspending knowledge of
things in the external world in order to
concentrate exclusively on the experience
in focus, because this is the reality for it.
Noesis is the act of perceiving and Noema
is the object of perception – these are the
two poles of experience. The thing as a
fact of consciousness (noema) is the thing
that matters, and refers to the call to
"things in themselves." "Reduction of
sensible experience" therefore means
restricting knowledge to the state of
experience of consciousness, disregarding
the real world, putting it "in parentheses",
which is not to say that one should doubt
the existence of the world like the radical
idealists skeptics and positivists doubt, but
worry about knowledge of the world in the
way it takes place in the perspective of the
phenomenon and in the worldview
that one has.
Experience ( Erlebnis ) is every mental
act ; it has to encompass the objects of the
experiences, because the experiences are
intentional and in them the reference to a
previously experienced memory fact is
essential.
Consciousness is characterized by
intentionality, because it is always the
awareness of something familiar. This
intentionality is the essence of
consciousness that is represented by
meaning, the name by which
consciousness refers to each fact.
In "Psychology from a point of view of
experience" - 1874 - Franz Brentano
states: "We can thus define the events of
the mind by saying that they are those
which, precisely because they are
intentional, contain in themselves a fact".
This is equivalent to claiming, like Husserl,
that mental events are independent of the
existence of their exact replica in
the real world because they contain the
event itself. The description of mental acts
thus involves the description of their
meanings, but only as experiences and
without assuming or asserting their
existence in the concrete world. The event
need not actually exist. It was a use in
November the term "intentionality" that
used to be applied only to the element of
the will of exi s tance of concrete fact.
What matters is not the thing exists or not
or how it exists in the world, but the way in
which knowledge of the world happens as
intuition , the act by which it immediately
grasps the knowledge of something you
face - which is also a primordially given act
upon which all else is to be founded in
terms of a return to
intuition, Anschauung , is the perception
of essence. Furthermore, the emphasis on
intuition needs to be understood as a
refutation of any merely speculative
approach to philosophy.
His approach is "concrete", dealing with the
way to see the various types of
consciousness does not restrict their data
to fai x sensitive experiments because
admits m non - sensitive data (categorical)
as the relations of value, since it is
intuitively present ( analytical categories).
The function of words is not to name
everything we see or hear, but to highlight
the recurring patterns in
your lived experience . Identifies the data
of current directions as the same group as
others that have
already been registered s before.
A word does not describe a single
experience, but a group or type of
experience; the word "table" describes all
the various sense data which one normally
consults as to the appearances or
sensations of "table" (three-legged, four-
legged, six-legged, wood, iron, stone, high
table , low table) . So
all that that it thinks r either er , love r or
fears r is intentional, ie, it refers to one of
those universal (which are meanings and
as such, are events and facts of
consciousness). And in turn, the set of
events, the set of meanings, has
a greater meaning that encompasses all
the others, which is what the word
"Universal" means.
John Locke
The greatest of empiricist philosophers
sought in his Essay Concerning Human
Understanding (1690) to demonstrate that
all id and i as are records of sensible
impressions (or are derived from
combinations, from associations between
these id and i as of sensible origin), and
criticized the thought Disposal s (1596-
1650) that there would be some
id will those be innate - that man would
have in mind at birth - such as, for
example, the id will to
perfection. According to John Locke ,
something is sent by objects and is
captured by our senses and give cause to
the formation of id will the. This thought is
the basis of the corpuscular theory of light.
David Hume
More forceful although his predecessor
Locke, denied the value of logical
reasoning and reported that the cause and
effect relationship is not enough as true as
anything found between cause and only
effect that an accident that customarily
follows
to the other accident both conc attenuated
by the time interval between the events
without any other intervention between
these two (events) moments . We are used
to calling the first accident a cause  only
because it always happens before the
second one that we call an effect  ( spatial-
temporal relation).
Immanuel Kant
According to the philosophy of knowledge
(Critical) of Immanuel Kan t (1724-1804),
we can not know the things entirely,
because not all the signals we get from
things are accepted by the mind, and it
follows that we can not fully know the
real . We know of the real only what the
mind can assimilate, and what he called
phenomenon; what remains unknowable to
us he called the noumeno.
Then Kant took a series of concepts that
Aristotle had listed to like what we say
things, and turned it into a number of
categories (Analit ica , or categorical
imperatives ) that are d we can know of
things. For Kant the real, concrete datum
has validity, but never absolute or apodictic
validity. Husserl equally doubts the
scientific knowledge of facts and, for him,
what should be sought is the scientific
knowledge of essences (impressions) .
In view of the fact that the impression
caused by the objects and
facts is represented in your mind, they
correspond to your own reality (or possible
version of subjective reality) , no
matter what the external situation, and
because this construction differs from the
common pattern of objects ideal with
respect to the same stimuli of the senses
perceived need -If find meaning in the ideal
world objects in order to deal with your
situation mentally.
Thus, according to the poet Cazuza, who is
right when he says that “all love is
invented”, all love only exists in the heart of
the one who loves, all beauty found in the
other who is the object of our affection only
exists for their eyes. Every feeling, looks r,
observation, evaluation re always fall in the
areas of subjective
perspectives s expectations d
within that context of observation,
d that discovery context ed that justification
context of passionate individual. The things
of passion only exist in the universe of the
lover.
Sometimes it may seem that love is in the
other and that we depend and need the
other to love him . Love needs to be and be
 discovered within us, what we feel for the
other is just a representation of this love
invented and projected onto the other. The
other is not so perfect, so important, so
necessary, we just hope and wish
it were so, so we put on the other
all the responsibility brought from our
expectations of happiness , which only
exist in our imagination and desire to see
concretizad the the other .
When these expectations have been
frustrated a huge disappointment takes
care of us, then all the rage and fury of the
world is channeled m against the person
who was so able to hurt us, but deep
down , was an immense virtual monument
created by ourselves just to satisfy our
expectations and desires to see in the
other everything that one day we idealized
to be our company.
The best thing is right now to seek
back lost self-love and transferred
to the other person and regain our dignity,
assume that the other cannot be
responsible for our happiness and learn to
be happy with someone who will never let
us down: ourselves. No one can make us
happy except ourselves, only in
this way, by loving ourselves very first, we
can give a little of that happiness to each
other. And not the other way around.
2.4 - Feeling: slavery - humanization
The feeling of passion is attached to the
universe imagined and re built ideologically
the interests of factors d and its
own for what; many self-explanatory
factors that self-justified and that do not
make sense outside
this sentimental creates ra m an almost
parallel universe to the lived reality
externament and lovers; the most
powerful rational
 resources humans are suspending sos tem
porarily as well as the self-preservation
instinct. In this state, it is convenient to
beware of the thoughts associated with
the most sincere decisions and behaviors
that do not know the reason other than that
of the tormented heart and enslaved by the
desire to see the same desire fulfilled in the
other.
Slavery and madness are not intended
to be argued and dialogue with
reason other than that inside the
sentimental universe because it does not
lead to the single output port that is the
concreteness of desires, whatever the
cost. Now lost all caution, no
matter ing over the price to pay but find
a way to get rid of this ang ú Stia of
abstinence denied affection, and did not
dare prevent the outcome of this goal self-
referenced, solipsistic, where only Inner
torment sees no way out other than the
one through which one entered the
labyrinth of awakened desire in whatever
way it was, and which at this stage has no
further relation to the beginning
of everything.
3 – Affiliation to social groups (multi-
affiliation)       
The s participation s the most different s
social and societal groups are part of social
learning and will allow adapt to social
norms, fulfilling the painful and difficult
stage of adequacy and enq uadramento in
the social hierarchy.
Part of this process of social
inclusion is determined by the
origins socioeconomic guy who had no
choice in this determination , the
implications are inherent to their social and
ethnic class conditions of orig in , as their
family income, their ethnicity, their seniority
in neighborhood where you live, the
professions and socio-economic activities
of your parents or providers, the type and
pattern of residence, and so on, are the
conditions for departures or the burdens to
be incorporated in the requirements
for your insertions in the most
different groups available, also
the mandatory institutions and also n those
institutions played for entry to ensure
pre s social tígio.
Thus, his loyalty to the most different
groups and institutions, not always free
from contradictions and betrayals, will have
to be faced professionally for the first time,
leaving behind his childhood when it was
convenient to manipulate his parents and
siblings in a previously agreed game.
Each group or social institution will charge
its equity share so many institutions and
groups you belong to and will charge the
membership status of both your favorite
football club, as his group at school, about
the favorite sports, qu anto their hobbies,
regarding their gender group, as your
neighborhood or street, as your state or
home province, about their country,
as the s your food preferences (age,
education, income, political and ideological
choice) and so many others that create a
great deal of rivalries, confrontations,
conflicts and disputes .
To belong to a social group, the individual
must have coherence and primary loyalties
to this group and follow its statutes, written
or customary. Happens q ue the same
individual should loyalty, by this principle,
the different groups and classes to which it
belongs or freq u enta simultaneously:
should loyalty to his football club, his
family, their ethnicity, their culture or
subculture, to your religious belief, your
 gender sexuality, your profession, your
level of education, your nationality, your
birthplace, your friendships, your ideology,
your political party, in short, in short, the
status to which does it justice.
How would it be possible for the
same individual to pay so many loyalties to
each of these groups and classes to which
he belongs simultaneously without coming
into conflict with himself and with these
groups and classes? How to avoid so
much contradiction?
This happens all the time.
3.1 - School social group (nerds, ugly, rich,
athletes, marginals, elites, ethnocentrisms,
sexisms, veterans)
Thus, the cultural propensity that reflects
the vestiges of primitive man that still
resists in modern man inherited from his
neolithic ancestors, stimulating the atavistic
behavior of competition and the agonistic
tendency survives in the form of intra-group
disputes and is still perpetuated today
inexplicably dressed as sports
competition,   religious, military,
geopolitical disputes , personal and
gender rivalries , and the secular vanity of
so-called modern human beings.
The id will the associated competition
Darwinian brings us indirectly, and
suggestive to the concept of evolution.
We see very commonly the concept of
evolution of species in nature associated
fo ideological and teleological rm the
concept of competition within the
id will those of Charles Darwin.
Evolution and competition are autonomous
and dissociable concepts, as we want to
demonstrate.
The human species remains dominant in
nature despite intra and
interspecific competition because humans
have learned to cooperate with each
other. This is what Durkheim
conceptualizes mechanical solidarity and
organic solidarity.
It was human social organization based on
cooperation that built and constituted the
structure of society and eliminated the risk
to the threat-free survival of the human
species.
But it wasn't always like this. There was a
remote time when, like any animal or plant
species, humans had to fight fatal battles to
ensure their survival, this process of
agonistic selection is associated with
Darwin's concept of natural selection by
competition for survival.
The id will the center of Darwin, with the
necessary bows, tells us about the
enormous pressure that individuals of the
species are subjected in their struggles for
the reproduction of the fittest to survive in a
given circumstance due to environmental
pressures.
What Charles does not ask is because
environmental pressures to better select
the term evolution of species
suggests teleologicamen you a steady
improvement. Another thing that Charles's
theory does not question, among others, is
the time it takes a certain genetic change
to establish an advantage that converts
into survival, in time to guarantee the
survival of the species, which should not be
too long to the point of impair survival, and
tolerance to errors made during genetic
testing of random phenotypic mutability, as
required by the constructs of evolutionary
theory.
What happens with the cohabitation phase
of the two specific variants in the transition
phase: how to prevent species from
crossing one another by nullifying the effect
of the divergence of phenotypic plasticity
and neo - mutability?
The environment is the tyrant that shapes
and prescribes the final shape of the
winning species. This implies saying that
environmental changes determine the
disappearance or survival of species at
their own pleasure, at their whim, as if they
were the engineer of the universe.
This process of Darwinian natural selection
of species stagnated in the face of human
capacity to adapt the environment and
change it, and not the other way around, as
had been happening.
Darwin to specialize in the study of species
of I h at Galapagos no longer considered a
major strateg ies adaptability to the harsh
environment of the species, which is the
migration mechanism.
Isolated on the island, this capacity is very
limited, but nothing prevents a random
phenomenon of accidental migration from
changing the populations of the island , for
example, the furtive migration of a group of
animals sailing at random in a floating
environment of fortune, such as a piece of
tree away from the place of origin.
So the development of human abilities to
deal with the environment
broke expectations of complete hegemony
of the tyranny of survival based on the
passivity with which populations
succumbed to environmental
adversities. Humans learned to create a
microclimate by discovering fire, by
mitigating the hardships of severe weather
seasons . But also, and mainly, they
migrated.
Not all competition leads to evolution. Not
all evolution is born out of competition.
We would be doing an infinite regress
when considering hypotheses that more
advanced species stopped surviving
by succumbing to the hostile
environment. But it's a plausible, if
unproven, hypothesis.
The natural selection process does not
necessarily select the best species, but
only help those that would best survive the
hostile climate of competition, and in a
competition the best does not always win,
other factors must be considered, such as
ease and speed of reproduction, ability of
social coexistence, number of individuals
and ability to face enemies.
As can be seen, a superior intelligence or
superior social organization could
circumvent these obstacles placing itself
strategically above other species. But what
chance would have m the human race
against the giant dinosaurs, and against
deadly viruses such as HIV, for example,
n those cretacianos times?
In fact, the Darwinian evolution thesis is a
fable full of gaps and conjectures that are
difficult to be reconciled by statistics,
because of the possibilities of alternatives
that arise before the pure consideration of
the possibility brought by random genetic
mutability to guarantee the survival of
species to mutations. of the environment.
The competition between species takes
place in different battlefields and scenarios:
at sea, in lakes, on land, by air, at
the microscopic level and at the
organizational level between the social
structures of the species, in knowledge of
the terrain, in the ability to spatial
orientation, organizational culture, the
ability to hunt, migrate, find food, predict
disasters, resistance, the arsenal of
weapons such as poison, horns, armored
carcass, stealth, speed, agility, brute
strength, size, camouflage, claws, fangs,
odors and finally, in the intelligent strategy
of beings superior in intelligence.
Aggressive encounters between
animals. agonistic
It is derived from a Greek word meaning to
fight. It is used for any type of
behavior that involves fighting or conflict
between two animals, usually of the
same species. Agonistic behaviors include
threat (sounds, posture, or
even a subtle facial expression such as
staring), offensive aggression
(such as chasing or biting), and defensive
behavior (including aggression,
flight, submissive cues, threat and
bite). The term is used in both predatory
and antipredatory behaviors , and
intraspecific as well as interspecific
conflicts, although it is generally used in
intraspecific cases.
The encounter of species does not always
result in a fight. There is usually a fight
when one species feeds on another
species, or there is a dispute over some
limiting factor. A limiting factor is among all
factors related to the survival of the
species, one that is present in insufficient
quantities to meet the demands and needs
of all members of the group , or that the
best factors are distributed in quantities
and scarcely available, causing dispute for
the privilege to its access and usufruct.
Competition necessarily results in winners
and consequently in losers, which does
not exclude new and repeated encounters
in the battle scenario.
For this reason, it is called agonistic,
because it is necessary for the solution of
the unresolved conflict. What would
happen with the removal of the losing
species or its disappearance through
extinction.
After this stage in the consolidation of the
human species, the competition for survival
should have disappeared from our
society. However, competition remains
atavistic as a mark of strength and
encouragement to remember the phase of
the historical evolutionary process.
Human society no longer needs to
reproduce agonistic behavior. This model
has been surpassed by superior human
intelligence that aborted the natural
selection process in our species by
dominating the environment, modifying it,
and taming the weather to the point
where we can survive in outer space, or on
the sea floor inside ships and submersibles
that overcome the elements and deadly
traps of the environment.
What are modern competitions for: to show
or select the most suitable specimens for
the survival of the species?
As much as one wants to catalog the most
different confrontations between the most
diverse possible groups that can be
identified as rivals, we will always have to
ask why even this atavistic behavior leads
us to such archaic conflicts; and with what
social objective “good” competition is
encouraged and at the same time “bad”
competition is punished between artificially
formed groups of nerds, ugly, rich, athletes,
marginals, elites, ethnocentrics, sexist,
 veterans, religious , regional, national,
sportsmen?
The competition itself is an id will the
stillborn. It is the largest of all social
violence only surpassed in ability to
produce psychological damage by
contemptuous behavior and their
conseq u ences that production zem
alienation (isolation, discrimination) and
sectarianism that threaten the socio-
political nature of the modern human being.
3.2 - Residential social group (neighbourhood)
It forms the main basis for building identity,
according to some contemporary
economists, it is integration and
communities that attribute and extract the
most important values and social capital for
the formation of society and the individual.
A homogeneous community, old and
setting right is a complete reference
that provides the soli dariedade organic
and increases social synergy helping to
enhance the attributes of families through a
series of social and economic
benefits. According to Robert Putnam civic
participation is the willingness of citizens to
seek rem good common not at the expense
of individual petty and purely . One of the
requirements for this is from the political
equality: the citizen 's act as equals, not as
patrons and customers or as rulers and
claimants , thus encourage behavior
Solid ariedade, Trust and Tolerance as
conseq u ence in this community citizens
they are made to be helpful, respectful and
trusting of one another.
Because it manages to solve the main
dilemma of collective action: desertion.
Your corn is ripe today ; mine will be
tomorrow. It's to both of us that I help you
harvest it today and that you help me
tomorrow. I have no friendship for you and
I know you are not for me either. Therefore,
I will make no effort in your behalf; and I
know that if I help you, expecting some
retribution, I will certainly be disappointed,
for I cannot count on your gratitude. So, I
stop helping you; and you pay me in
kind. Seasons change; and we both lost
our crops for lack of mutual trust. (David
Hume. Treatise on Human Nature, book III,
part II, section V) .
Two accomplices are held incommunicado,
and each is told that if he betrays his
partner he will gain freedom, but if he
keeps silent, and the other confesses, he
will receive an especially severe
punishment. If both kept silent, they would
be lightly punished, but since it is
impossible to combine their versions, each
is better at reporting, regardless of what
the other does. (Prisoner's Dilemma -
Game Theory)
The Rational Choice Theory is not the most
appropriate for solving these collective
action problems.
Once admitted that the individual will only
be willing to cooperate if he manages to
maximize his private interest, then it is to
be expected that each of those involved in
cooperation will see defection as the most
rational behavior.
The “ free-rider ” phenomenon (deserter,
opportunist, free rider ) inhibits voluntary
cooperation. The result is the loss of the
harvest, the stalemate in the government,
an increase in the taxi fare or the interest
rate on the overdraft.
Note m herself, in the example of Hume
and the Prisoner's Dilemma, that trust
(Putnam calls social capital) is essential for
common action.
Putnam's research is against the
Hobbesian paradigm of the “third who
coerces ” because for the English
philosopher, what would make men
cooperate with each other was the
coercion of a superior power.
"... The desire to get out of that miserable
condition of war which is the
conseq u needed ence of the natural
passions of men when there is a power
v isível able to keep on in awe, forcing
them, for fear of punishment, to the
fulfillment of its covenants and respect for
those laws of nature...”.
The laws of nature (such as justice,
eq u age, modesty, piety) for themselves in
the absence of have or of any power that
can lead them to be respected, our natural
passions are contrary (.. .) . And pacts
without the sword are just words, without
the strength to give anyone the slightest
security. So even though the laws of
nature, if not estab lished a power great
enough to to our security, each trust, and
may legitimately rely only on their own
strength and ability to protect against all
others . (HOBBES, Thomas. Leviathan.
2nd part, ch. XVII.).
Putnam aligns with the republican tradition,
which goes back to Plato and through
Machiavelli, attributing to community
civicism a role both mobilizing and creating
a common frame of reference about reality.
It does not rely exclusively on the
legal- formalist discourse , nor does it give
exaggerated importance to the
organizational architecture of political
power (state apparatus).
Freedom guaranteed by law ( freedom –
passive – negative) does not guarantee the
participation of citizens in public
 affairs; because citizenship as “entitlement
of rights” defines the individual as a
personality capable of enjoying goods and
services, but not as a personality suitable
for self-government.
The ability of individuals to participate in
social, communal and political decision-
making is created by mechanisms of
“social training” (R. Dahl).
3.3 - Religious social group
The tradition of church-centered
communities dates back to the phase
before the modern republican era, when
social assistance was provided exclusively
by the church, only ceasing to assist the
needy when, after the state reforms
promoted by Kaiser Wilhelm I of
Germany in 1878, it was withdrawn from
the The Church and the State were
awarded the entire welfare system, which
began to meet the mandatory tax
contribution of all citizens for the State to
provide for widows, orphans, the
elderly , the disabled and those unable to
work.
Bismarck, Prime Minister of William I,
instituted a social security system - the first
in contemporary history - which attracted
him the support of broad sectors of the
workers.  
Until then, the churches had an aggregator
social role and guiding s social relations,
serving cart ORPORA for civil records,
deeds, marriages , and their secular
functions to take care of souls and hopes
of des deceive the.
Around the Churches, the proto-society
was materialized in the US of the colonists,
it was because of the persecution of
Protestants in Germany and the United
Kingdom that immigrants formed American
 society, having been
the fundamental political nucleus of the
social and political institutions of the North
America.
3.4 - Family social group
The all-too-obvious role of the family is still
the only basic social nucleus for the
organization that fully assumes the
livelihood and the constitution
and construction of the individual and from
which all other institutions derive rights and
duties in a way that is totally in solidarity
with the obligations
and social expectations , broadly covering
all demands and attributions and from
which all individual actions and projects
originate, arguably, and has not yet been
replaced in its constitutive role of the social
and political structure, formal, material,
in optional, civil, structural, formatter of the
character and receiver of the collective
expectations of the most inclusive and
varied institutions.
From the family come all the premises of
social behavior, all the problems and all the
answers to collective problems concerning
individuals. By omission or by action, the
family defines the basic paths along which
the community walks.
A hierarchy of power in the E stado there is
a distinction between public, state and
private institutions that are this nciais for
the formation of structure and stado
between these lies the family, which
becomes the basic core where the
individual makes a first learning for life and,
mainly, where you can support yourself as
you prepare to assume your own control ,
or autonomy, in the adult world; but for this
institution to work well, someone needs to
provide economic, intellectual and
psychological-affective support, shelter and
food so that all the initiate's time is spent
totally on the apprentice for life, a period
that is very important for society , as
learning is for society before being for the
individual, as Aristotle would say, and
constitutes a long and irreplaceable
investment phase during which there is no
guarantee of return for providers at the end
of this investment, and when this is r , often
the results are promising, do not return to
the provider in the form of
dividend, moreover, this should not be the
expected reward, and most evidence ably,
the provider has a altruism extremely high
which is rooted in culture and tradition this
institution called family without which it
could not fulfill its function and the
members could not meet their pap i s, and,
judging by his long suc ess and longevity
of thousands ( millions ?) of years of
existence, the family certainly has a long
future.
Those who have a high degree of
understanding of this process and family
ideology are more successful in raising
their children; on the other
hand, selfish providers have much greater
difficulties in matching their expectations
regarding family integration,
causing enormous frustration for
themselves and great systemic damage, as
they precipitate the process of entry of
individuals into the labor market before
they have full capacity to be able to offer
their contribution to the system of
asymmetric division of social labor through
a better prepared and more productive
workforce.
To prevent this behavior from being
perpetuated across generations, it is
necessary to break this vicious cycle of
systemic selfishness and this usually
happens in those affluent societies where
individuals who demonstrate difficulties in
maintaining a productive married life, which
requires a huge altruistic willingness to
plan to also share power with your spouse
and invest deeply in the relationship where
the only expected return is the personal
satisfaction of seeing the projects of your
affections carried out.
Any desire for personal gain cer ly will be
the beginning of a crisis that will bring
systemic losses and risks caused by
ruptures of the covenant and the family unit
breaks introduced by the cohesion
and the ideology of the conjugal society
and family nucleated.
If it is true that the family is the Cell
Nucleus leo society then the family is the
basic core of the E stado, then we must
admit that altruism is the basis of the social
system , so after O would be explicitly or
implicitly in this principle of altruism,
despite this there is a great difficulty
to transpose this behavior outside the
family nucleus, the most that can be found
is a cooperation between individuals
mediated by one or another institution
created for this purpose, where people
congregate to obtain advantages that
would be very difficult in an individual or
selfish way.
Says Transition Theory, Thompson (1929)
and No r testein (1945-48)[1] on the
historical evolution of the family, that
technological modernization has affected
labor relations and pap ei social s of family
members and that these changes
have altered the size, structure and family
composition and pap hey traditional s
family boss, s status data by factors of age,
sex and importance of the work in the
home.
 In other words, the theory of transition
factors such as the s 's and family volution
would m linked to the arguments that
medicine has increased longevity and the
decrease in mortality, which would be
compensated or adjusted by birth fall in
about 30 %, together with the decrease in
the average family size, in opposition to the
argument that, following the convergence
theory, families in poor countries would be
converging to the small nucleated
family pattern, adapting it to the
first world family model as opposed to large
traditional third-world families . Thus,
the demographic variable growth or
decrease of the family is dependent on :
i) changes in the family structure,                  
ii) in technology,               
iii) in social and economic progress,             
iv) and not because the woman has
reduced her offspring due to the need to
enter the labor market.             
a) nucleated family;    
b) small offspring;   
c) uniform family model; would these false
assumptions about conseq u ence of ...    
d) decrease in the general population.   
The Convergence Theory says that third
world families are adhering to the
standards that first world families represent
today: minors,
with interchangeable roles unrelated to
sex, age and tradition, with new status-
determining values such as income and
education, rather than the age and tradition
of the paternal or maternal head.
The function and dynamics of the family
have been sustained so far as the locus
where the individual begins the process of
asserting his personality, where he makes
the first contacts with others similar and
where the first elements of socialization
and sociability are signaled. , where the
individual can seek support for their
preservation and survival, social interaction
and support for their social, economic and
intellectual development.
The family you m been demands target for
which it has been forced
into the trend adaptativ to depending on
the answers that are demanded through
modern environment where they are
flagged some noticeable milestones of
change behavioral patterns dictated by the
new needs of individuals family members,
dictated by the new demands of the social
environment that is also constantly and
continuously changing.
Perhaps it is not the family that is primarily
responsible for the functions assigned to it
by the new demands, but the lack of a
new / other institution that does not yet
exist, so these new functions are assigned
to it, demanding a new design and new
dimensions from the family multilateral,
multicultural, more flexible, but these new
roles require new skills from their
members, new participatory forms and a
new formal and informal structure to meet
these new roles.
Perhaps, in the not too distant future, we
will have to live with styles of patterns of
family relationships in network (net work)
where the conventional binary relational
structure represented by the male-female
couple model adds a new variation to the
male-female couple model with new
multiple relational configurations where a
man can relate to several women at
the same time, where a woman can relate
to several men simultaneously, or in
asynchronous moments, and where also
many men can relate to many women at
the same time, or asynchronously, forming
a marital condominium, where the DNA
test is no longer criminal evidence and
becomes a mandatory component for the
regular identification of paternity and origin,
so that the individual can request
consangu u INEA that would give access
to rights derivad the consang this u -
affinity, or for their identification to their
origin and trajectory for access to social
and economic assets guaranteed by
tradition and by the right to shared and
hereditary family patrimony.
It is possible that a new form of private
ownership will be added to the existing
variety, where a group of owners can enjoy
shareable condominium assets, where, for
example, five or six neighbors buy five or
six different types of automobiles and each
of them. onsorts can use them in rotation,
each gaining the advantage of being able
to use the cars as if he were
simultaneously the owner of all of them,
and none in particular, something that
currently only millionaires can do, which is
to have a variety of goods at
their disposal. your disposition. This would
be more assimilable and manageable in a
matrimonial condominium.
It is the formulation of new actors, agents
and pap i corresponding s which will fall all
the discussion about flexibility, versatility
and completeness of such pap i s and
social functions because of new family
demands, or social that impact on family
structure.
What happens is that at the moment, we
are all confused not knowing right limits of
the new duties of pap i s and adeptness es
that are required by member actors of the
modern family, where tradition still was not
completely abolished or transcended
toward of the new design of the family
structure.
The versatility of the old-new pap i s allows
the child role is comparable tilhado the
same time with the parent, in many cases,
and the mother is both the daughter and
grandmother, and this is not surprising
anyone else because they are dictated by
the circumstances, therefore,
arrangements, the most diverse, can
coexist in time and and SPAÇO in the most
diverse situations, fleeing the detailed
standardization by expectations dictated by
tradition with respect to what was seen as
pap i s of members of a family structured
on traditional values of sex, age, kinship
and economic capacity/dependence.
The traditional rules based on the
institution of marriage and the patrilineal or
matrilineal parental hierarchy, together with
the moral rules that regulate sexual
behavior and the relationships between
members of the family group, centered on
marriage, translate a line of hereditary
succession in the division and access to
heritage, encouraging solidarity and
regulating or mediating, as far as possible,
inter-family conflicts.
But, the most distinctive feature of the
family institution is that it combines its
members in a compulsory way, which in no
way guarantees cohesion between its
members who are circumstantially united
or gathered in an involuntary way, except
for the nucleus formed by the couple. The
only ideology au ni them is dictated by the
unspoken rules networking
consang u INEA whose relationship is
deconstructed and reconstructed
in s efforts are continuous are expended s f
or each member to keep up together
around the ideology consang u inea.
For this, it contributes or hinders the long
process of coexistence during which, in this
period, family relationships are
deconstructed and rebuilt in a continuous
process of learning and understanding
among members so that this effort is
rewarded by the solidarity that
each member can extract from this
coexistence.
To reinforce the ethos family society and
laws restrict and reinforce the authority
given to the family, both commissive way in
the form of moral and social incentives in
order to preserve the attribute values of the
pap will be functions of the members and
families, respectively, the behavior allowed
and prohibited, as are incest cases,
homosexuality, abortion, abandonment of
minors, sexual or economic exploitation of
minors, pre-conditions to take certain
pap i s as marriage, motherhood or
fatherhood, number of children, the use of
violence and deprivation as an exercise of
control and authority, or, procreation
outside of marriage or without the support
and assistance of the parents.
The evidence that these rules play a vital
role in the maintenance of the family unit
comes from the finding that achieving the
ideal of family composition is a completely
random phenomenon, hence the
importance of the family structure based on
tolerance and on the ideology of
consangu u since only 6.2% of couples are
able to guarantee effective family planning
in accordance with their precise intentions,
the other 93.8% experience at least one
unplanned event (as, for example,
in planning the birth of children, are almost
always random, unwanted, fortuitous
 events, whether at the time of births, in the
number and gender of children) , which
forces them to accept the change in their
ideally planned family
expectations[2] . This fully proves that
demography does not condition the change
in the modern family structure, on the
contrary, changes in the family structure
determine demographic changes as a
whole.
3.5 - Occasional social group
Among all the groups dissected so far,
there is a small addendum to the small
occasional groups, as, for example, when
boarding an aircraft with the occasional
company of dozens of other anonymous
people, a tacit social pact between those
who will organically and jointly share the
same environment, and without agreeing
with each other, they will share and share
the expenses of maintenance, investments
and the same air inside the aircraft, being
much more dependent on each other with
they could never even imagine, cogitate or
perceive, their behavior even depends on
survival and well-being for the successful
completion of the journey.
Thus, several examples constituted in this
way can be considered in this aspect
where we adhere to the groups formed
without our intervention and temporarily
have to act in full cooperation for a short
period of time.
The only preparation that gives us support
for these occasions is our training and
alternative ob ediência institutional rules
and coercive coatoras are effective only if
obeyed vol u n t ariamente , and this
depends exclusively on social training.
The street is a non-state open
space belonging to public and private
spheres, accessible and ab ert to where
people can renew and expand their social
circle of contacts and reposition
themselves socially. The entry and
withdrawal of members is a constant,
occurring informally and randomly, this
being its main characteristic, offering space
for the construction of preferences and the
reaffirmation, confirmation or denial of the
qualities assumed by the family circle,
where the real evidence of qualities and
defects is verified in this definitive test,
where groups form and disband
according to social convenience, with the
aggregation of poles of multipolarized
leaderships.
Unlike the street, other groups of
institutions value the selection of members
by some criterion of similarity and affinity or
contingencies from the criterion of physical
proximity, such as in a residential or
vacation condominium, or by affinity of
preferences such as in a riding club, where
, unlike the street, there is a formal
structure of power and control of the
members, with a leader chosen
through objective processes, where each
one has to compulsorily give their
contribution so that the institution can
achieve its objectives and meet
expectations of its members, that is, this
group of institutions is organized to
provide compulsory altruism, where its
members, to obtain advantages in this
association, only need to fulfill their
statutory and regimental obligations, so
these institutions enjoy great stability,
relationships thus regulated between
its members tend to be more
duradour the s , the risk is lower
descontinuid ade in function relationships
of expectations being broken into predatory
selfish attitudes function that are exemplary
 discouraged the rules of the rise and
access to Privilege ios are rigidly
established, disputes-down
fashion, stimulate the stage s of changes
of direction to return to normal after them,
unlike in the street, perpetual power
disputes can occur since this procedure is
not subject to formal rules and anyone can
challenge the leader who at all times
expends a lot of effort to stay on top.
4 – The competition (social status)       
The competition for social status has
already been explained in the section on
the social solidarity that is the search
result of 20 years effected by Robert
Putnam that largely exhaust the
possibilities of knowledge about
conseq u ences of the establishment and
construction of collective confidence which
it takes a long time of generations to be
built and solidified and it takes some hours
to be shaken and destroyed. The great
adversaries are migrants and possible
outsiders, social upstarts and invaders.
In a solidified society, disputes over social
status are not considered, since each one
knows, through tradition and through
the socialization of information, their proper
place, with no space for simulations,
emulations and bluffs.
In communities where member turnover
occurs regularly , building social solidarity
has a high cost for
those additional members and zero cost for
migrants and transients, shifters and
adventurers.
So any dispute happens in this scenario of
uncertainty and MMA where conseq
strategies u Social ences fall on the whole
community until it reaches a pont the home
where sedentarizam the inhabitants or
 members of the group for a relatively long
period , enough to accept class conditions
and cease disputes over social positions.
So winners and losers abide by their
due positions in which each one duly
knows his place on the ship, as on the
Titanic, each class knew exactly its place.
4.1 - Physical competition (agonistic, beauty,
deficiencies)
Among all aspects of agonistic
competitions that represent the
competition unspoken tions and whose
origin is lost in
organization s Socialist is primitive are of
culture are pre-written mankind is the
competition promoted d due to physical
beauty .
The concept of beauty is a female
invention, according to the philosopher
Rousseau, when in prehistory the human
female created her to distinguish herself
from other females to catch and attract the
attention of the male of the homo species.
It turns out that the prehistoric male was
nomadic and promiscuous. For the male,
every woman was equal, without
distinction, whatever one served, except
for an eventual illness or old age. 
At that time, the co-relation of cause and
deed between sex, the male and
reproduction had not yet been established
in culture and biology.
It happened that females also promiscuous
and infi i s as males went through three
red s times in their lives when they needed
companion presence they were in the final
moment of pregnancy, childbirth, and
breast-feeding the chicks when they
needed be assisted in childbirth and in the
postpartum phase to fulfill their activities.
So the female needed to invent the family,
and consequently moral love, while the
male only knew physical, sexual, casual
love.
So the female invented beauty, starting to
dress up to attract the male and make him
sedentary, so he would always remember
that female, show that she was different
from other females, beautiful, wearing
adornments, taking care of her hair,
drawing attention to parts of the body and
for his identity which was mainly his
face, thus starting a competition with other
females for the male's attention. 
Females began to check the things that
most attracted males in their bodies to
highlight them, and to hide the parts
considered less attractive, to create
emotional bonds in orals. Thus was
invented the concept of beauty.
What engineering!
The woman invented the family, moral
love, beauty, monogamy, jealousy, to
maintain the exclusivity and fidelity of the
male through affection. 
The woman lived in a privileged situation
in the pre-technological era, when work
meant breaking stones with a
sledgehammer, not as it is now, when
working behind a computer keyboard or in
a truck with automatic transmission and
power steering that even a quadriplegic
can drive.
The woman invented machismo so that the
male didn't even suspect that he was the
slave of work: hunting, killing, doing
everything for the family in exchange for
glory, otherwise, he wouldn't deserve the
title of strong, brave, powerful male.
4.2 - The inverted intellectual
competition (when the best is to be the
worst / expertise in sports, games, arts)
The synesthesia of competition is
separation , and it brings as awareness the
social awareness that m is on the losing
side, mainly, which is the majority side, and
who is on the winning or winning side ,
which is the minority side .
So, the adjective, the only one that exists in
all the languages and dialect of humanity,
refers to the student or the person who
stands out intellectually : the nerd (CDF, in
Brazil) .
Why do you deserve this special nerd
figure?
This heavy stigma that has to carry the
individual who stands out for its
quality s higher intellectual, and suffer
all kinds of bullying and all unimaginable
humiliations. Only the human being not
acceptable rt never be compared and be
accepted and taken as inferior.
It is from the comparison that all social
evils come, according to the philosopher
Rousseau.
The low self-esteem of individuals results
from a self-assessment process in which,
according to Rousseau, the
individual compares himself with other
individuals, but in the opposite sense to
Rousseau, that is, instead of finding
himself top is perceived in their inferior
status, (sometimes denying it tacitly -
superiority complex - Freudian
sublimation ) there, as conseq u ence,
there may be manifestations resulting from
this self-assessment, for example,
aggressive behavior, indifference,
apathy , social marginality , bullying .
In this case, the individual's background
can determine their degree of frustration,
for example, if an individual has descended
from social status, or if he had a good
education, he perceives this change as a
social regression, a defeat, unlike the
individual who who came from an
economically deprived background with
little or no education will not feel the sense
of loss of values as in the previous case.
The school appears as the type of
institution that deserved attention from
Gramsci, classified by him as one of the
most important private apparatus of
hegemony of the capitalist State , together
with the media, because nothing that is
taught there at the school happens without
guidance, supervision, inspection and
ideological driving state, is the ideal place
for the cultivation and training of id will the
so certainly the E stado if mpre if it this
space to make the indoctrination of
citizens-cl i loved-students according to
official ideology.
It is at school that mainly rehearse up new
id will the on own division of labor system,
on the ideology of E stado. Its role as
a center of reflection, is to question about
everything especially about the role and
ideology of its role in / to E stado, and if
this quest for scientific truth happens clash
with the official ideology the school
receives from the state to re press to return
to official parameters.
The hierarchical structure of the school is
extremely centralized and authoritarian,
and the student body is responsible for
complying with the deliberations of the
directors and teachers, where each one
knows perfectly their position and
status, where power is clearly visible, as in
a company. Below the board of directors
 and collegiate career bodies comes the
student body, at the level, or slightly below,
the employees of the bureaucratic body.
4.3 – The economic competition
It is customary to establish a link
between poverty and marginality. What is
known about this relationship anyway?
Poverty, among other possible and
probable causes, can also result from the
intertemporal failure in the asymmetrical
division of social work. This will be the
cause examined now .
Since the beginning of the Renaissance in
the 12th century brought the end of the
feudal mode of production (it was also the
end of the Medieval Age),
then the new asymmetric division of
national and international social work
created an interdependence between
individuals and between countries that
resulted from the expertise and the
availability of production factors, the main
conseq u ences cycles of overproduction
crises and capitalist concentration relative
and absolute, in other words, was the
beginning of continentização[3] of economy
and commerce in particular.
These conditions and characteristics of
capitalism have at the same time brought
enormous prosperity to a much more open
number of people, causing an increase in
population, expansion of commerce,
increased financial and
commercial transactions , disrupting the
monopoly of wealth and unique privileges
of the nobility and medieval clergy, but also
brought misery on a scale never before
seen in humanity.
Access to any type of good or service is no
longer pr oibido or regulated, depending on
the social class (servants, nobles and
religious) or because of the traditions
and the social rules and religious that
vedavam this access to the acquisition and
use of certain goods, services , clothing,
colors, designs, places, foods, p erfumes,
clothing and rights before forbidden and
exclusive of social classes higher and s ,
passing the new rule of the possession ,
use, enjoyment, right , access,
permission and acquisition of goods and
services to be given only by wealth
and personal indebtedness .
When informed of this autonomy and
freedom won by former slaves and former
vassals, feudal former masters freed
themselves of their responsibility for
ensuring the survival and proper protection
to its former vassals and former servants
from then swing between abandonment
and freedom[4] , between autonomy and
employability became vital for the survival
and success of ex-serf individuals .
Organic forced cooperation between manor
serfs was replaced by competition in post-
feudal capitalist factory, artisan, and
manufacturing labor . Efficiency replaced
the obligation to do and the contract
replaced the loyalty pact. The
price (exchange value) replaced the use
value of marginal barter dictated by
tradition. The standardization of production
deprived the merchandise of its intrinsic
value[5] established by tradition and by the
guilds replacing it s the exchange value of
the free market .
From the Renaissance onwards, everyone
was given the right to get rich, together
with this freedom, the conquest of
autonomy and capitalist
freedom demanded mobility and flexibility
of labor from individuals.
With universalized access to goods and
services and benefiting from a great
elasticity of supply of factors of production,
the market was thus built on the freedom of
the law of supply and demand , and by the
apothegm of the invisible hand of the
market , whose base is the marginal utility
or subjective that each consumer perceives
the available goods and services, and the
value tro ca market , settled on the
principle of minimizing control (freedom) by
any of the economic agents about the
decisions to produce or consume goods.
Delivered the ex-servants to market
forces (abandoned by their ex-feudal
lords ), a new type of inequality was
installed in capitalist society, not
institutional, but optional, and with it the
concentration of production factors
randomly in the society where luck, nature
(abundance or scarcity of natural
products, raw materials, sources of inputs),
skill, capital and knowledge were
determining factors for social
stratification. Tradition is no longer the sole
determinant of wealth or poverty.
Poverty is a social disease that has
perpetuated itself vertically, at
first because the past generation did not
bequeath a capital reserve for the present
generation to take the leap in economic
quality; it is also perpetuated
horizontally because intraclass competition
among the poor is extremely fierce,
reducing the possibility of voluntary
intraclass cooperation, unlike the rich who
have incentives for spontaneous
cooperation between them, greater than
among the poor, so the gap it tends to
perpetuate itself because together, the rich
increase their economic capital and their
distance from the class of the poor.
Poverty exacerbates individualism, so the
poor would be more liberal, more selfish
and less solidary because the division of
the economic space among the poor
is narrower , that is, the positions and
opportunities for economic and social
advancement are proportionally smaller, in
situation of general non-employment (+ 4%
unemployed), the dispute among the poor
is intensifying, that is, it removes the
possibility of reward for
cooperation because of the scarcity of
resources, wealth, goods and opportunities
for social evolution given the enormous
elasticity of demand of applicants for the
best opportunities of access to goods,
resources and wealth, inducing a
permanently gonistic behavior where in the
permanent dispute and competition to
which they are submitted: either the poor
work to be the best, the most productive,
the most efficient, or the poor work so that
their poor competitors fail; this pessimistic
expectation or optimism does not change
the fact that there will always be many
failures to few successes, personal
perspective, this competition intra among
the poor in search of out of poverty, at
best, we would have more fracass ad the
than well suce did the a labor market
without the full employment.
The rich would be socialists, socializing
their wealth to preserve their goods among
themselves endogatically, because there is
abundance, surpluses of goods and
opportunities, great elasticity of supply
of goods under their control, so the rich
would be more democratic and more equal
among themselves.
Allen[6] , in his essay on poverty, recalls in
the introduction of that issue that Proudhon
published in 1846 a book entitled
"Philosophy of Poverty", in two
volumes, which Karl Marx them responded
violently with a small book entitled "Poverty
of Philosophy", making clear their
ideological conception of poverty as an
asymmetric power distribution problem,
where both authors state that "all wealth is
the result of robbery, theft or moral,
economic, social and political deviation",
which leads us to the concern about the
guilt or responsibility of the division of
society into social classes, but does not
explain the origin of
the social differentiation that leads to the
formation of the division of society into
social classes: that is, why do some get
rich and others not?
Allen remembers the most
freq u entemente items mentioned the
culture of poverty, conceptualizing the poor
as having a strong sense of fatalid ade,
belief in luck, strong guidance in this
immediacy, short time perspective,
impulsiveness, inability to postpone the
reward for effort planning for the future,
feeling inferior, accepting aggressiveness
and illegitimacy , accepting
authoritarianism. These are symptoms and
not causes of poverty.
The vertical failure in the division of family
social work that leads to the perpetuation
of poverty originates from the discontinuity
of the division in intergenerational time in
the tasks of construction of the family
patrimony that are not conducted ,
completed and consolidated between the
succession of generations, resulting in
insufficiency bequeathed by inheritance by
the older members of the family structure
to the younger ones, who, when they
eliminate the inheritance for the next
generation, interrupt the process of
 capitalist accumulation, increasing the
effort needed to overcome the later stage,
in some cases making the potential for
development completely unfeasible of the
next generation.
The horizontal failure in the division of
family social work arises when the division
in the space of construction tasks of the
family patrimony is not completed in the
same generation due to the lack of
investments in educational and
professional training (human capital) of
the dependent members of the family when
in the growth phase care during training is
neglected by parents or guardians
of their minor dependents , this effort being
replaced by immediacy, depriving the
present generation of intellectual
and cultural capital to build and
constitute the heritage of the next
generations, destroying their expectations.
of prosperity.
4.4 – Sexual competition (intra-gender, inter-
gender, extra-gender)
Until two hundred years ago, work was
considered only a punishment for the poor
and illiterate, it did not give status, as
women seek today, who lived as true
queens of the household, in the greatest
stewardship..
With so many setbacks on the way to its
success in the world of work outside the
home, the feminine gender , in addition to
discovering the wildness of competition in
the labor market, still has to face, as a
minority segment, all the prejudices and
minimizing expectations of the market
professional regarding its capacity has not
yet been fully proven in areas where it is
absent, fleeing from hard work, then yes,
protected by the tradition and religion of
drudgery, as it still happens today in hard
areas in automobile and motorcycle
competitions, in engineering areas, finally
in areas considered "hard" of human
activity, as it has always done throughout
history, when the male of the genre broke
stones and waged wars with the
sledgehammer and sword, before the
inventions of the jackhammer and missile
guided, computerized, stealthy and
intelligent.
The greatest invention of the social
evolution of mankind was the discovery (or
invention) of the division of social labor,
and in the industrial age the invention of
the division of tasks as in the industrial
assembly line and in the service area.
Which is to say: before, the primitive being
had to be polyvalent, doing everything in
complete autonomy. He had to build the
house, fish, hunt, make his tools, make his
clothes, in short, do everything.
Men created practically everything that
exists in modern life without allowing the
slightest female participation, as they
created, among other things:
Submarino; Steamship, Airplanes,
Automobiles, Computer, Digital and Analog
Operating Systems for Computerized
Devices, Helicopters,
Propeller, Electric Generators , Electric
Welding, Ballpoint Pen, Washing Machine,
Hair Dryers, Ceramic Flat Iron,
Semiconductor Microprocessors ,
Invented / discovered Physics, Chemistry,
Mathematics, Geography, Philosophy,
Psychology, Medicine, Anthropology,
Sociology, Astronautics, Astrology,
Engineering and finally, they left almost
nothing for women to discover or invent.
This fact has left women in such a situation
that they are unable to prove their
intellectual qualities due to the total
absence of any opportunity left by males.
Precisely at the inflection moment of
civilization when practically all human
physical work could be totally replaced by
computerized machines , by robots, for
example, there has been for more than two
decades industries without a single soul,
such as a train-train manufacture. -plane
landing in Australia, without a single human
presence and remotely controlled from
Boeing's control center in Seattle in the
USA.
Other examples: the interplanetary
Curiosity probe landed on the ground of the
Solar Planet Mars automatically, because
the radio signals that could control it would
not reach there on Mars in time to monitor
and control the landing, monitor
the approach and landing maneuvers why
these signals traveling at the speed of light
would reach the spacecraft with a delay of
more than sixteen minutes!
Even human intellectual work is in
crisis. Computerized programming code
generator systems replace and in some
cases surpass human intellectual and
physical capacity, such as systems called
"case" that design, write, document,
analyze and deploy entire computerized
networked information systems encoded in
PHP, Oracle , Java, Javascript, better than
any system analysts or human computer
programmers could do!
Computer Aided Design CAD systems
make engineering designs with a perfection
that surpasses the most
skilled human designer .
What does it mean?
It means that after more than eight
thousand years of total absence of the
female gender during the scientific and
technological achievements of human
civilization, when the male gender was in
the forefront creating all sciences
and 99.9999% of patents, inventions and
scientific and historical discoveries, works
of art, then faced with the total absence of
the other genre, which watched everything
passively, now comes at the height of
humanity's hegemony before the advent of
intelligent machines , to dispute the spoils
of humanity's decay, translated into the
conquest that it boils down to changing the
role of housewife for occupation outside
the home.
Is this the greatest achievement of
women? To exchange the narrow
perspective of home life for the narrow
perspective of life subordinate to the slave
system disguised as wage labor for most of
these new workers?
In order to reach the best positions in the
job market that really count and are
worthwhile in this change of occupation,
women would need to be their own boss,
or be their own boss. In the first case, it
would need financial capital; in the second
case it would need intellectual capital. In
both cases, you would need to choose
between motherhood and professional
activity outside the home.
Thus, motherhood would be postponed or
excluded, or supplied by another woman:
the domestic nanny.
There is no historical fact supporting the
theory that men have historically
oppressed women by leaving them in this
state of total submission and unimportance
that required an international movement for
liberation and liberalization. It would be a
transnational and intertemporal sexist
conspiracy at a time when the continents
did not even imagine the existence of each
other, in the eras of pre - colonization (pre-
Columbian) and pre-discoveries of the
Indies, Americas and Africa.
For some time now, with the division of
tasks, we can count on the organic-
mechanical social solidarity that allows us
to exchange tasks/products
for financial remuneration , and find
products and services offered in the so-
called market, although it is not very fair
and equitable ( This is why Karl Marx and
other philosophers have protested the
injustices of this asymmetrical division of
social labor, but this is a theme for many
wars and discussions, including Jesus and
so many other critics of social structure).
This division of labor we realize that there
are no pap i s expendable-unimportant,
socially, although the pay is unequal,
social mind talking about the work of gari is
as important as the doctor, or engineer or
administrator.
Modern society depends on to function
interdependently and it needs each of
these pap will social s, see that in the 80's
of thousand Enio past Germany had to
encourage the entry of Turkish migrants to
address the lack of skilled labor carpenters,
street cleaners, plumbers etc ... who were
welcomed and had m very good
compensation for total lack of interest of
the well - educated al emães who did not
want to take down these functions social
status but that there did not make social life
impossible in Germany.
When women realized that they should try
to change their participation in the division
of social labor, including the role of mother,
then they put the survival of the human
species at risk for the first time in the entire
existence of humankind.
 Without the mother and housewife, the
male would not have time to invent
everything that technology now offers to
society.
I don't know what it will be like in the future,
but it seems that Karl Marx was right: even
if you paid the same salary for the doctor
and for the street sweeper, we would still
have doctors and sweepers, but society
would have to learn to review the status of
street sweepers and doctors.
Par me this happens in relation to the
current social role of women: they just want
to be valued in their pap i s mothers and
wives, nothing more, for the world of work
is nothing glamorous, except for heads ,
businessmen and some profi ssões well
regarded, and this will be perceived by
women who work outside, but too late and
then the damage will be done and will be
hard to go back to pap hey previous social
s the feminist revolution, as some sub-
female workers have already found
out painfully.
The woman tamed and tamed plants,
animals and the male, civilizing and
educating him, making the male the human
being he is today, through the creation of
religion, worship of the dead, morality,
moral love , aesthetics, social rituals and
ethics.
Woman created human civilization.
4.5 – Territorial competition
The groups following the philosophical-
sociological line of Thomas Hobbes, and
later theorized by Simonsen's Theory of
Games, build a dominant strategy of
territorial association to face with the
expectation of maximizing gains over other
groups. Thus can be seen the tendency of
more sedentary groups to place
 themselves in the face of protection of
interests.
According to the theory of Putnam,
the s solidari edade s organic and
mechanics have a social and sociological
huge cost to be accumulated, and
easily is deconstructed in the community.
Establishing the physical bases of the
territorial domain implied in the community
constitutes one of the most studied and
oldest anthropological phenomena in
human groups, starting with the aspect of
survival, then comes the aspect
of protection and defense, and finally the
sociological, political, sexual
aspects, assets, family members.
Establishing an imaginary perimeter has
the effect of rekindling atavistic feelings lost
in the remote prehistoric memory of the
human animal that revives the ancestors
and re-energizes the wildest instincts for
survival and struggle that should already
have been suppressed in the era
of teleinformatized civilization .
4.6 – Ethnic competition
sectarianism in the world
 Sectarianism can conveniently be seen, by
a politicized mind, as one of the many
metamorphoses of the epiphenomenon of
power.
I could refer to Jean Jacques Rousseau
and his theory of social
misanthropy. However, it is not
necessary to dispose of this
anthropological crutch, as competition
between individuals, institutionalized or not,
as in nationalisms, for example, pre-exists
society.
 Thus we have immanently a
society cleaved between groups, classes,
 castes, and communities divided by the
most diverse and strange criteria.
 These criteria are part of any socio-age-
sexual-ethnic-school-local research project
of a well-structured human social research
methodology .
 Any conscientious and methodical
researcher wants to know which
category the people in the group whose
opinion is to be analyzed or
evaluated belong .
 The division of social work that precedes
human civilization obeys the traditional
rules of separating attributions, privileges
and duties naturally and mainly according
to age, gender and experience criteria.
 Typical divisions of statistical analytic
category stratification analysis in a
research project generally fall into the
following scopes: 
 Age;
 Sex;
 Education;
 place of residence;
 Profession;
 Preferences: 
 f.1) Policy;
 f.2) Sport;
 f.3) Laser;
 f.4) Culture:
o f.4.I) Musical;
o f.4.II) Literature;
o f.4.III) Arts.
 Marital status;
 Sexual option;
 ethnicity;
 Income, equity, wealth;
 Religion;
 Naturalness;
 Nationality;
 Physical type:
 n.1) High / low;
 n.2) Fat / thin;
 n.3) Ugly / beautiful
Sub-hypothesis:
"Acceptance of the existence
of different races among humans not
only goes against bioscience but also
goes against ethics and logic, based on
superficial aspects such as the color of the
epidermis to deeply differentiate individuals
of the same species: there is no criterion
adopting this this type of differentiation for
species in the existing multicolored nature ,
accepting the term race to refer to skin
color is an attack on common sense ” .
Hypothesis:
"The s sectarism s aceptivo are exclusiv
ely exclusive, or exclusive
inclusive are , non-institutionalized
constitute what one wants
to characterize and styling with the
theoretical construct Rac ialização ."
The dispute for power implies competition
for privileges in society. From the division
of social labor, obligations and duties are
distributed, together with the privileges that
build the category of social hierarchy,
institutionalized or not.
Organized sectarianism
When the social hierarchy presents itself in
an organized, organic way, this social
hierarchy is supported and justified through
ideology, scientific theoretical constructs,
 by tradition , establishing a determined
social hierarchical order that characterizes
the social behavior of groups and classes
in society. Once groups and classes are
united in homogeneous communities, and
these communities are constituted in
nations, and taking these communities,
groups, classes and nations at a more
inclusive level, we will have transnational,
transgroup and transclassist ethnic
representations.    
unorganized sectarianism
In unorganized sectarianism, ie not
institutionalized if m per rules ceptíveis and
coercive, observed the phenomenon of
prejudice. So, what characterizes and
distinguishes prejudice from other forms of
sectarianism is the degree of
institutionalization of sectarianism in
society. 
Thus, institutionalized sectarianisms, such
as:
a) Nazism;    
b) Zionism;   
c) The caste system;    
d) Apartheid;   
e) Quilombo communities;    
f) Indigenous Communities;     
g) Racial Quota Systems;    
h) General Quota Systems.   
 The power struggle has been the principal
that attic of the sectarianism in societies:
groups, classes, castes, communities,
ethnic groups, nations, and synesthesia
this dispute originated the
prejudice of racial ization or color of the
skin as we wanted to demonstrate this
thesis. This is the main hypothesis of
this thesis.
 Raci there in Brazil
Intellectual elites, especially those located
in Salvador and Recife, sought theoretical
answers to the growing regional
inequalities that emerged between the
North and the South of the country, as a
result of the decline of the economic cycle
of sugar production and trade in the
Northeast and the prosperity it brought in
the economic cycle of coffee production
and trade in the Southeast. Who does not
remember the fear of Nina Rodrigues to
see develop in the South a nation - colored
skin bra ncaa, while miscegenation skin
color raged in the North?
The theorized the racists
construct there smo defended at the Bahia
Medical School, the Eugenics thesis
Galton, or in the Recife Law School of
lombrosiana feature, entrenched in the
study of forensic crime and physical
disabilities and mental evolved mainly in
Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo,
towards less positivist doctrines that led to
different versions of the phenomenon of
"whitening" of the skin color and ,
subsidizing from the immigration policies,
which intended the pure and simple
replacement of the -work of black- skinned
people by European immigrants, to the
theories of miscegenation of skin color that
preached the slower but continued
fixation by the Brazilian population of
mental, somatic, psychological and cultural
characters of the white -skinned ethnicity ,
such as as they can be found in the
writings of Batista Lacerda (1911) and
Roquette Pinto (1933), dissolving secular
blackness.  
The ra cializ action correspond to the
genotypic characteristics of individuals, and
the color of the skin correspond to the
 phenotypic characteristics of individuals,
hence the marked difference of
racists here Brazilian smo to the North
American type that established the law of
the 3/4 genotype load, consolidated in the
law of blood. By this criterion, skin color
becomes a relatively secondary
distinguishing characteristic, since for
North Americans the origin of the ancestors
is more valuable than the white color of an
individual.
Then retanto, Pierson has already found
here, among Brazilian academics, a social
history of skin color
individual negr the developed by Gilberto
Freyre, who had miscegenation and social
rise of the mulattoes the cornerstones of
his compreen are of Brazilian
society . Here in Brazil, the skin color is
worth more than the genotypic
characteristics, that is, the phenotypic
Negroid appearance. In other words, to be
more explicit , facts were established, as
early as 1935, at least among modernist
and regionalist intellectuals , that:
a) Brazil had never known the hatred
between ethnic groups , that is, the
" istic racial prejudice ";    
b) class lines were not rigidly defined based
on skin color ;   
c) the mestizos were slowly but progressively
incorporated into the national society and
culture;    
d) blacks and Africanisms tended to gradually
disappear, giving way to a specifically
Brazilian physical type and culture.   
In other words, if there was racial
prejudice ístico among us - such as Blumer
(1939) defined it - exist color
prejudice skin (based on phenotype
Negroid) - as defined by Frazier (1942)?  
 Or would we just have class prejudice, as
Pierson wanted?
Let us remember that racial
prejudice ístico is and ntendido, sociology
then, from the paradigm of Herbert Blumer,
as fundamentally a collective process that
operates by "public means that individuals
who are accepted as spokesmen of a racial
group ístico publicly characterize
October ro racial group ístico "setting in
this process your own. This is the proper
definition of legitimate sectarianism.
For Blumer, this amounts to placing both
groups in a reciprocal relationship, defining
their respective social positions. There are
four to ntimentos that, according to Blumer,
will always be present in racial
prejudice ístico the dominant group:
a) of superiority;    
b) that the racialístico
group subordinad the intrinsically different
and alien;   
c) monopoly over certain advantages and
privileges ; and    
d) fear or suspicion that
the subordinate racialized party wishes to
share the prerogatives
of the dominant racialized party .   
 Florestan says:
Then, the notion of "color prejudice"
emerged as an inclusive category of
thought. It was built to designate,
structurally, emotionally and cognitively, all
the aspects involved by the asymmetrical
and traditionalist pattern of racial
relation. Therefore, when blacks and
mulattos speak of "color prejudice", they
do not distinguish between
"prejudice" properly said and
"discrimination". Both are merged into the
same conceptual representation. This
procedure induced some specialists, both
Brazilian and foreign, to lamentable
interpretation confusions. (1965, p. 27)
 And Oracy:
Considered s and how racial prejudice an
array (or attitude) unfavorable, culturally
conditioned, for the members of a
population to which they have as
stigmatized, whether due to appearance,
whether due to all or part of ethnic origin
that they assigns or acknowledges. When
racial prejudice is exercised in relation to
appearance, that is, when it takes as a
pretext for its manifestations the
individual's physical features,
physiognomy, gestures, accent, it is said to
be a trademark; when just the assumption
that the individual is descended from
a certain ethnic group, to suffer the
conseq u ences of prejudice, says that it is
of origin. (Nogueira, 1985, p. 78-9)
 
 However, the generation of the 1950s and
his disciples in the 1960s studied and
discussed color prejudice skin and racial
prejudice ístico , but did not address
racists there smo. This is because
race there was understood only as a
doctrine or political ideology of a Marxist
nature. The general expectation was that
the existing prejudice would be gradually
overcome by the advances and
transformations of class society and by the
modernization process.
Now, what changes in the 1970s is the
very definition of what
racists there smo. And that doesn't just
change in Brazil. Nor is the product of
generation b RAZIL black color that was
exiled in Europe or the United States, as of
Abdias Nascimento, as if it were a
conceptual transformation of imitation and
cultural colonialism phenomenon. The
change is broader. 
However, to counter s and Florestan and
the sociology classics belief europ i a, for
those ascriptions as racialism or sex were
not functional for the allocation of positions
in class society, Carlos sees also required
to theorize about behavior and beliefs:
 a) discrimination and racial prejudice s are
not kept intact after abolition but, on the
contrary, acquire new meanings and
functions within the new structures and
b) racists practices there hese the
dominant group color
skin White to perpetuate the subordination
of color of skin negr the s are not mere
archaisms of the past, but are functionally
related to material and symbolic benefits
that the group color of skin White to obtain
competitive disqualification of skin color not
White to s. (Idem, 1979, p. 85)
(sectarianism)
In fact, the malaise of anthropologists with
the progressive replacement of studies
racia relations Listica s, in which the
subjects and the cultural meanings were
highlighted by studies of inequality and
racists there sm o, in which the structural
aspects are emphasized , had already
manifested itself before, in the 1980s,
when Roberto DaMatta (1990), in an article
that became famous –The Fable of the
Three Ra cializations –, making extensive
use of structuralism and
Dumont's categories , seeks to explain "the
raci alis mo to Brazil "as a cultural
construct unique and specific.
The notion of person and personal
relationships, in Roberto's words, replace,
in Brazil, the notion of individual, to
recreate, in the full formal realm
of citizenship, the ist racial hierarchy , or
the hierarchy of skin color , threatened with
the end of slavery and caste society.
 DaMatta's theoretical proposal is clear:
Brazil is not a classically egalitarian
society, as it coexists well
with social hierarchies and privileges, it is
intersected by two ideological patterns,
although it is not exactly an Indian-type
hierarchical society.
In fact, when dealing with "racial
democracy ista " as a "superstructure",
Marxists eventually strengthen id will the
myth, transforming it into supraconjuntural
construct, own a social formation, very
close to the long-term processes, of which
Braudel speaks to us.
They failed to investigate the concrete way
and circumstances in which such an
ideology was produced by intellectuals,
who sought to make sense of concrete
practices and experiences, responding to
very specific situations.
On the other hand, structuralists critics of
Marxism and activists skin color negr the s
eventually join the myth, seeing it stays
and typical structural features of Brazilian
society, reinforcing once again, its a-
historicity.
Symbolic skin whiteness has been used by
elites to justify their own privileges and to
exclude the majority of Brazilians from
exercising their rights as full and equal
citizens. (Reitner, 2003, p. iv)
In sociological theory we can choose to
build a systemic or structural theory of
racists there smo, as did the Marxists; or
we can treat the relations racia list s as a
social classification process theoretically
autonomous class inequalities structure as
suggested Blumer (1965) and Blumer and
Duster (1980).
However, in either case it is certain that the
reproduction of unequal ties racia list s is
linked to three different processes:
 1) first, with the formation and attribution of
subjectivities, something that is not limited
only to racialism , but that affects
practically all forms of social identity;
2) second, with the political process of
organizing and representing interests in the
public sphere; and
3) third, precisely because it is a structure,
it is necessary to bear in mind the
institutional constraints that function as true
feedback mechanisms .
The theoretical design that hides in the
discriminatory inclusive policy of
the Brazilian State of quotas aims to
institutionalize the racists there smo to
deconstruct it, because that prejudice is
more SEDICO than racists there smo.
To the prejudice ra c ialização be fought
requires using the same tactics of the
guerrillas. It cannot be defeated by formal
and conventional weapons and strategies,
it requires action from commands that act
at the extreme limit of legality, also using
clandestinity , secret actions, and extreme
discretion.
To escape this scenario, it is necessary to
bring prejudice to light, in order to fight it
with non-excludable and non-discretionary
social, political and legal
instruments. When leaving the
clandesti nity no longer racial
prejudice ista ethnic sectarianism.
Conclusions:
Ethnicity does not pass the test of stratified
analytical category in any scientific
statistical event, because such a group
does not exist in society, because such a
category, if it did, would be qualified in
opinion and behavior surveys as a group to
which a certain expectation could be
assigned. of behavior, be it political, of
consumption, of economic category, of any
other institutional category.
Some the perceptions indicate the ethnic
groups with associate of particular athletic
highlight groups of sportsmen skinned
people of negr the s, or disassociate them,
as in the case of athletics and swimming,
respectively. Such situations are well
studied and it is noticeable that the
financial situation did not allow groups
of people from skin color negr the s have
access to clubs with swimming pools, in
the same way that everyday activities
claiming long continuous hikes by total lack
of accessible motorized transport to
bequeathed to groups skinned people
of negr a s a compulsory training for
athletic sports, and what is best to form
large players than a street, four stones to
simulate the beacons, a bladder or ball half
and the most common football club in poor
communities is formed. That's a free
football barn .
When you join an ethnic organization, you
realize that the differences in interests are
more divergent than the converging ones,
and that the only thing in common there
among the participating members is the
color of their skin. Then the members of
these organizations are without speech,
that its members will not be able to
understand among themselves because
there is no understanding some there for
Quality and skin color does not distinguish
 a social group. There is no ideological
consistency, as each member has diffuse,
complex, differentiated interests, all the
unmet demands of society are present
there that do not disappear because the
people gathered there have the same skin
color: there are the physically
handicapped, women , the unemployed,
the poor, the sick, the homosexuals, the
rich, the young, the old, finally there is a
micro world full of demands and none of
them is exclusive or inclusive in the
perspective of the struggle of individuals of
skin color black a s.
By constituting an organization to
help black individuals, its organizers soon
realize the size of the expectations they
arouse in the group and soon realize that
the same problems that gather there are
present in any social group, regardless of
skin color.
Aqua it is only one group of society full
demands that would make any politician
busy for the next generations and the color
of the skin is just another detail, hence the
failure of ethnic aid organizations meet and
satisfy the expectations pseudo-exclusive
or pseudo - peculiarities of
its members, founders and leaders.
5 – Aggressiveness (challenges / self-
assertion)       
Another remnant of primitive being still
reeks in the modern homo who once
served with reaffirmation of the male and
the gang leader, and it is still difficult to
distinguish the true leader from the chief in
contemporary society, when the pre-age
disputes of gunpowder were resolved by
the end. of the sword.
Still, persist atavism and symbolic behavior
of cultural domination represented in
 cultures despite human progress and
revolutions, borders and achievements of
outlets are today or esults wars, the Cold
War Color War i to, from the Vietnam War,
from the Iraq War, from the Iran War, from
the Six Day War, in short, it was the wars,
perhaps the legal violence of the State,
that unquestionably shaped the borders
and international relations in the world and
continues its conseq u ences geopolitics,
the arms trade still moves the entire US
economy and its economic engine and the
main fomenting of new technologies for
the entire Western world.
It was the wars that gave us the computer
chip, the computer, atomic energy, the
rocket engine, the jet engine, the radar, the
internet, communication satellites, there is
no area of technology that has not been
financed directly or indirectly by war or
preparation for war.
For the time being, peace has left nothing
of importance for humanity. To want young
people to be peaceful would totally
contradict the behavior and all the
expectations placed on the table of
the industrial-military complex that sustains
our bellicose culture.
We are all children of legal and
legitimate State violence .
5.1 - Breaches of religious rules
The biggest taboo to be broken in a deeply
religious society would be to challenge the
rules considered sacred and untouchable
of a set of religious orders formed by a
complex and heavy hierarchy whose
access depends on great preparation
and long wait to climb each step of access
to higher levels of the religious order.
In this order , permanence, tradition,
reliability, preparation, brotherhood,
solidarity, knowledge and extreme
dedication are worth .
Except for atheists, the church exerts a
strong power over people's lives, their
doctrine requires faith and devotion of the
fi i s, whose size and power is hardly
equaled, for his lies based on irrefutable
ideology, although nothing can prove
or disprove on their theses with scientific
evidence on issues such as life after death,
this twilight zone of human experience that
worries people on the promise or possibility
of attaining eternal life in the passage to
death, when to them seduces the
opportunity to reach the supreme power of
equaling or approaching the supreme
creator, the greatest of all powers, who
according to each religion receives a
name, but who in all of them represents the
figure of the creator of the universe .
And his is a power never equaled, never
surpassed, nor by the very power
symbolized evil the opposite face
dialectically the power of good, then these
doctrines require the fi i s strict compliance
with the doctrine of the duties, which are
based on the principle of solidarity , of
individual accountability and personal
salvation, of personal duty to others, in
short, of the ideal of seeking the salvation
of the soul in order to attain eternal life.
This fascination and power of v church is m
much time and little chance there is of it
come to be replaced by science, if
only because its ideology seeks to conform
the principles and modern customs are,
with the environment, with the culture
and with the time when Act.
Although occasioned spiritual power of this
promise that can match up to the Supreme
Creator in eternity, there is a great concern
of evangelization and expansion of new
fi i s, since it is known that the more
numerous the sect more powerful it
becomes; in addition to the fact that it is
hegemonic, which in itself would be a
powerful attraction for new adhesions, it is
more convenient to belong to the stronger
side that is more in tune with the social
system, culture and official institutions in
general.
Participating in such a powerful institution
provides access to the church hierarchy,
which conveniently has some spaces in its
structure to be filled by duly prepared lay
people to avoid dangerous dogmatic and
doctrinal deviations and experiences that
may change established standards, whose
Such rigorous zeal makes this institution
the most conservative and reactionary
among all those that dispute the vital space
of power within the social system .
The power is very visible, and
unquestionably belongs to the minister,
pastor, priest or bishop, who in turn
received his mandate from the supreme
creator, which no believer dares to contest
or doubt, by entrusting their lives with a
pious belief in him , since he is the
spokesman of eternal truths, there is no
way to contest him without questioning his
own faith, which is the sole principle and
foundation for the believer to belong to
religion, since everything else is
subordinated to faith and its doctrines .
In the name of faith the believer
submits himself to any test and deprivation,
even of his most elementary and natural
instinctual impulses, all desires, wills and
thoughts submit to the will of the creator in
the person of his earthly representative,
who he is the sacred minister, regardless
of borders, language, race, and above all
commitments to the state, even if there are
disagreements of ideological principles
between these two institutions at some
point in doctrine.
The believer, believing that he is on the
side of this higher power, can
overcome everything and this in fact gives
him an enormous feeling of power, which
makes the positions and disputed positions
in the lay and secular hierarchy very
coveted, but the meticulous organization of
the church sets and strict and clear rules to
ensure the tranq u ility and the rise of
opportunity within their hierarchy, which in
turn works in harmony because of the
enormous stability enjoyed by the
ministers, who are not usually elected by
the members of the sect .
And if Ntende that is m chosen and
blessed by the supreme being, so in all
official and social events in the lives of fi i s
it is always present to bless, bless, ward off
evil, to comfort, heal, pray, intercede,
forgive, to punish, to cuddle, comfort,
advert go, teach, guide, watch over, finally,
protect your entire life and always bring this
shadow of his power to house and clothe
their fi i s.
Power, in fact, is the main attraction of the
church, he is able to fend off the fi i s all
your major you mores and afflictions; who
could overcome the greatest fear of all, that
which would be the end of everything,
which is death itself?
The church guarantees a hope of another
life beyond this one, which would be the
greatest triumph of all nature. It is in the
suffering of the disease that faith comes
once again, guaranteeing the cure for all
ills; It's comforting to know that above
medical science there is the hope of
healing by the power of faith, and if healing
still doesn't happen, of the two premises
one will be true: either you didn't have
enough faith to believe in healing , or else
it was divine design that the apparently
unfavorable outcome was contrary to
expectations.
The doctrine of the church is well
structured, so well that the sacred words
are proposed and the propositions are
proven, it is able to accommodate any and
every situation, however paradoxical it may
seem, because it is in the word that the
explanation and justification of the which is
based on the doctrine, from
which intellectivity is not necessarily
required, nor is the clarity of rationality of
the Cartesian type sought, only acceptance
by faith.
What the church actually offers is the
product of faith, through faith one has
access to the power that is above any force
or power in the universe, a power that, of
course , is above and beyond any
government, above the superpowers, of
atomic energy or any other that may be
discovered or created by man .
And it's beyond time, such power is an
unparalleled attraction, and to be with this
power and to obtain it is very simple, just
have faith, recognize this power and submit
to it unconditionally, for this you have to
undress of all pride and haughtiness with
the creator of the universe, who surrounds
himself with unfathomable mysteries,
nothing can reach him, no one has seen or
touched him .
We do not know how to go there , as it is
far away, unattainable, therefore, if its
existence cannot be proven its denial as
well, as there is a lack of evidence and
means for both propositions, and for those
who have not yet decided to accept these
truths perennial and supreme there is the
 threat of eternal and irrevocable
punishment, for this reason faith does not
admit a compromise, whoever is not in
favor is already compulsorily against .
The s borders and sides are well defined
and clear, moreover, during saw the entire
faithful will have to renew their faith,
because what it hears and sees is
everywhere, making it impossible to fool
you or underestimate it.
It is indeed an extraordinary power whose
strength resides only in the ideology of
faith, belief, devotion and the
expectation of access to that power, as the
final prize, after death, of course, because
the salvation of the soul is individual, not
collectively, selfishness remains an input
and altruism a by-product of soul salvation.
5.2 – Breaking family rules
Breaking the first barriers of dependence to
inaugurate their autonomy is the first and
risky step of the adolescent and young
person , in doing so it puts at risk the
initiate, his only reference for survival and
support : his family and his family. umbilical
ties with the world and society . It is a
boldness that borders
on (foolishness) stupidity!
But the line that separates the madman
from the hero is defined by the result of the
action. If successful he becomes a hero, if
he is unsuccessful he is just another fool.
This is the moment of risk, as with almost
all animal species that live in flocks and
groups, the moment of the rite
of passage. The Indians mark this
moment very well when the girls stay for up
to two years without seeing the sunlight,
segregated from all members of the
village , since when their little breasts start
to swell and menstruation stops. After this
 long preparation , they , the Indians will be
presented to society as women, ex-
children . Indigenous boys at 11 or 13
years traverse a lon g the Via
Crucis supporting up bites of the fiercest
ants to proving their courage and
autonomy, demonstrating knowledge of the
secrets of survival in the jungle to be able
to enter to the world of men.
It hurts to grow up, and this phase of
rupture leaves the phase of lost
innocence far behind . Just fantasy and
tolerance with small and large flaws,
decisions have repercussions size
and s for life.
5.3 – Breaking ethical rules (good customs,
good manners)
It comes time to test the lim ites social
tolerance and conseq u ente s social
sanctions for s wrongdoing s the unwritten
rules of conduct and not explicit. These
punishments are not always explicit
or declared, they almost always
lead to censorship,
ostracism, marginalization, social
castration, limitation and loss of autonomy
and prestige, embarrassment, gaining a
nickname, bullying and even for the
reproach.
Hidden crimes are the s target s well
- aimed three secular institutions d human
culture: religion, morality and tradition.
Deciphering these codes sometimes
requires discreet
perception , and indiscreet acts are
discreetly perceived and discreetly
censored. This often puts the transgressor
in such a situation that he is at the same
time judge, executioner and victim of his
own secret wrongdoings or indiscretions in
the face of self-punishments .
5.4 – Breach of legal and institutional rules
It is a mandatory part of these new rites as
discussed above, and this phase should
not be minimized or stigmatized by parents
and guardians, it is the hard part of growing
up and the price is the tolerance of those
who are more mature and more
experienced with those who they are
discovering the limits of the social rules of
tolerance.
6 – Love achievements       
The first love conquests involve a power
play. Humility and patience should be the
main strategic pillars for success, but, on
the contrary, the need for intellectual,
social, age, economic, and gender self-
assertion come to form the battleground for
status and it is quickly lost to vision of the
initial objective that would be the seduction
of the partner for the sexual-sentimental
game.
Everything becomes a sentimental and
emotional issue, and reason soon
abandons the ethical decisions of
conquest, everything becomes a personal
issue, soon transformed and confused as a
point of honor. When there is a conflict of
interest to human civilization learned from
Roman law there 2800 years that is
required of an intermediary that are eja
respected by both sides, and that the
solution should be a mixture of amb
aspirations to s the antagonistic parts, such
as n a court sentence with mitigating and
aggravating factors, parsimoniously dosed
by the decision-making judge. Believing
that both will come out of the conflict of
interest alone requires a very high level
of altruism and this is very rare in human
beings. Unless there is true love.
 This is where something should be said
about love.
People think it's easy to talk about
love. Whoever loves forgives; whoever
loves submits ; whoever loves is able to
leave himself and put himself in the other's
place, in true otherness. To love you need
humility, altruism, giving and emotional
intelligence. It does not mean canceling
oneself, on the contrary, to love another
one must first love oneself and be able to
recognize one's own limits, imperfections
and do the same in relation to the other.
To love it is necessary to understand and
accept the other without trying to change
him, without wanting to format him.
The language d love makes the partners
without realizing it go gradually getting
much like as if one were the mirror of the
other, a gradual timing where the voices
will converge to the same tone, one that
has the higher voice will gradually
and thickening it, and the one with the
lowest voice will tune it, the one with the
strongest accent will soften it, and vice
versa, an unconscious mirror game
begins , one imitating the other without
noticing it after a few years they barely
speak av oz, they talk all just with the look
and understand so well that already
or are seeking not useless words, your
hand signals and body is completely
perfect. You must have seen this in an old
couple, isn't it!
6.1 - Insecurity
It is never necessary to forget that the
adolescent should not be charged for adult
behavior, this brings insecurity, because
his temperament sometimes frightens him,
he seems to be dealing with a small adult,
but he still does not have the experience
 that tempers juvenile raptures, and he does
not knows the limit and the difference
between fear and caution.
Continuous criticism and constant
punishment only create insecurity, it does
not help you to grow in knowledge and
security.
Your self-confidence will instantly
deteriorate with failures at the same
speed as your self-confidence grows with
successes.
It seems that every teenager is bipolar, in
fact this phase is bipolar: it goes from one
extreme to the other of caution/daring,
admiration/contempt, apathy/euphoria,
everything is quite exaggerated.
6.2 - Inex perience
Experience cannot be abbreviated, bought,
borrowed, acquired as a commodity ,
experience is a function of time,
opportunity, attempt, courage to dare and
experiment, it cannot be inherited or
copied. Nothing like the time to resolve this
minor inconvenience.
Experience only has value when we are
prepared to extract the best from it, and for
this a lot of information, advice and
patience must be added to humility,
curiosity, and self-criticism to naturally
subordinate prejudice and pride to the
dictatorship of reality and natural limitations
of each individual and their circumstances
and conditions.
6.3 - Ignorance
Fail to know or ignore rules, circumstances,
facts, laws, theories, concepts and acts
only attests m failure to which humans are
submitted before the inherent limitations to
our nature, but you can avoid preparing to
take researching decisions, inquiring,
 getting informed and if none of this can be
done in advance, caution will be the
best adviser on these occasions, and
young age is neither the constant nor ideal
partner of caution, joviality and caution
repel each other.
6.4 - Fear of rejection (shyness)
The fear of rejection is the co - variable
related to lack of information situation of
the jo ers previous mind the set of
decisions, as the Theory of Games, a
game of incomplete information the
chances of success increase the extent to
which the game repeat, because hardly
anyone will be unaware of the strategies
and tactics of a game or a repeat player.
And the experience is nothing more than
replaying the game or players. Only an
irrational player will miss or be defeated
twice by the same opponent's
move. Repeated games create
expectations.
Thus , the experience works as a proxy for
expectations in the face of new
circumstances.
In a slightly distorted way , other proxies
that approximate the repetition of a game,
and which are not necessarily a repetition
of a game or a player , serve as a template
for decision making in new situations on
which we have to base decisions about an
approximation of similar or analogous
situations, but not necessarily the same. In
this case we appeal to habits, prejudices
and stereotypes . Without the intention of
giving any moral valuation, but just to verify
that morally valid or not, we would never
fail to make a decision in the face of the
unknown without a heuristic reference .
6.5 - Dispute for power (war of the sexes)
The dispute p link power is the central link
in the struggle for
survival and the evolution of species,
whether of the kingdoms animal,
vegetable, or cell monera.
It cannot be ignored that this power
struggle started the construction of
societies, communities, social
groups, building a social hierarchy based
on status, which are nothing more than
social representations reconstructed in the
collective imagination of power struggle.
It is a struggle without an outcome ,
therefore, that m is in power has to fight to
keep it and m is out of his fight to win it.
Poor women and girls may well be
intensely interested in poor and
underprivileged boys and men. It's part of
the struggle for power. A very rich man or
young man can on the other hand provide
economic status and the prospect of
material security, or even attract those
women and girls known as Maria-piggy
bank, ready to deliver the blow from the
chest and break free from the
relationship with a chest. full of gold as
soon as they can end the
relationship profitably.
But why would other Marias
- self- interested little boxes bond with a
poor man?
Men don't know this, but very
beautiful women can be interested in
a poor man or boy precisely because
he is poor because it is from this situation
of economic inferiority that comes the
possibility of forcing him to work very hard
to maintain the interest of the companion,
and this poor guy would be totally under
the control of its beauty , that is, it
becomes your slave, often this is
 submitted tot almente to their whims
satisfying this authoritarian lust for
domination and if it is too beautiful not care
very much if your male victim is handsome,
the important thing is that there is a rigidly
established, narrow submission pact that
she will remain by his side as long as he
does whatever she wishes, at any cost,
mercilessly drawing the blood of this poor
fellow until one day, exhausted, he may
realize how little this sacrifice is worth to
possess this beauty that enslaves him so
much .
On the other hand, a rich young man or
man can make you very insecure because
of the enormous fear that wealth
causes due to the insecurity of being easily
exchanged by the avalanche of women
who let themselves be carried away by the
fascination, fascination and attraction
that wealth exerts of her partner about
women, and that for that the partner would
have to fight hard to keep the partner's
interest every day and show that she is
always the best he can get, or torment him
day and night with accusations f alsas and
even true of betrayal and infidelity, that
may one day m end up in more loving
frustration.
6.6 - Regrestic the s for committed
relationships
a) Believing in love;    
b) Sincerity;   
c) Make decisions after much reflection and
consultation;    
d) Believing and loving yourself very much ;   
e) Be detached and know how to forgive small
failures;    
f) Never accuse the partner, however much it
seems to be right;     
g) Recognize mistakes.    
h) Do not tell everything that is bad in your
relationship;   
i) Don't lie.      
j) Get out of yourself and try to put yourself in
the other's shoes.      
k) Never act from a negative or positive
impulse.    
l) Keep your intimate life for yourself and your
partner.      
m) Do not tell your friends about your
happiness with life together. 
n) Do not share your differences and
disagreements with friends.   
o) Discuss your plans and share them with
your partner.   
p) Trust your partner without charge and
without surveillance without your
knowledge.   
7 – The First Time       
If you are a boy, know how to take her with
energy in your arms or in your bed on the
day she decides to surrender. But if you
are a girl, open up completely on the day
you decide to surrender , don't try to be the
dominator unless he asks, because the
anatomies and physiologies of male beings
need to be prepared and turgid to provide
the moment of pleasure, and that depends
a lot on male domination fantasies that are
never linked to passivity and apathy.
The role of the male assumes proactivity
and initiative, as reflections
Hunter nostalgic and reflective of
Neanderthals ancestors, cromagn on,
Talve z somewhat reptilian, more raw and
wild than civilized, gentle, vigorous, strong
and virile.
 Don't expect a lot of affection from a man
in your bed, as males are promiscuous ,
impatient, objective and immediatist, what
comes out of this should be seen as a
divine gift to have a loving and gentle male
in your bed, this is not the natural
expectation.
7.1 - The first meeting
No one should expect too much from this
moment, it is better to be surprised by the
unexpected than to be frustrated in the
face of so many disappointments and
fantasies created by the grandiose
expectations .
Don't talk all the time and give space to
listen. If the other doesn't say anything,
don't provoke him by asking him to speak
or by interrogating him. Let the issues flow
without anxiety and without worrying about
filling the silences. During the silences
observe your partner from the front without
aggression, just with gentleness and
meekness, always smile with calm and joy.
Le MBRE up during conversations leaving
spaces to be filled in the next meetings,
leave many things started, incomplete
and inconclusive, leaving many thrillers
and questions to be filled in the coming
meetings. Don't satisfy all the trivia and
questions. Say that over time she or he will
understand as new and increasingly
consistent and profound information comes
to them, gradually and gradually.
7.2 - The first kiss
Don't feel obligated to this moment, look at
her face and if the moment calls for go
halfway and let her do the rest of the
kissing route.
A kiss is the most important thing for a
woman: the first kiss. She will remember
 this for the rest of her life. If it's the first kiss
of your life then get ready to love him with
her 50 years later!
It doesn't have to be a technically perfect
kiss, you'll have plenty of time to adjust to
each other. There is no perfect formula for
the kiss, it will depend a lot on the partner's
or partner's taste. There's the breath-taking
long kiss, there's that short, strong kiss,
there's the luscious kiss, with lots of
libation, there's the kiss where the tongue
seeks the roof of the mouth, there's the
kiss where tongues touch and there's kiss
where the lips meet and suck lightly
nibbling the fleshy underside of the lips.
Find out what is the style of the other
person, and this can take time, and if you
are even very indiscreet ask them their
preference and if even dared ask pa ra she
describe him or teach them their preferred
style of kissing, that does not mean
mod the some failure , gaffe , medical
doctor or a scandal. Sincerity is the most
important thing in a relationship, don't play
the teacher or the wise lord , as this does
nothing to help or add to the relationship.
7.3 - The first sexual love relationship
The first relationship can not be a casual or
accidental act, should be planned and
combined with the partner, preceded by a
request for clinical tests with their
gynecologist and Urol ogista
should m mark a discreet location and
appropriate for this moment, and it must be
a fully consented and mature decision.
If neither have any previous
experience sexual should ask advice from
experienced people s and your
confidence. Don't expect moments of
ecstasy, as lack of practice and lack of
intimacy usually take a toll on this moment.
 But if either of them has broad previous
experience and the other is not the most
experienced a lot of patience and not
discourage or criticize the partner , p ois
may be losing a great lover after the two
are on the same level, and the first time not
it should be seen as a test, instead it
should be the opportunity to prepare or
mold your partner according to your sexual
preference, remembering that we all have
our sexual taboos, and that nothing is too
silly to be disregarded, never if he must
impose his own fantasies on the partner if
the other thinks it is degrading or
humiliating , some unorthodox practice
even if it is peculiar to him and even if it is
a personal kink to be mutually consented
to .
Ask if you can touch it or touch it on their
prudish parts s and intimate before you
touch it, it can avoid difficult constraints of
being subsequently remedied, a touch on
the pla wrong r , and , there goes though
all the respect and love that could m exist
between the couple.
Do not make sudden and aggressive
movements, especially movements that
may hurt or cause painful sensations, avoid
positions considered offensive or
humiliating , even if the partner asks you to
swear or hit you, do not comply with these
requests, then talk to him or her about
limits that she or he accepts for aggressive
sex if that is what the other wants.
Do not force the bar to see the other show
off for you and if the other feels ashamed
or shy with nudity, look away and act
naturally as if you were already used to
that naked body in front of you.
8 – Ethics       
It's ethics, you stupid! This seems to be the
muffled cry of people that no one seems to
notice.
It seems like an old-fashioned thing, but we
humans don't build a society to live
unethically. Ethics is a set of standards and
unwritten rules of social behavior and two,
for example, prevents us from "fart" in the
same elevator that it is empty, because we
know that other s people will use it.
Ethics prevents us from committing small
crimes and invisible and hidden
crimes , but , which would make life in
society quite unbearable, many of these
slips would remain anonymous and
except for our conscience, nothing could
prohibit and prevent people from practicing
them .
It is not social and legal punishment that
prevents us from doing something
prohibited, it is the social conscience of
conscious ethics that bequeaths us to
respect these rules for which punishments
are ineffective.
When we lie to each other may the other
not know that he is feeling cheated ,
or when we kiss someone thinking of
someone else who could be there in their
place, are we being dishonest with
whom? Who are we harming by spending
our time and effort there while we really
wanted to be somewhere else with
someone else and nothing prevents us
from doing that except our will now
consciously contradicted ? Who is really
owning your will: heart or instinct, feeling or
reason? Who owns this
situation? Who m is cheating or
who m doesn't know m is being
cheated? Who is the fool that you are
taking advantage of the meeting naively ,
though not sincer it, or who is pretending to
be happy , but in fact, is being ac used for
their own mistake committed
consciousness or betraying his real
desire ?
In the world of phenomena, of natural
reality, everything depends on a causal
determination. Now, if man is part of nature
and human actions take place in the
natural world, then his actions follow a
causal determination and man is neither
free nor responsible for his actions.
However, man is essentially a rational
being and that is why he is distinguished
from the natural order , not being, in the
field of moral action, subject to causal laws,
but rather to moral principles derived from
his reason, therefore, to duty. This is the
meaning of human freedom on the moral
plane.
Morality is thus independent of the world of
nature. In the field of knowledge, Kant
starts from the existence of science to
investigate its conditions of possibility; in
the field of ethics, it starts from the
existence of moral conscience to establish
its principles.
Kant's fundamental aim is, therefore, to
establish the a priori, that is, universal and
immutable principles of morality. Its focus
is the moral agent, its intentions and
motives. Duty consists in obedience to a
law that is universally imposed on all
rational beings. This is what Kant calls the
categorical imperative .
TO UNDERSTAND THE CATEGORY
IMPERATIVE
Kant concludes that only the human being
is moral, for being capable of acts of
will. For him there is in every person only
one good thing in himself, the good will,
which is present in all human beings,
recognized by common sense itself.
Good will is the disposition of every rational
being to wish to act, according to duty,
although it is not always or never fully
achieved; this is the ability of every subject,
distinctly from his temperament, to
determine his action not by inclination, but
by reason, that is, the will is truly moral if it
is governed by attitudes that dispense with
personal advantage, which is not just a
good for oneself and/or in pursuit of
personal advantage, which Kant calls a
hypothetical imperative .
Example: If you want to get good grades
on exams you should therefore study. If
you don't want trouble, don't pierce your
friend's eye out. In these cases, actions are
taken for convenience and not for
conviction. For Kant, man must act out of
duty.
To act verbally is therefore to transform the
hypothetical imperative into a categorical
imperative. An example proposed by Kant,
which according to Ferrater Mora comes
from the Foundation of the Metaphysics of
Morals: a man desperate for the
misfortunes that occurred in his life and
still master of his reason wonders if it
would not be contrary to his duty to commit
suicide.
He then investigates whether the maxim of
his action could become the universal law
of Nature. And he reasons in the following
way: “I provisionally adopt as maximum the
principle that I can shorten my existence
when the extension of it has to provide me
with greater harm than good.
Can this principle become the universal law
of Nature? No, because a system of Nature
in which it was a law to destroy life through
 the same feeling that drives the betterment
of life would be contradictory with itself and
could not exist as a system of Nature”.
"act in such a way that the norm of your
action can be taken as universal law" -
Mora, J. Ferrate r – Loyola Editions.
- Basic Dictionary of Philosophy –
Japiassú, Hilton and Marcondes, Danilo.
- Introduction to the History of Philosophy
(from the pre-Socratics to Wittgenstein –
M. Danilo – Zahar
Written by Student: Isaac Domingos da
Silva
 
The human is not guided by impulses or
instincts and pressing and unsatisfied
needs, nothing justifies human acts for the
collimated ends, because the human being
is obliged to follow the rules of the social
contract that obliges everyone and
excludes no one and
no exceptional circumstances and it is the
foundation of social life, without which,
through the renunciation of legitimate
private violence, we adjudicate justice and
revenge to the State in order to live
peacefully in society. This is the social
contract by adhesion that we sign as soon
as we receive the smack of life from the
midwife on our first breath.
8.1 – Intra-gender behavior
Human groups tend to be
naturally isolated by gender identity :
they were in the past and are in the
present , even so constituted
and thus formed , and this is
evident , since there is a natural
communication barrier that has never
been overcome between genders built and
constituted in the pre-civilization, while
females of the species and males ignoring
the role of sex in no recognizable human
reproduction were
going their s offspring havidas in
public m nor recognized the s their
partners sexual cohabitation as
companions in life within a lineage
of ciduous , or descendant , or parental .
The construction and structure of the family
fo groups ram for much s century s
replaced the by gender
groups are mainly pel the matrilineal
matriarchal group exclusive that
grouped the women, their children, their sis
ters and their line relatives matrilineal up
and down .
Breaking the cultural and genetic barrier
between genders requires social learning
and is not a natural process, it requires the
adaptation of body
language, communication, posture and dep
ends on social training .
Men and women live in different
worlds. Maybe opposites, maybe separate,
maybe parallel.
Crossing this boundary means a break of
at least 20 thousand years of
civilization and cultures lived divided s for
this invisible line, which are eto genres
starting with dimorphism morphological -
sexual, the appearance and physical
structure, the physiology, temperament
short, they are two distinct human and
cultural institutions and
dimensions in society and
in nature, although belonging to the same
species, but almost completely different.
So genders feel more the rider when in
their r espectivas social bays, so they can
draw plans , compare, learn and test
abordage strategies ns of the other gender,
 learning and exchanging information not
always accurate and effective (efficient and
effective).
8.2 – Inter-gender behavior
The c ompetição en tre members of
the same gender groups tends to be much
more fierce general in nature with is among
the members of s it s kind s because these
individuals vying for the same fortune
means, dispute the same sources food, the
same are female (male) intra - specific and
that are concerned are sufficient it is of a
series of interactions that are the many
strategic stage the social disputes.
But inter-gender behavior tends to mitigate
intra-gender conflicts because the same
ingredients that foster them are the same
ones that attract and bring opposite
genders together.
The study of the sciences, in almost all
areas of human knowledge, always takes
us back to the primitive state of nature and
the wild world: why nothing there is forged
or produced by the simple will dictated by
authority; everything there is subordinated
to natural laws, and to structural and
contingent arrangements, whether these
laws are known to the observer or the
scientist. This is the ideal field for
discovering basic laws and concepts.
The question that arises is the individual's
behavior and its interaction with the group
and with the environment, how, when and
why these interactions occur, or, to put it
another way: why bees live in colonies and
other animals, such as do chimpanzees
spend a good part of their lives living
alone?
Bodeenheimer[7] (1932) stated that "It is
not correct to believe that each animal is
always led by its sense organs in search of
optimal conditions". Species survival is,
without a doubt, much tougher than most
common people realize.
It is necessary to avoid the temptation of
reductionism, which consists in the
simplistic reasoning of falling into the
finalist error that “It consists in believing
that everything is perfect in nature and that,
in all cases, living beings are [sic] in the
conditions of their environment. are more
favorable”.
Few animals lead solitary lives, even
injured or sick, monkeys, highly social
animals, insistently try to stay and
accompany their ban , or any other,
including other species of monkeys. Even
solitary animals also maintain their own
social organization, as they are always on
the lookout for their neighbors.
The fact of belonging to a social group
allows the survival of animals , which in
solitary life, would perish or have less
reproductive success. Group life can
provide greater protection; many animals
can only successfully raise their offspring if
they cooperate with their partner; this is
where the bond between the couple
evolves, individuals who perform this
activity well or choose the right partner well
are more likely to perpetuate their
descendants, otherwise this heritable-
functional characteristic in the species
would not be reinforced, according to the
evolutionary principle.
It is easy to see that birds that feed
outdoors need to always be on the lookout
for predators. They need to balance the
time spent eating and the time spent
avoiding being eaten. Many birds solve this
problem by living in flocks and taking
advantage of the surveillance carried out
by their companions. Thus, as the size of
the flock increases, the proportion of time
each animal spends looking around
decreases and the total number of watchful
animals increases. Predator time
also decreases as flock size increases.
Fish, birds and primates, freq u entemente
close ranks when it appears a
predator. Crowding can be caused by the
fact that it is advantageous for each animal
to place itself in the center of the group
and thus leave other animals between it
and the predator. Even birds that do not
normally live in flocks can temporarily
group together to chase away a predator,
this behavior makes them realize they have
been discovered and deprives them of the
element of surprise.
When food sources are abundant,
dispersed and relatively stable, animals
can search for food alone, otherwise it is
very difficult for an individual to find food
alone; when one of the birds finds food, the
other members of the flock change their
behavior and start looking in the same area
or in the same type of place where the food
was found.
Bees, ants, termites, wasps, built their
societies with an organization based on the
caste system , in which the position of each
individual is well defined and their
attributions as well; it is an extremely rigid
structure, whose suitability is so critical,
that it is already genetically determined and
that can only be changed in special
situations, as long as it is a function of the
community, noting that, among ants, for
example, warriors, those that are
responsible for the safety of the anthill,
weighing up to twenty times the weight of a
worker ant; this dimorphism is irreversible
in adult form.
Ass im happens to the queen and male,
that is hardly an example of perfect
organization, but judging by his survival
and more than proven resistance to
extermination attempts, mainly by man, is
that they have been remembered
quand the one speaks of organized
societies. Its strength lies in its quantity, for
obvious reasons, and the greatest virtue, in
its meticulous organization, without which it
would not be possible to feed and protect
the group, usually numerous.
Therefore, the group effect has
been observed in animals and important
indicators of survival were found for
species in their habitat; Very consistently, it
has been observed that the critical number
for the elephant population in Africa to
survive is around at least 25 individuals per
group.
Even in Peru, whose production of guano,
an important source of calcium phosphate
derived from the feces of seabirds of the
cormorant species, is dependent on the
existence of a minimum of 10,000
individuals of this species, as below this
threshold the survival of the species is
seriously compromised; for reindeer,
groups consisting of fewer than three
hundred individuals are doomed to
disappear from their own habitats; wolves
in groups can kill large animals, which in
isolation are easy prey; bison, musk oxen,
many other ruminants defend themselves
effectively when gathered in groups, as
they are more pairs of eyes to watch, look
for food and even more strength to fight
enemies.
However, none of this, however, prevents
populations from going through two critical
moments for their survival, regardless of
any other factors: the first moment is
precisely that moment of formation of the
pioneer nucleus, even before
the minimum number of individuals that
ensure the survival and continuity of the
species, which depends mainly on the high
altruism of these pioneer individuals or on
extremely favorable environmental
conditions for the establishment of the
colony for this nucleus to settle down; the
other critical moment, in fact, very obvious,
is when the population reaches its climax
and the size of the group depends on the
so-called limiting factor, because no matter
the abundance of elements necessary and
available for the survival of the species,
the limiting actor will always be, among
these elements, the one that exists in
lesser availability, whose scarcity will
severely limit the survival of the population,
for example, there may be an abundance
of favorite foods and there may be a
severe restriction of water , compromising
the maintenance of the population due to
this limiting factor.
The social organization of bees leaves us
no doubt that the division of social work
and conseq u entemente, specialization
and organization are inherent elements to
the manager process would of large
systems, spatial division, the division of
food, mating rituals , communication
between individuals are well defined and
few modifications are incorporated over
time; everything is well determined and this
process has solved most of its problems
and effectively guaranteed the survival of
the species, especially among bees ( Apis
mellifera ).
In a summer colony, which consists of one
reproductive female (the queen), several
thousand sterile females (the workers) and
a few hundred fertile males (the drones),
plus immature offspring.
The colony inhabits a natural or artificial
chamber (hed ei a) in which wax combs
are built to accommodate the larvae and
store pollen and honey. Drones do little but
fertilize queens during the winter; the
colony consists of the queen and workers,
who survive on stored food.
Egg production resumes the following
spring. The queen can mate with several
males in a single flight and stores the
sperm then received. Normally the queen
lays only fertilized (diploid) eggs, which
give rise to females. Three days after
oviposition, the eggs hatch and release the
larvae that are fed for five days, as highly
integrated animal societies can have a
complicated network of dominance
relationships between vertebrate members,
and a distinct hierarchical line of
distribution of food among insects.
Then the larvae develop into pupae
contained in coconuts inside the wax
cells. Adult workers emerge 21 days after
oviposition; queens emerge a few days
earlier; the drones a few days later.
During their first two days of life, the larvae
normally receive gel and the real one
secreted by the workers, as food. After this
period they receive increasing amounts of
honey. With this diet the larvae turn into
sterile females (workers).
In order for animal behavior to evolve,
genes that command this behavior must be
inherited ; even in the case of cultural
transmission, animals must inherit the
ability to learn and use the behavior
exposed to them.
The behavior that is observed is the result
of the interaction between the inherited
instructions, and the environment in which
the organism develops; Having said that,
and considering that unfertilized eggs
originate haploid drones, we understand
that the importance of this haplo-diploid
system resides in the fact that if the larvae
of fertilized eggs (diploids ) are bred with a
special diet, they may transform into new
queens; unfertilized eggs have only the
genetic inheritance of the female; when a
queen fertilizes one of the gametes with
the stored sperm, each daughter receives
the same genes as the father,
since haploid males can only produce one
type of gamete. The queen, being diploid,
produces gametes that are not identical, as
there is a random rearrangement in the
homologous chromosomes during the
reduction phase of meiosis, so the
daughters have in common, on average,
half of the genes received from the
mother. Since they receive only half of their
total genes from the mother, this common
proportion represents a quarter of their
genotype.
When the genes received from the mother
and father are considered together, we
note that the sisters share, on average,
three-quarters of their genes: 0.5 from the
drone and 0.25 from the queen in f II . In
this way, the sisters are genetically closer
to each other than the mothers of their
daughters or sons are, this explains, in
part, how the altruism, genetically, of
workers has evolved, as the basic rule of
survival and evolution of species is that:
the system prevails over the individual,
considering that “This behavior is the
pacemaker of evolution, as the function of
the organism, expressed in its behavior, is
changed in many generations, according to
experience of the organism[8] ”.
The queen produces chemical signals
(pheromones) that inhibit the laying of eggs
by workers and also prevent them from
creating new queens. If the queen dies or
gets too old, the workers create a new
queen from a larva, feeding it with
gel and the royal one and, unlike what was
done for the workers, with little
honey. Without the inhibition caused by
pheromones, some workers produce
unfertilized eggs , which give rise to
drones.
There are still other circumstances in which
new queens are produced: the older queen
then, together with some workers, swarms
and establishes a new colony.
The workers do everything in the colony
except for eggs. In mid-summer, workers
live only four to six weeks and their
activities are age-controlled: workers
between zero and three days of age clean
cells and keep the larvae warm; workers
between three and six days old feed
the young larvae and the queen; fourteen
to eighteen days secrete wax honeycombs
build and clean the hive i a; from eighteen
to twenty days, guard the entrance; from
twenty to forty days, they go out in search
of pollen and nectar (collector workers).
This scheme, however, is not rigid and can
be modified according to the needs of the
colony; For example, if the hive will to is
too hot, the workers who are doing external
work start to collect water which is used in
the hive will to for cooling and
through vaporação. The dances are
performed by the bees in order to
communicate the direction and distance
from the food source.
Compared to the complexity of human
culture and its dependence on written and
spoken language, the cultural transmission
of behavior observed in animals may seem
trivial; however, it may suggest the way in
which human culture began. Contrary to
what Mandeville wrote in his essay Fable
of the Bees, bees are not instinctively
selfish, nor do they work voluntarily as he
wanted to make believe in his parable
about the free market using bees as a
paradigm.
Thus, in nature, for extremely large groups,
this type of organization has produced the
best results, given that these species do
not run the slightest risk of extinction,
unlike the cormorant bird, which despite
forming gigantic groups, does not they
would enjoy this same stability for their
survival; among other differences, the most
important is undoubtedly the organization.
Power is visible, belongs to the Queen, is
undeniable and this brings order and
tranq u ility for the community, all energy is
used for the common good, therefore,
some individuals have sacrificed
themselves to death to ensure the
tra nq u ility and survival of your system or
of your hyper-communitarian society.
Other types of social organizations are
found in nature, especially among birds
because they have high level of mobility
(those who can fly), highlights m is
especially other groups for having, in
conseq u ence of this fact, very tenuous
ties of intra-specific cooperation: the
decision to belong to a flock is up to each
individual, such as the birds called Parus
major , which live in forests in Europe and
Asia. During the winter, the animals form
loosely cohesive flocks with about a dozen
individuals (sometimes up to five) that can
add additional birds of other
species. These birds feed on insects,
spiders, seeds and fruits. The
bands occupy areas of non-defended
dwellings with partial overlapping of
territories and with about four ha of area
for a band of up to twelve individuals.
The association of animals increases the
probability that an animal will find food,
although, on the other hand , there is also
a lot of competition for food; often an
animal threatens and attacks another by
stealing its food, because even where
there is plenty, there can be fierce disputes
over the items that offer the best
qualifications among the others.
During the period from January to March,
this phase of social organization (the gang
phase) is gradually replaced by the
territorial phase. The formation of couples
takes place in winter. Pairs begin to spend
more time away from the pack, returning to
it in the afternoon and during the colder
periods. Each couple establishes a territory
that by the end of March is already well
defended. Convenient nesting sites,
usually tree cavities, are inspected by the
male, and the female is attracted to this
behavior . The female builds the nest and
lays a set of five to eleven eggs there in
late April or early May.
The cooperation between the members of
the couple lasts the entire period of nest
building, copulation and egg laying. The
male feeds the female in
a vital contribution to counteracting female
wear when laying eggs. Only the female
incubates the eggs, but the male continues
to feed her. The eggs and, later, the chicks
are exposed to predation, the squirrels
( Neosciurus carolinensis) and the weasels
( Mustela nivalis) that look for them to
feed; against these enemies parents can
do little.
The eggs hatch and the chicks are then fed
by the parents and, around the 18th or
20th day of life, the chicks fly from the
nest. On average, each couple raises
six puppies. Parents still feed the chicks
after they leave the nest, but in less than
two weeks the chicks become virtually
independent.
Young people struggle a lot and many of
them disappear from the population. During
September-October the territorial behavior
is rekindled, but as winter approaches new
flocks form. Adults are sedentary and live
close to their summer territories; on the
other hand, young people can disperse for
several kilometers before joining a
pack. Mortality varies considerably from
year to year and appears to be related to
food availability. About 17% of juveniles
survive until the next breeding season; for
adults, the survival rate is 50%.
C onseq u entemente individuals who have
higher learning ability, the most skilled, the
most gifted, can in some occasions certain
ascendancy over the other members of
their group.
As almost everything that the individual
achieves for himself is almost exclusively
the result of his individual effort, one
cannot even expect great architectural
works, or highly elaborated products of this
species without rigid and conglobated
organization, as can be seen in the
observation of species in general , as
in fact occurs in nature; adaptation to the
habitat is not enough, cooperation is
needed; for there to be efficient
cooperation, there must be
organization; for there to be organization
there must be hierarchy; to perform these
functions, each species managed to solve
these problems within their specific
limitations and abilities, as observed in the
red deer population ( Cervus elaphus).
Divided into groups of females and groups
of males, outside the breeding season,
from ten to several hundred
individuals. These last groups are smaller
and less stable (male).
Female groups include both adult females
and their offspring, including male offspring
up to three years old. Females have living
areas with spatial overlap, and groups
freq u entemente if fissionam in matrilinear
subgroups (groups led by older females,
matriarca), which may contain three or
more generations of females to their
offspring.
Under the leadership of one of the older
females this group moves around the living
area; the part of the living area used on a
given day depends on weather
conditions; group survival involves highly
complex interactions between individuals,
groups, environment, needs,
availability and abilities.
At the age of three, young males leave
their mothers and join the male
bands. Adult males move in areas of about
eight km 2 that tend to be peripheral and
slightly superimposed on females. In male
groups the status of each individual
depends on its size and the size of its
horns. During the breeding season, which
starts at the end of December, the males
become aggressive towards each other
and the group breaks up; each male heads
to his preferred mating area. Each male
competes with others for female
possession.
Males roar constantly, control their flocks of
ten to twenty females with their young, and
defend them from other males. Females
generally become fertile in their third year
of life. The most competent males are
around seven years old or more, however,
even these become exhausted during the
process of controlling and defending the
group of females, losing 25% of their
weight and being expelled by other
males. The male does not act as the leader
of his harem; in dangerous situations the
male abandons the female group.
We can see that in such an organized
group there can be selfish and altruistic
behavior, moreover it is confirmed that in
weakly organized groups the
cohesion among members is also very
precarious, resulting in problems for the
elaboration of highly sophisticated
products, and, dangers and greater risks to
survival.
After the breeding season the female/male
group structure is resumed . The horns,
which only grow on males, are lost during
the spring and immediately others start to
grow again. Before giving birth, the females
leave the group, move their offspring away
from previous years and look for isolated
places. The new puppies are kept hidden
for the first seven to ten days during which
the mothers come to them to feed
them. After this period they follow their
mothers, who subseq u entemente meet
the gang. Breastfeeding lasts from eight to
ten months.
It is worth remembering here that
the natural selection process is an
individual, random phenomenon, where
random mutation of genes has not been
confirmed or proposed as a mechanism of
natural evolution in relation to population
selection; natural selection moves towards
guaranteeing the adaptation of individuals
to environmental changes and not to the
survival of groups, as could be immediately
assumed; the unanswered question by
ethologists and evolutionists is: if the
individual behavior of organisms that leads
them to seek group approximation cannot
be genetically predetermined, as it would
be in group selection, if there were, what,
then , make them look for, or form groups
during some moments of their lives?
Studying the species of common Baboons
( Papio cynocepha lus ) from savannas
whose populations are divided into groups
of twenty to two hundred animals, including
several adult males, where normally the
number of adult females is higher than that
of adult males, we see that there are no
animals lonely. Groups are permanent and
cohesive, although young males often
change groups. The structure of the group
does not change with the change of
seasons.
The groups occupy a living area of up to
forty km 2 . The areas of different bands
may overlap but the encounter flocks
is infreq u one, given the trend that groups
must be avoided. Groups sleep in tall trees,
or on rocky cliffs, to stay away from
predators.
At sunrise the animals leave their shelters
and begin their day of travel and feeding. A
lot of the time is d and spendido in search
of food, for which the group spreads out on
the savannah, because as one moves up
the pyramid level trophic the primary
source of energy incorporated into foods
will become increasingly distant of the most
sophisticated and physiologically complex
organisms, that is: the availability and
existence of food will inevitably depend
more and more on the work of other
species, whose food chain can reach
dozens.
Typically younger males occupy peripheral
positions in relation to females and
offspring. Adult males are able to fight off
small predators, but they usually flee with
the rest of the group in search of
safety. Females, after five years,
become sexually receptive for a few days
of their monthly menstrual cycle. Each
female spends most of her life either
pregnant or in lactation, but because
Baboon reproduction is not seasonal, there
are almost always a few females available
in the flock for finishing.
Ten-year-old males compete for access to
females who are promiscuous. Mothers
nurse the puppies for six to eight months
and carry them until they are strong
enough to walk around
independently. Males play little role in
raising the young.
Like the primates of the genus Macaca ,
the core of the group is constituted by a
system of kin of matrilineal genealogy and
a large part of the group's social
interactions occur between
kin; baboons don't recognize the
father. Young females help to care for their
younger siblings, who are the pivot of
intense social interaction. Much of social
behavior is learned, or at least develops
only in environments where social practice
is possible . There is also the occurrence of
a subculture in which groups have
traditional places to sleep and
drink; information on the use of the
environment is guided by the oldest
animals, which can reach twenty years of
age.
Apes, whose intelligence is very similar to
that of humans, do not form large groups,
few tasks are done together, their
intelligence and self-sufficiency allow them
to disdain even, at times, the very
protection that the group provides
them. ; the other question can then be
rephrased to: is this self-sufficiency? It
might be an evolutionary attempt to make
up a much larger number of individuals
more physiologically simplified with
few , however, highly sophisticated
individuals?
Chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) whose
society is not an example of a cohesive
group, having an open structure, in which
we find small temporary groups of up to six
individuals depending on the availability of
food; these individuals traveling together
pel the woods, although freq u entemente
divide the set up and make the meet. This
set can be composed of animals of any
age or sex class, in any combination. The
only rule is that puppies stay with their
mothers.
Solitary animals rivers are also
freq u entemente found. Despite this
fluidity, it is believed that in a given area
the individuals that form these temporary
sets are members of the same community
of up to forty individuals, which contain
several adult males.
D iferentemente baboons these animals
never move together as a unit. The main
evidence of this structure comes from the
fact that in any area it is the same with the
animals that would form the neighboring
communities. Each community is
believed to have a housing area of ten to
twenty km 2 ; some parts of this area are
defended through bloody and even fatal
conflicts, particularly between
males. Within the living area, each male or
female has their favorite areas that are
defended by their owners.
A male can monopolize a female in heat,
but long-term association of couples does
not exist, promiscuity being a rule. Animals
build nests in which they spend the nights,
but they have a permanent base; in this
way mothers carry their children
continuously; mother-child contact is not
interrupted for at least the first three
months of the puppy's life. The period
when the child depends on the mother is
extraordinary; breastfeeding continues until
the puppy is three or even four and a half
years old.
For this reason, these animals are subject
to maintenance in captivity, individually,
unlike an insect that under the same
isolation conditions as its colony would die
in a few hours, provided it lacks the
environment and elements that help to
maintain its metabolism, feeding and
protecting its natural habitat, as its
physiological structure is not prepared to
provide it with the means and resources it
would need for its own subsistence; as
other organic functions were incorporated
into its organic system its complexity would
consequently increase, and also its
physical size: then it would cease to be an
insect.
Thus we saw the birth of the concept of
society, the cooperation of individuals, the
aggregation without cooperation, the
colony where there is physical interaction
between individuals, occasional groups,
contemporary populations of the same
species, the need for communication by
changing the patterns of behavior between
bodies, the need for coordination and
hierarchy.
Another lesson from nature is that in the
war of survival or the conquest of territory,
the greatest number of individuals is worth,
but let's see: the bee has a physiological
structure and a relatively simple size,
compared to a mammal, which is highly
complex, and topping; this brings us to the
question; would it be worth it to be self-
sufficient?
In fact, the problem becomes: how to bring
together sophisticated, almost autonomous
individuals for cooperatively organized
work? Or , through subordination? If this
can be achieved, then we will be very close
to that ideal model stalked by the evolution
of species; Despite be selfish behavior
observed freq u entemente in many
species, producing behave then typical of
solitary individuals, this is a very powerful
and inseparable manner of being higher
animals.
Is altruism then the opposite of self-
sufficiency? We can say that altruism
would be the maximum point of integration
of the individual with the group and, at its
maximum degree, it can reach
symbiosis. Altruism, in this case, is
selfishness in the group, which thus
becomes the group to exercise the function
of individual, and, in this case, stricto
sensu selfishness would be a social
deviation of the individual in relation to the
group , characterizing the individual lonely
a social misfit.
This chance and others inform them how
important community life is and give us
valuable information about the relationship
between living beings, their various types
of interactions and forms of organization,
showing the wealth of solutions that nature
has and exhibits in each this case, seeking
a solution to the same problem that is the
organization of the system of division of
social labor at the ecological level, and in
some cases it can even be noted a strong
 similarity with some forms of organization
of different human civilizations, through the
History, in the various cultures and
ethnicities spread across the continents.
8.3 - Public behavior
As the Political Representation Scenario
Theory of Prof. Dr. Art h ur Venício,the
scenario of social representation consists
of the media 's mass, mainly s video-media
TV and Internet (Y-tube) are in
short , this theory of the PRC, the new test
locus of social behaviors to
Standing garem need to do to travel in
a circle: that begins with a trend and then
the creators of trends puts the media, the
media needs to acceptable will it , digest it
and incorporate it into their daily lives, so
getting the contributions of each step in the
process of acceptance mass this turns
behavior to the modified creator and
transformed then ceases to be a private
trend and goes public, emancipated from
its creator acquires its own identity and
thus emancipate the (s) their (s) author (s) .
The c public omportamento is not individual
creation and is not exclusive, need the
social stamp to pick up, and to
institutionalize ; there is no place or time for
the exotic , daring and solitary whims.
There is nothing more fascinating and
glamorous than fashion . Fashion is seen
as a wave that sweeps away the old, or
transforms the current into the old, and
replaces it with the recent that is or
becomes the new; few resist, it seems like
a cloud that forms without anyone knowing
where it came from or where it is
going. Really?
A new type of fabric pattern, new colors
and an innovative cut with all patterns for
all numbers and body types. Could it be
that the companies and professionals
involved in this extremely expensive and
complex clothing industry are ruled or left
at the mercy of chance?
Well, if these executives from these
companies could guess the next trend, and
prepare themselves in advance to go
ahead of their competitors to produce the
models, it wouldn't be great!
Even better if this new fashion could be
planned calmly and for a long time, and
could be carefully launched, then there
would be time for the paint and pigment
industry to prepare the new colors and inks
and guide their entire production program
in advance, the same would the fabric
industries, fashion designers and clothing
manufacturers would have time to build
their stocks of goods and carefully prepare
the launch of the new fashion with possible
variations and alternatives, then they would
have plenty of time to make the success
catch on. through a series of tricks where
artistic, sporting, political and high profile
people could pull fashion; is this what
happens? Or are these conglobed giants
caught by surprise and put to work
constantly and continuously under the
pressure of demand for random novelties
always one step behind the novelty?
This alternative does not seem logical to
us, this industry is too expensive and too
big to have enough flexibility and agility to
be a fashion follower, on the contrary, its
gigantism indicates that this enormous
power actually directs and drives fashion
and its trends, that is, it produces and
conducts fashion, and the most that can be
expected from it is that it at least listens to
the most important and relevant segments
of society before starting to plan the next
fashion, so that there is a meeting of
interests, at least, otherwise, the system
will sense the weight and size of this giant
and, forcibly, end up bowing to it.
It is a cartel that protects itself from losses
by exercising control over the offer of
launches and options in the market,
monopolizing it in such a way that there is
little space outside this control for
alternatives, since from raw materials
to contracts with suppliers and large buyers
are committed to the project, left for the
independent to piracy or for plagiarism.
However, fashion is an expensive industry
and depends on the buyer's decision to
adhere or not to the news, and this
decision depends on the other contingent
options available in the market at that time
of choice.
Well, if it is possible to control or eliminate
all other fashion alternatives, and if it is
possible to convince the buyer of your
good taste in joining the new mod a then
success is guaranteed.
Would not this the reason for the social
process of fashion is so massifying and so
overwhelming, authoritarian, and
authoritative, forging a public
crypto - autoritári to ?
individual opinion and public opinion
It is necessary to distinguish individual
opinion from public opinion. Opinion is
public when individuals come together
publicly to build an opinion collectively; the
view is individual when built from a drawing
from the pool of va judgments lores that the
individual formula from the information and
impressions he receives from his
environment and that are worked generally
unconsciously and bit racionalizad the ,
through a process of successive
approximations, re-elaborations
and assumptions made by reality[9] .
The opinion formation process, in order to
have the desired effects, must impact the
individual's senses in order to achieve their
sense of values. Marketing and
Propaganda work in this line of
sensitizing the individual, moving away
from appeals to reason and using more
intensely appeals to the
senses. Chakhotine[10] demonstrated his
concern with the specificity of the form of
mass communication, saying: "Intellectuals
immobilized by their outdated
erudition[11] they cannot empathize with
the masses". In this book the author
demonstrates the process of violation of
conscience through propaganda
techniques based or explained by
Pavlovian Psychology. This concern,
proven by this text , leads the author to
analyze and dissecting the true science of
violation of conscience capable of altering
people's will and consequently modifying
their behavior and opinion, based on the
studies of psychologist Pavlov[12] , one of
the pioneers of Psychology .
Based on Pavlov's conditioned reflex
theories[13] behaviorism constituted a
scientific perspective according to which
actions and behaviors can result from the
reaction to lived facts, or, from sensitive
experiences, and not from instincts or
social activities[14] , that is: the reflex-
response results from a process of
replacing rationalization with automatism,
from reflection by habit or reflex-act,
simply.
According to the behavioral model, an
individual has the ability to form
conditioned reflexes (autonomous or
habitual actions and behaviors) from verbal
complexes, which differentiates him from
animals, however, nevertheless, he also
forms reflexes[15] through mechanisms
analogous to those found in animals such
as those demonstrated in Pavlov's famous
experiments with dogs[16] .
What is intended is a way to create
conditioned reflexes from the use of
marketing or advertising techniques.
Advertising is the deliberate use of
methods of persuasion and
other techniques in order to change
opinions in order to influence attitude and
action.[17] .
This term propaganda was first used by
Pope Urban VIII who formed the
Congregation of Propaganda and Faith in
1633.[18]
Advertising is a mechanism designed
to influence our value system. In this
sense, it makes use of myths and
beliefs. The consistent and deliberate
purpose of advertising is to modify or
create myths and legends. Through various
symbol manipulation techniques,
advertising[19] influences n ur attitudes,
opinions and id will the.[20]
Thus, consumer behavior is a mix of
instrumental and emotional rationality,
each requiring an appropriate type of
marketing action and electoral sales
strategy.
 
You cannot fight emotion with logic. It may
even resonate well, but the problem is that
it doesn't work.[21] [...] To win votes, the
candidate must first understand the times
he is living in to know the real concern of
voters. The candidate has to know himself
well, his qualities and defects, in order to
be good about himself. You need to
develop a great ability to communicate with
people so that they can understand you
quickly. It is impossible for a good politician
not to communicate well. [22] [...] You have
to be able to think quickly and also have
ready reactions, besides everything you
need to be lucky. [23]
 
The aggregation effect of individual
opinions
It is necessary to consider the aggregation
effect of the opinions formed individually as
a result of the group effect . Interesting
conseq u ences were observed and
studied from two theoretical lines that
have analyzed this phenomenon. The first
considers that the group effect, or
aggregation effect, results in the sum of
individual influences, represented by
the school of methodological
individualism; the other strand, neo-
institutionalist, analyzes the unanticipated
and even contradictory effects of the
aggregation of individual influences,
modifying or opposing the result expected
by individual agents.
The process of forming an individual
opinion
To assess the formation of individual
opinion was chosen as theoretical fulcrum
initially utilitarianism because this fits in
individuali category smo methodological
par excellence, because , based on the
pre emissa that an individual utilitarian
makes a distinction between what is good
or bad for you just based on the effect it
causes you.
Late 18th century intellectuals such as
Bentham[24] , recreated[25] this concept to
defend a particular view of political order in
a phase of Encyclopedism. The ethical
issue shifts from society to the individual,
from the absolute to the relative, within this
utilitarian conception. All that one must do
to make decisions, according to the
utilitarian perspective, is a calculation
between costs and benefits in the search
for the maximization of happiness and
base decisions on this principle.
The political system as an opinion
maker
Contrary to the utilitarian concept
sist emetic center in the political system all
responsibility for the dministration of the
interests of individuals. The political system
assumes the prerogative of the arbitrary
distribution of values or their suppression
for the benefit of the systemic social
order. The concept of political system
involves the designation of
environment variables and value
variables. In this particular approach, the
term political system will be given a specific
meaning, called political behavior system,
thus considering the premises of this
theoretical approach:
1. Political system[26] . - It is the group of
agents that have the prerogative to allocate
values arbitrarily to members (political
actors) of the environment. "It is useful to
see political life as a system of
behavior[27] . " Therefore, the social
system is concerned with the formulation
and reformulation of the opinion of the
members of the para - political subsystem .
2.Environment. - It is everything that is
external to the political system. "The
system is distinguishable from the
environment and is influenced by
this[28] . "Everything outside the political
system constitutes
the para - political subsystem .
3.Answer. - It is the arbitrary allocation of
values by the political system; in this
process, the political system seeks to
influence public opinion through its
allocations. "The ability of a system to
persist in the face of pressure is a
function of the presence and nature of
information and other influences that return
from its members to those who make the
decisions[29] ."
4.Return. - It is the political system's way of
verifying the effects caused to the
environment by its arbitrary allocations
of values. Opinion plays a vital role in this
feedback process, as it is from the
assessment of returns that the political
system can estimate the effect of the
aggregation of individual opinions that
members have on the political
system. "The changes n the structures and
processes within a system can be usefully
interpreted as constructive or alternative
efforts of the members of the system to
harmonize and monitor the pressures of
the environment and their own internal
sources of pressures to the system[30] ."
5. Demand - is the way the members of the
para - political subsystem express opinions
for the political system in the perspective
that the political system responds to their
problems in the form of value allocations.
6.Intra - demand - demand is generated
within the political system itself.
A system can be defined, in a generic way,
as a set of parts that form a coherent whole
with itself, in which these parts keep a
strong correlation with each other. It is not
just any coherent set of parts that make up
a system, it is necessary that a system be
assigned a function, objective and
purpose. The parts that make up a system
are conditioned by interactions between
individuals whose analytical character
requires us to make abstractions in order to
discriminate political behavior in relevance
to other types of behavior, in this context of
justification in particular.
The problem of characterizing a system is
not completed only in definitions. One of
the tests to confirm this characterization is
the test of social and political
interactions. The political system is
responsible for the authoritarian and
coercive distribution of social values in the
sense of depriving, preventing or allowing
access of one or other people or groups to
these values[31] . The test of the
interactions test does not in itself ensure
the existence of the social system, as the
social system includes all subgroups and
subsystems of society. The social system
in a society is the most inclusive behavioral
system for the authoritarian allocation of
values[32] , and the systems included are
called para - political subsystems . It is in
the para - political sphere that the
members of the social system perceive
these values and individually or collectively
make an evaluative assessment of the
arbitrary allocations of the political system
from which opinions are formulated,
constructed, ratified and rectified to
become demanded in the continuous
systemic cycle.
Like any analytical process, the systemic
also consists of a methodological
simplification of reality through the artifice
of eliminating aspects that are not an
object of interest from the perspective of
cognitive observation, providing a degree
of abstraction compatible with the
phenomenon one wishes to observe and
study, preserving the elements that keep
relationship with the phenomenon so
conseq u one, supplementary,
complementary, causal, necessary,
sufficient, co - adjutório, accessory,
collateral, and sister.
Within this systemic analytical perspective,
the concepts of function and role are the
two main building blocks of the theoretical
referential matrix (analytical ontological
categories). Functions represent schemes
that identify certain behavior of institutions
in the political system; the pap i s
are conceptual schemes that identify
certain behaviors attributed to the political
actors of the social system and subsystem
for - politicians who are occupied by
persons or political actors: its members.
Deterministic opinion formation
The critique of the system made by
structuralists from complex bases, within a
historicist-determinist view, supported by
the dialectical method, in an attempt to
outline an explanation for the system of
behavior and opinion formation by
members of a certain type of society called
capitalist, was built around some analytical
categories by which the opinions of
individuals are prior to them, as they are
determined by the economic condition,
which is only reproduced within a value
system based on the exploitation of the
productive force by the holders of the
capital, because , according to this
theoretical perspective, in capitalism the
ruling class expropriates from the majority
class the right to its opinion and to the
control of its will, preventing it from
exercising the right to the formation of
opinion. Through the control of capital, the
ruling class formulates the limits of
standard behavior, through the control they
exercise in society through the private
apparatus of hegemony, where through the
media it conforms and homogenises
opinion; the intellectual conformation takes
place through the school; repression is
carried out through the judiciary and its
police, and survival is provided through the
exploitation of wage labor, leaving the
majority class totally inert and unaware of
the state of exploitation and dependence to
which it is subjected in the capitalist
system.
In this system, the economy forms the
substrate (infrastructure) where economic
forces develop, whereas in
the superstructure the capitalist system
manages the complex of rules, beliefs and
values of society according to the interests
of the ruling class, leaving no room for
options that are not in the interests of the
capitalist mode of production.[33]
The process of aggregating opinions
The problem of opinion formation is not
restricted to the debate between
rationalists, systemic and socialists. These
are joined by the neo-institutionalists with
their vision centered on collectivism.
Neo-institutionalism was born to
transcend the paradigm of rational choice,
beginning its paradigmatic construction
with one of the most expensive principles
of rational choice, then diverging
and overcoming it . For this reason, the first
point to be highlighted concerns the
motivation of the individual
rational agent . The foundations fixed in
methodological individualism that guide
actions as the primum movens of the
individual agent is the desire to obtain
selfish advantages, which is the basic
hypothesis used to justify the motivation
that makes people formulate a certain
opinion. This premise recalls the principle
of rational choice, of utilitarianism, which is
why it is paradoxical.
arrows[34] and McKelvey[35] prove that
this premise of radical individualism leads
to indeterminacy, more than that, to an
impossibility due to the fact that given "a
certain configuration of individual opinions,
the decision between, say, three options
may not be transitive."[36] The most
important part of this theorem is that
although opinions are known, their
aggregation may be totally unknown, or
unpredictable. It means, above all, that the
individual who has the power to manipulate
the agenda, in a system of collective
decisions, can determine the final result
regardless of the individual opinions of the
participants, even if he obeys the majority
rule.
McKelvey marks his position by confirming
Arrows' theorem with the theorem known
as the Chaos, or everything is possible,
theorem. Taking the premise that the
individual will always choose the alternative
that is closest to his ideal point, one can
always suggest a conveniently attractive
point between the two alternatives, the
current and the ideal, closer to one of
them, and so on and on and on. u nentially
lead the individual, step-by-step, away from
their initially intended ideal point . In this
way, the organizer of the agenda can take
the decision wherever he wants,
manipulating the criterion of the ideal
choice of each individual.
The conclusion that can be reached, latu
sensu , is that the aggregation of individual
opinions will not always express the sum of
these, redefining the concept of
market[37] as a place for collective
decision-making, undermining the
analytical categories of Marxism based
on class conditions , which, as we have
seen, are concepts very dear to
socialists . For socialists, opinions are part
of the economic condition, because in the
capitalist system the most powerful
instruments of class domination are the
political, economic and social institutions
that are designed to defile and distort
the opinions of the majority class for the
benefit of the minority class. This distortion
process would materialize through the use
of private devices of hegemony that range
from ideological domination in schools, the
instrumentalization of the media
through the scenario of political
representation[38] , having the support of
the entire apparatus of the legislative and
judiciary power, culminating in the
executive, called by Karl Marx the
committee to defend the interests of the
bourgeoisie. Therefore, in the capitalist
system the whole process of opinion
formation is vitiated by class interests. The
only way out envisaged by the socialists is
a complete break with the entire capitalist
system.
In the case of public decisions, ie, those
decisions that have private conseq u ences
for ALE m from the private sphere, have
become severe and unexpected
conseq u ences implications and the public
sphere. In his doctoral thesis Habermas
defines the public sphere as "... Sphere of
private persons gathered in a public: they
claim this public sphere regulated by
authority, but directly against authority
itself, in order to discuss general laws with
it of exchange in the fundamentally private
but publicly relevant sphere, the laws of the
exchange of goods and social work". [39]
What happens in the real world is what will
be discussed below. These premises run
into two obstacles to materialize: first, there
is always the possibility that opinions in
society are distributed in such a way as to
neutralize the effects predicted by Arrow
and McKelvey " preference induced
equilibrium ", and secondly, second
Shepsle[40] , the achievement of
equilibrium by interference of the
institutions themselves " structure induced
equilibrium " is the other real possibility,
that is, the political system can allocate
values arbitrarily, according to the systemic
aspect, but actively and not only reactive.
The conclusion most accepted by neo-
institutionalists is that institutions intervene
in the formation of public opinion
directly . Unlike systemics, neo-
institutionalists credit institutions with an
active role and not a reactive role as in
Dahl's systemic models.[41] and
Easton, ipsu facto institutions not only play
an active role but are also
autonomous, inducing balance and going
beyond, determining the substantive
political outcome, defining stricto sensu the
institution function as "set of rules, laws,
procedures , norms, institutional and
organizational arrangements that imply the
existence of constraints and limits to
behavior".[42]
The process of contingent opinion
formation
The opinion formation process can be seen
from a relational approach when the
individual opinion is formulated from the
expectations that the individual has
from society in relation to his opinion; that
is: the individual wants to know what
society's opinion is in relation to his
opinion, in the process of formulating his
individual opinion. This process differs from
the formation of public opinion because the
individual does not express his opinion to
society, he only makes an assessment of
society's opinion in relation to his opinion
only based on the expectations he has in
relation to society and based on the
behavior of society in relation to their
history in society.
The id will be to use game theory arises
from the need to structure analytically and
chronologically movements (actions) that
are made during the competition for votes
in the electoral process seen in the
perspective of a game.
Game Theory[43] (TJ) aims to study the
process of selecting strategies that can
lead the player to an endgame ( Play-off ).
A game is made up of two opponents who
fight for the same objective that can only
be achieved by one of them.
A game of two opponents can have several
participants, among them chance, as, for
example, in a game of poker.
The first book on Game Theory was
released in 1944 by John Von Neumann
assisted by Oscar Morgenstern in which
they tried to create a mathematical
theory for economics. This book is called:
" Theory of Games and Economic
Behavior[44] ”.
In a game, the action of each opponent
must be guided by the notion of rationality.
[45] Here in TJ rationality will be taken as
a maximizing function of
each player's expectations regarding
the dependent variable utility . That each
strategic choice mode is an attempt to
maximize, so each strategic choice will
contain an expectation to get the best
result, this because in a game "The results
collected by each depends not only on
their actions , but , also the decisions of the
3rd"[46] , and the expected results as a
reward for each action have an intrinsic
value that depends on the utility that each
person attributes to the reward. Hence the
concept of utility . For example: a
debenture, a promissory note or a share of
a company only has value when it can be
liquidated, before that there is only the
expectation of a right to the fiduciary
title. This is why the concept of value is
inconvenient when applied to the earnings
perspective. The concept of utility is more
appropriate to describe this situation.
The fashion industry is a critical example of
the conglobe's limit force, where the
success of this industry depends on a
product whose acceptance depends only
on the will, opinion and decision of the
consumer, and the fashion cartel to bend
the will of the consumer it uses the
resources of advertising, that of
identification with the majority, the main
convincing argument, after all, who resists
public censorship , who wants to be out of
fashion?
Fashion is a radical call for the individual to
adhere to the system through the
identification of social codes, so there
are laws that cannot be violated: skirt for
women, lipstick for women, underwear for
men, pink for women, they do not exist
impunity for the different, for the
singular; what is different is ugly, what is
beautiful is uniformity, conformity,
integration, even if by segmenting
preferences and social codes based on
sex, age, geographic location , education,
profession, income and ethnicity, where
within each segment, standardization by
stratification should be practiced, which is
still an appeal to the individual to
 participate in the social and political
system.
The ideal would be for each individual to
choose their own fashion, but the mass
fashion industry is not yet prepared for this,
for now this appeal to the common will be
the password for the punishment of those
who want to be different, will have to pay a
high price for it. boldness.
8.4 - Intimate behavior
Many discoveries to make, many new
situations, new evil desires understood,
new demands physiological s , emotional
and sexual, uncontrollable forces much
more poignant than hunger and
thirst dominate your body and mind, and
can not be mitigated or subjugated, they
are beyond their capacity for autonomy,
they take full control of their body
and mind ; What to do now, then, with the
tyranny of desires , with the imposition and
agony of lust and desire, with the
abstinence syndrome and
with the total incontinence of desire?
Sex is no longer a source of pleasure and
becomes an agony of satisfaction of an
animal impulse dominating and controlling
involuntary gestures, betrayed by the look,
the incontinence of instincts, the erection
in completely inconvenient times and
places , by sweating, by the tumescence
and production of liquids and pasty, oily
and gooey humours, odors revealing the
active hormonal activity and preparatory to
the genital hunt.
So who can reach out to relieve es s and
stormy suffering cowardly takes full control
of the mind and only goes away when well
either, coming without warning and without
asking permission.
 Good to know that all adults we've been
through this, and we survived it all, you will
also co nsegu í it without turning into
a zombie's desire, without transform the r
in a compulsive addict. It's like a volcanic
eruption, it's very strong, it's sudden, it's
violent, but it's brief, and it's fleeting.
8.5 - Group behavior
Group behavior also known as Band
Wagon, or cattle behavior, is atavistic
to homo sapiens and is lost in the origins
of civilization. The same happens in all of
nature where indicators previously
mentioned in this text give us signs that it is
a rule that is difficult to break in nature due
to the critical mass factor that has a lot to
do with the capacity and the possibility of
survival of the species as belonging to a
particular ecoenvironment in the
microecological geosphere. It is the
essence of the definition of a social and
environmental system .
8.6 - Behavior at parties
It constitutes the main stage of
presentation and representation of status
achieved during all the moments in which
this moment is being prepared.
It is the true ultimate test of social status,
where no mistake or improvisation goes
unpunished. It is the moment of final proof
of the being's social ability as
social and gregarious.
8.7 - Behavior at the beach or club
This environment invites excesses,
because nothing seems to be able to be
hidden or disguised, everything is very real,
the light, the body, everything is exposed,
everything on display.
Discretion and calm, no curiosity or
indiscreet verbal remarks. Facts and
 images are more than enough. It's the
ultimate test.
9 – Addictions       
9.1 - Cigarettes
Vices are called social,
socially encouraged and they bring an
evaluative social burden that
exceeds m any understanding or former
social context explanation, only in the
social circle can be evaluated and
comprises one course standalone mandato
ry d and coercion and duress.
It is a test lasts in social gration, and
requires to choose definitive s to all life,
with conseq u ences indicating costs and
losses, revaluation of the position in the
group and family commitments, personal,
and that extends beyond the group
membership immediate indicative of status,
it crosses the inter - group sphere ,
exacerbating the conflicts between the
individual and the options he makes for
each loyalty commitment to each group to
which he is affiliated.
9.2 - Drinks
Drugs are often stigmatized by society ,
but has origins an cestrais in the rituals of
primitive man in prehistoric ancestors
proto-religions used in celebration rituals,
healing and summoning powers s the bre-
humans, fetishes and animism s and even
religions and current psychosocial
rites as the Santo Daime , finally, the drugs
raise the standard of cerebral abstraction
to a trance not limited to the entrance ritual
in contact with magical
forces , metaphysical, and s otéricas to
bring in the feeling of transcendence over
limited human nature a.
 It is an attempt to try to control
superhuman powers, how would
Nietzsche s che, try to find the superman,
the u the superhuman within the
mortal , limited and fragile human face of
the possibilities of contact with the powerful
forces of cosmogon would in the universe.
But this extremely compromising
experience for health neural may have
conseq u very serious and duradoras
ences up. Among the primitive tribes
es s and contact with
substances hallucinogenic is restricted to
paj are, healers and guides spy rituals
that are supposed to know to make your
way back from the breakneck
psychotropics.
Drugs less invasive of the psyche as
alcohol ingested in small and few
doses allow make the time to break down
inhibitions and help m to withstand the
pressure of the social representation
scenery , help m to support the demands of
social etiquette and transcend the
limitations and psychosocial fears breaking
barriers are used sparingly and
ass i given. The which requires self-control,
maturity and training ps icológico.
9.3 - Drugs
Due to the high possibility of access no
longer controlled by religion and
observance mystics from which
originated the hallucinogenic drug, its
consumption and its discovery, now , the
hallucinogenic drug pulled away and was
separated from the c írculo where did when
it was part a religious or mystical ritual
within narrow circles d and esotericism, to
be now in contemporary society , an
instrument roubad the the rituals having
become an end in itself, the search for a ps
state íquico changed as simple escape
from reality without no worries , a mystical
sense, and s otérico or religious.
It would be analogous, if we could
compare , as if a Muslim stole the
sacrament of the sacred wafer from
Catholics at Mass and introduced them into
their daily lives as a morning
snack, enjoyed with butter or peanut
butter and sold in the markets as a treat ,
it would be considered by the Catholics as
a desecration of their holiest ritual,
so we the did , the Western , with
indigenous rites and rientais who
introduced the alucin ógenos as an
inseparable part of their sacred mystical
rituals, we Westerners the profaned,
and profaned chocolate that it was a
drink of a
ritual Sagrad the the Aztecs , now
Transformers the in delicacy and
ve Ndid the shelves of supermarkets and
even in the most unimaginable places
profane for the priests Aztecs .
We also did so with tobacco, of indigenous
origin, with Ayahuasca, with Epadu, with
coca from the Aztec highlands, with
the sacred opium for the Indians, with the
sacred hashish for the Hindus, we
improperly appropriate religious rites and
habits cultures of other civilizations and we
misrepresent them.
This is what we did with Yoga, which is a
part of the religion of the Vedas in India,
and we transformed Yoga into a physical
exercise of relaxation and physical
conditioning, for the Vedas, Yoga is part of
the sacred ritual of seeking nirvana,
thus , from profanation to profanation
mystic rituals and the sacred multiple - use
and are being transformed
into merchandise s
for consumption are vandalized d our cons
 umer and immediacy without superficial in
meanings to landfilling, source and to
the consequences and
importance are sacred of course to the
other .
9.4 - games
Games to work really as one
among you nimento pr ecisam of complicity
(poetic license) and a celebration of tacit
agreement between the player and the
game, without which the imagination that is
the part integral most important simulation
of situations and emotions of the game is
left out of the procedure
making it impossible for the
game to rise from the imagination of reality
simulation to the virtual reality intended by
the game.
Playing is playing with invented reality, they
are simulated emotions that make the brain
transform into real situations what only
exists in the abstract and unreal world,
isolating the boundaries between the
imagined world and the reality of reality, in
such a faithful representation of the re a lity
that you can easily lose track of boundaries
between reality invented and concrete
reality . As in any game or competition , for
example, my team becomes me, any threat
to my team is a
threat to my physical integrity and my
values. All immune systems, all systems
self - protection and self - preser vation
physical and ps e qu i ca are activated , as
would happen in a defensive situation limit
the preservation of survival . Gambling is
itself a psychic violation. It's brain rape.
The brain cannot differentiate the
simulation of danger from
the playful reality of the game and reacts to
threats with equal intensity to those real
threats. This is the emotion sought after in
 the game, but not always understood as a
simulation of danger.
9.5 – Hobbies and preferences (manias, pets)
Hobbies are preferences dese nvolvidas or
invented from a simulation of a microcosm
where the fusion of reality and fantasy is
easy m being the limit and
sometimes breaks turning into pathology
when you lose the notion of representation
of reality and the thing takes the place of
the real and concrete in the life of
the aficionado, replacing all reality with a
little world represented by fetishes and
inanimate objects devoid of humanity.
9.6 - Fanaticisms
Fanaticisms are super -r epresentações of
idealizations seeking pr eencher the
demands of values and the desire not fully
satisfied by other materials and sentimental
means.
Without understanding the values accepted
socially n the circle fanaticism creates itself
even is but self - representation and
self - justification that only make sense
within their own understanding of
the system of representation and its own
model of reality not making no sense to
other views and other esoteric attempts
perception of its reality outside your own
text river  context the justification out of its
principles and concepts.
Unable to combat the arguments of
emotional types , religious and passionate
with logical type of arguments, because the
logical arguments are refutable, that is
to order the main sponge abstract rational
gene, the s deterministic arguments
and the s type s deductivist belong to a
transcendental category of concepts
primitiv the s Quality and are only accepted
in scientific circles for lack of a better
 argument and because of its constructs
after osteriori. It is the apothegms,
or aphorisms, which in Mathematics are
represented by theorems , corollaries or by
philosophical syllogisms .
9.7 - Collections (pet objects)
How to analyze the human compulsion to
collect objects, things, feelings, people,
desires, if the act of collecting leads us to
analyze the economy of savings , which
involves the notion of property.
Who best dissected this human
phenomenon for the first time in the
philosophical and political history of society
was the Frenchman Jean Jacque s
Rousseau in his essay on human nature.
In summary: when the primitive being
stopped being a simple wandering hunter
and gatherer of food , nomad, migrant and
began to accumulate foodstuffs, he began
to realize that he could surround a piece of
ground and say "this is mine" then without
realizing it it created society, it created the
need for a state, it created the need for a
government, and it initiated competition for
social status.
It would be impossible to speak of property
without to talk about social status, the
property is one institute against the
community, it is an institution against close
relative: if I had iff sure that the mine would
like to share the commons there would
be the need for the right of property.
The right to property was born out of
selfishness and distrust among human
beings. Thus was born the id i the territory,
property and rights.
Even in the small world of collectors there
is an attachment to tangible and intangible
goods and things that has haunted our
 civilization since human beings became
sedentary and stopped being a wandering
hunter and settled permanently to be a
sedentary owner.
Collecting has become a lifestyle and make
sense of behavior social binding until there
are laws on inheritance and the cr ime
d to squander tion of the heritage of so
- called prodigal who distribute their goods
without consideration some material for
non-heirs .
10 – The Future  
10.1 - Career Pr i ssional          
This is the best time to think about the
futur the . You can run a series
of simulations based on different models.
The promising professions today will
become tomorrow those in fatigue,
because of the laws of supply and
demand , are the economic cycles
of K ondratieff[47] : high salaries today
attract more people who will
invest in studies so that within 10 to 15
years already on the market, they will
reestablish the lower market value for
salaries now raised by the excess supply of
labor restoring the wage equilibrium that
today creates the positive distortion,
equilibr walk the values again wage
market down .
Because the high salaries of today
indicate lack of supply of hand labor that
ends up attracting more people
to be exhausted by the demand overvalued
hand labor today balancing to back down,
and so forth repeating the cycle .
A good strategy would be to look for the
new s professions that promise
to create new fields of work, and those old
professions in low today that can not be
 replaced by the market in the future and
can be recovered in the future the salary
figures by the same process of the supply
mechanism and of the demand for labor .
Structural changes handheld
market - of - work are those changes that
technology ultimately eliminate
capacity competition hand human -of-work
by the hand labor human became too
expensive compared to automated
production or because even though human
labor is even cheaper than technological,
the product produced by machines has
infinitely incomparable quality to that
produced by human labor, so in these
cases the replacement of human labor
depends only a purely political and
circumstantial decision.
In case of absolute lack of conditions to be
able to take a decision on the
future profissiona l output is to do what you
like professionally, few people in the world
work in what you like and at the same time
can be very well paid: or does the that you
like, or, if you earn a lot of money in what
you don't necessarily have to do .
After all, if you do what you like and
whether you are financially successful or
not , you are guaranteed the fulfillment of
what you do, and this alleviates
professional , financial and
existential difficulties .
10.2 - Parent plans          
Parents
push too in s esc looks s professions of
children mostly based on two concepts:
a) they want to see projected onto their
children what he wanted to do/ be and
failed;
 b) seeks m let the children involved in the
future in professional activities
of high prestige socia l and economic.
If these are the cases , the guidance to
follow would be that of the previous item,
because the emotional cannot override the
proposed conjunctural analysis.
Only contingent factors could change the
plans, with , for example, material and
economic limitations can only be overcome
with a lot of willpower and heroic deeds
and this is rarely found in ordinary people.
After the IT era, it seems that the era of
biotechnology and nanotechnology is
coming, check it out...
10.3 - Pressure soci al          
The pressure will be social is critical in
that it creates and validates the social
status, without the society and its social
value system there would be no need to
work beyond the need for survival, any
activity remunerated would be
and quivalente, but that is not What
happens: there is a scale of prestige
among the professions in which the salary
value is only one of the important variables,
the most important of the variables is the
social importance that is attributed in the
scale of values by
the profession exercised in society.
We are provisioned considering the choice
or option that we poss is to
assume one place in society
generally ess the position we are already
reserved in soci edade by our inherited
class status of circunstânc historical
ias personal, family and biographical , it is
deterministic .
There is little room for us to
make our choices, as they are already
predetermined by our previous trajectory
that begins with our genealogy, so
qualitative leaps are exceptional and must
be seen as a result of individual effort,
given the antecedent conditions, the
probabilities of changing fate are very slim.
We live in a world of social
castes disguised as liberal-capitalism.
The caste system was observed in ancient
Greece and China, but India was where
this system was most fully expressed.
Indian society began to organize itself into
castes and subcastes over three thousand
years ago, adopting a hierarchy based on
religion, ethnicity, color, heredity and
occupation. All these factors are taken into
account to define the castes.
These elements define the organization of
political power and the distribution of
wealth generated by society.
This system was officially banned in 1950,
but it survives on the strength of
tradition. As capitalism advances in India,
the caste system is expected to mix with
the system of economic social classes and
gradually disintegrate.
The caste system of India is an important
social division in society Hindu , not only
in India but in Nepal and other countries
and populations of Hindu religion. Although
generally identified with Hinduism, the
caste system has also been observed
among followers of other religions in
the Indian subcontinent , including some
groups of Muslims and Christians.
The Indian Constitution rejects
discrimination on the basis of caste , in
line with Western liberal democratic
and secular capitalist principles that
 founded the contemporary post-colonial
Indian nation.
Caste barriers have ceased to exist rigidly
and conspicuously in large cities, but they
persist mainly in the country's countryside
and among conservative families.
Castes and Divisions in India

 
Def ine is as caste hereditary social group
in which the condition of the individual
passes from father to son. The group
is endogamous , that is, each member can
only marry people from his or her
own group.
 the B râmanes (Priests and literate)
born head Brahma;
 the Sh atria (warriors) were born from
the arms of Brahma);
 the V aixás (traders) were born from the
legs of Brahma) ; 
 the S udras (servants, peasants,
artisans and workers) were born to the feet
of Brahma.
On the fringe of this social structure were
the lambs, which came from the dust under
Brahma's foot. Best known as outcasts ,
without caste, they were considered the
 most attracted to all castes. Today they are
called haridchens , haryens , dalit ,
or untouchables . Over time, there were
hundreds of subdivisions, which keep
multiplying.
 Brahmin: the B Rahmin represent the
top of the Indian social
ladder. They represent only 15% of the
population and are highly respected. They
are philosophers, priests and teachers .
 Kshatriya: are as subordinates
of B Rahmin. Their functions
are directly linked to political and military
means, they are also respected by the lower
classes.
 Vaishas: The functions of the V aishas
are restricted to agriculture and trade,
therefore, they are an extremely important
caste.
 Shudras: Like the V aishas, it's not a
top cast , but it's essential. Composed of
workers, artisans and peasants. They
gained permission to know
the Hindu teachings a short time ago. 
 Dalit: Dalits are not part of the official
castes, they are more like a
clandestine. They are considered D alits all
those who violated the caste system, which
"pay" the price of this violation with work in
sewers, waste management and killed. A
person lowered to D alit le va with all his
descendants. It is considered the most
wronged class in India.
 Jatis: are people who do not fit into any
of the castes mentioned above. A J ati
generally exerts the function inherited their
progenitors, which is never a pro prominent
fission, for example. But as the D alits, not
part of the "official" system of castes.
 
Caste membership is defined simply by
birth. A fierce belief in reincarnation makes
Hindus believe that the merits earned in
past lives that determine the caste in which
the individual was born po r so there is no
problem if you act according to what they
consider the "divine justice." There is no
forgiveness, no spiritual growth possible in
this life.
Disobedience to caste rules such as
refusing an arranged marriage
causes the individual to be disconnected
from the caste in which he was born. And
as he cannot, under any circumstances, be
part of another caste, technically that
person becomes an “outcast” or “outcast”,
which, as seen, is the worst imaginable
fate for any Indian citizen. In many places,
especially in the countryside, this may
mean that this person will not be able to
continue to work and live in society, but will
become for the rest of their life a kind of
human waste that is mercilessly despised
by everyone, from religious to agnostic .
This reminds us of the beliefs we cultivate
in our Western Christian capitalist
liberalism that people are free to prosper
and those who don't get rich are blamed for
their laziness and self-disinterest , and that
they should work hard to get rich , and
believe that the rich are blessed by their
effort and intelligence.
So we believe that, in general, the capitalist
system is fair and pays well for all the effort
of hard and honest work .
In the same way that in the Hindu religion
there are neo-Pentecostal religions that
preach the cure of illnesses and the cure of
poverty as a spiritual reward for their
personal merits, such as donating money
and goods to the Church in the name of
their priests , and that poverty and disease
are aspects of the same spiritual evil that
sinners suffer without the spiritual
cleansing ministered by divine
representatives.
Any resemblance to Hindu beliefs?
A cross-sectional analysis of India's caste
system makes us aware that this and any
other cultural systems do not exist in a
vacuum, and none of them are empty and
useless. Every cultural system arose and
evolved within conditions, conditions,
conjunctures, constructs, times, needs for
social controls, influences, cultural and
scientific accumulation, religions, economy,
natural resources, constraints,
circumstances, limitations, potentials,
ideologies, philosophies ,
contingencies and teleology.
What determines an individual's future in
any society?
These are the conditions that are already
given to them, plus the circumstances of
the social environment and a little of their
individual potential. Nothing but luck, of
course (a bit of chance, if you will).
It would be difficult, and it would be
very fictional, to suppose that the son of an
industrial sausage maker wanted to
become an automobile manufacturer.
By inheriting the sausage factory empire,
he inherits, in addition to social prestige,
the intangible capital of the traditional
sausage brand , he inherits incalculable
wealth in specific huge capitals that are:
network of supply suppliers to produce
sausages, network of distributors of their
products, so , automatically he finds
himself compelled, even obliged, to
continue the inherited sausage
business. What's the difference to a caste
system?
A son of a great football player has
inherited from his parent, for free, the entire
network of contacts, from sponsors, the
agenda of promoters and sponsors linked
to the business of football in various states,
municipalities, capitals, metropolises,
countries, transnational multilateral
institutions , banks, merchants, celebrities,
mass media, to the admiration of fan clubs,
fanatics; and what to do with all s these
capital ta ngíveis and intangible: following
surgeon's career, or lawyer? Unless you
were going to pursue a career as a sports
surgeon or sports lawyer, it would be a
huge waste of time and money, a fool !
Wouldn't this be a contradiction , economic
loss, to throw away all this intellectual,
financial, human, social capital on a simple
whim? Then the youth is compelled by the
conditions imposed by inheritance to
pursue similar and related careers; doesn't
this remind us of India's caste system ?
Where is the rationality of the caste
system?
In the same way as the disinherited youth,
or without capital to inherit, without a name
and without a past, providing them with a
viable prospect of following a promising
future, resembling in the liberal capitalist
system an outcast or a Dalit, without a
future, condemned to small jobs in order to
study and manage to project himself in the
world of work or arts or sports based on his
own individual effort, he is cast on his own
luck in the capitalist world .
The liberal capitalist world has learned to
welcome and encourage the children of
“the knows-who-you-are-talking to” to
continue the economic and intellectual
activities of their ancestors, so it is hoped
that the descendants of Jorge Ama 's
continue with all the doors open, wide
open, the book publishers to hope that one
of them should write some ( foolishness )
intelligible asnice, ready to be revised and
steroids for a ghost writer, since load built
the so famous brenome from the ancestral,
in the same way the music media labels
are eagerly waiting for some musical
descendant of Caetano Veloso, Gilberto
Gil, with great luck, who knows even with a
meager talent that is a descendant of Fábio
Jr. or Rob erto Carlos to fulfill with the
desideratum that is in the collective
unconscious of the invisible castes that
exist in our sub-culture, subliminally.
We living our simulation democracy
d and perpetual caste, subliminal,
entrenched in Lattice Brazilian social ra
metaphorized in hereditary social classes
of: farmers, homeless, landless, maids,
doctors, engineers, merchants, bankers,
rentiers, teachers, artists, beauticians,
technologists, drivers, taxi drivers,
notaries , civil servants, politicians,
hoteliers, bakers, butchers, aviators,
aeronauts, fishermen, contraveners, street
vendors, kiosk dealers, street vendors,
salesmen, traveling salesmen, goldsmiths,
tapestry makers, masons , musicians,
promoters, sportsmen, jurists, lawyers,
accountants, administrators, motorists,
inspectors, police, military, religious,
nurses, mechanics, electricians,
hairdressers, barbers, armorers, jewelers,
photographers, newsboys, journalists,
doctors, advertisers, brokers ,
confectioners, cooks, waiters, artisans,
glaziers, mechanical rescuers, workshop
workers, shopkeeper wholesalers, fleet
owners, carpenters, furniture makers,
industrialists, tractors, homemakers,
dealers, bicheiros, samba dancers,
rockers , sailors, smugglers, prostitutes,
 unionists, model models, clerks,
watchman, collector, driver.
Because the inheritance that individuals
have received in view of the survival
circumstances they are given
are destiny determinisms given by
compulsory inheritances: material,
immaterial, intangible, tangible, financial,
prestige, network of contacts, social
agenda, contracts, trust, fame ,
expectations, customers, suppliers,
supporters, friends form a set
extremely strong enough to determine the
fate of the heir, definitively, inflexibly and
hopelessly tied and committed to the past.
10.4 – Vocation          
Following a vocation for choosing a
profession requires consulting specialists
in vocational tests , and a lot of insight into
what you are going to invest for the rest of
your life.
The choice of heart does not always
coincide with the innate abilities indicated
by the vocational test, so inclination or
personal ambition can lead to a bias in
destiny.
Because of contingent factors mentioned in
the discussion of caste and factors we
carry as family heritage vocation is one
little s things that can change this
determinism inherited destiny.
Everything is already predestined for you
so what can be changed depends on
fortuitous circumstances and luck.
10.5 - Desires and aspirations          
10.6 – Dedication, obsession          
10.7 - Nerds (CDF's)          
10.8 - Artists, alienated , apathetic          
11 – The seduction  
11.1 - The boys' physical explosion          
11.2 – Girls' sexual inappetence          
Mu lheres have enormous cultural barrier
to solve sexually in society ,
comportament the this-induced social
system itself . Of course I'm talking about
the pre-Funk generation Rio , would
drop the era of dance "little mouth-the-
bottle" , those mul heres and girl s of
the previous era when not to bore
the s pussy in the Funk rituals and that hid
(tapavam -on modestly with bags, scarves
and packages) the groin when wearing
pants and shorts.
But that is past.
Of the nearly 70 women I've had
relationships with for about 40
years and d among whom I married four of
them, only six went to bed and had first-
rate orgasms, the other 64 women took an
average of 6 years of sexual intercourse
(sexual act full)  until they release
themselves fully (both body and
soul) sexually , and reach orgasm.
Love and sex have not always walked
together in the history of civilizations, as
romantic love emerged just over two
centuries ago.
Sexuality has physiological act for
rit the social, surrounded by có say s moral
conduct, ethical and social that is
coated m of meaning s that include virtually
all spheres of social position , as , is a
struggle for power, status social, vanities,
domination, economic capacity, social
skills, health , in short, it is the expectation
of the most inclusive social interaction of
all, because it does not exclude any aspect
of the experience, the research says that
more than 80% of the time of internet
access is dedicated to erotic sites, dating
 sites, and that 90% of Internet sites
contain erotic images. What (how many)
advertisements and posters that do not use
an image linked to sex?
Four psychological aspects dominate and
motivate human acts: sex, power, money
and social recognition (fame).
For Freud , the creator of
Psychoanalysis, sex is the main force that
moves the human being in his actions even
more than the survival instinct;
For Karl Marx, it is money and material
goods that move human beings;
For Ho b bes and Machiavelli is the
power of dominaçã over the other is the
main force that drives
mankind; for Pavlov's Psychology , social
recognition is the greatest motivating lever
for human beings.
As you can see, none of them defend the
survival instinct as the main human
motivation. S urpreendente for you?
Generally balzaquianas are already
prepared and horny for sex , but
that even the blocks m are the past
that l hes bring back mixed
with moments better, painful memories,
embarrassing and regrettable
d the event s awkward learning and
experience forced and delicate that cost
them the break of sexual prejudices.
This is the worst of all worlds, because she
can be happy , but , at the expense of
remorse and bad memories of
learning complicated .
11.3 - The voracious sexual appetite of
boys          
Society pushes the boy unprepared and
frightened co n follow even for the most
difficult hunt of his life, where it has more
strength and physical ability , but does not
serve m to reach es s and aim to impress
and hunt the partner would
be advantage in Neanderthal was, but now
are also the weapons and the strategies
available for battle.
The initial tactic consists of eliminating
competitors, given the greater difficulty that
would be to seduce and manage
to monopolize the girls' attention .
It's hard to know what might interest and
hold a teenager's attention, bursting with
sensuality and with the perfect body,
everything there is new and very attractive,
nature took care of the thin subcutaneous
layer of fat to make the skin look velvety,
the breasts Hard as you'll never have again
in your life, beautiful skin, big eyes , silky
and shiny hair, well-distributed hips, narrow
shoulders, shapely legs , and soft,
seductive voice.
So nature asks and calls for the
elimination of incompetent and bad carriers
of losing genes, but they do not know how
to choose what they want, hence the
insecurity that leads them to frantically
exchange information discreetly about the
opinions of their competitors in the market
of gossip and quote from the most desired
and coveted boys.
It all boils down to beauty and then
wealth. The whole world is separated
between the cute and the ugly. Later they
begin to separate between the rich kids
and POBr ez inhos. In the future they will
want to separate them between the smart
and the stupid. But, this will take maybe a
decade. It is better not to count on this
possibility right away.
A pimple, a wrong haircut, an
unfashionable outfit and we have a
 catastrophe, if the cell phone or
tablet is not the latest crop, if the brands
are not those sanctioned by the group, it is
better to lock yourself at home or have a lot
of personality to face heavy sanction and
retaliation.
Taking one of the beauties to bed, no
way ! The ugly s, the chubby, the
POBr ez inh the end impregnating earlier,
have to compensate for the lack of
competition conditions with a better public
relations work, with a lot of diplomacy
and a lot of skill to better understand the
preferences of boys in sports, in bad
technologies corners automotive, aviation,
jet s , games, finally end up becoming
expert and expert ' s in male hobbies.
11.4 - Early pregnancy          
This negotiating compensation when he is
not a beauty ends up leading to early
pregnancy, are the risks of a negotiation
under high pressure, it is clear that this is
not the only reason, but it is certainly the
most freq u one, this set of advantages too
well described by John Nash in his T eoria
of J ogos, which can also be vist to the
movie "a Beautiful Mind", is part and play "I
think he thinks I think he think ..."
11.5 - Early parenthood          
Boys disillusioned and pressured by the
girls with few skills to stay in this game of
seduction by the remnants of vanities
market serve console with is the
situation freq u being that unwanted ends
up being an asset to strengthen the
emotional connections and so crossed to
confer a status when returns an
anticipation of a higher status shown by the
boldness of this new commitment,
provoc walk mandatory change of civil
status, with all
 conseq u ence s im predictable in desired, 
non anticipated or not , but now irrevocable
and irreversible .
12 – Seduction Techniques  
As the old Greek song says:
"If you want to be loved by women sw r not
say you want it , but , let her see him every
day and disappear to vote. If she speaks to
you, be affectionate, without daring. So it
will come por el the same to you. So know
how to take it with energy on the day it
decides to give. If he speaks to you, be
affectionate, without daring. As for
receiving her in your bed, take it firmly and
decisively, forget your own pleasure, know
that the hands of a woman in love tremble
and have no affection .”
..One day we discovered that kissing one
person to forget another is silly. 
Not only do you not forget the other
person, you think about them a lot more...
One day we realized that women have
"hunter" instincts and make any man
suffer...
One day we discover that falling in love
is inevitable...
One day we realized that the best proofs of
love are the simplest...
One day we realized that the common
doesn't attract us...
One day we will know that being classified
as "nice" is not good...
One day we will realize that the person
who never calls you is the one who thinks
about you the most...
One day we will know the importance of
the phrase: "You become eternally
responsible for what you captivate..."
 One day we realize that we are very
important to someone, but we don't value
it...
One day we realized how much that friend
is missed, but then it's too late... 
Anyway...
One day we discover that despite living
almost a century this long is not enough to
fulfill all our dreams, to kiss all the mouths
that attract us, to say what needs to be
said. .. 

The way out is: either we settle for the lack

of some things in our life or we struggle to
accomplish all our crazy things... 

Anyone who does not understand a look

will also understand a long explanation.
12.1 - Clothing and accessories          
12.2 - Eye contact          
12.3 - Shyness          
12.4 – What to say: the truth is the best
teaser          
12.5 - Errors to be avoided          
12.6 - Mastering prejudices ( beauty, color,
physique )          
12.7 – Being ugly isn't so bad (has +
relationships, get married earlier, according
to game theory – John Nash)          
" That id i a d and girls are more affective
not hit with the reality that I saw in the
schoolyard. At recess, the boys were more
troglodytes in their games, but it was a
defensible physical brutality. The girls, on
the other hand, were experts at defaming,
excluding, ridiculing and humiliating certain
peers. Everything more SUBTLE, and
 sometimes more CRUEL ” . Martha
Medeiros available on Google+ 
Boys soon learn the most painful way that
ugly ones are more approachable and
malleable in the face of the hard, cruel and
indifferent hearts of selfish and highly
arrogant beauties... 
The ugliest girls strive to be interesting
and more enthusiastic than Cutest the s to
compensate for their lack of physical
attractiveness, though it does happen
some of them have an astral (low self-
esteem) really low because of the sheer
bullying charge which ends up bending
their spirits due to an excess
of negative psychological charge . What
Will not the destr ói just strengthening the
disposition of the soul.
They , the girls bon it to s, were just
rehearsing for n the future manipulate
males , while the ugly
boys and nerds that the futur the will be the
bosses and the heads of the once
called kittens of these beauties, in the
future these balzaquianas
expected would m that next
encarn action have a chance
of change in behavior and their choices of
youth and adolescence collar on in an ugly
boy and nerd ..
12.8 – When beauty is too much of a
hindrance (it scares, intimidates, exploits,
humiliates)          
12.9 - When wealth is too much of a
hindrance (scares, intimidates, exploits,
humiliates)          
13 – The couple's relationship  
13.1 - Respect, trust, jealousy          
Is very important the longevity of the given
couple relationship the first sex so with the
first social act in any situation in life
involve a rite of passage for the new social
status, and this implies rupture and in a
new expectation that creates fear failure of
both part s generates ing a feeling of being
setting a new
contract which then unwittingly becomes
the prime iro big test of the couple.
 
To avoid this test climate, it is necessary to
establish a great partnership and ensure
that any eventual failure should deserve
another chance in the name of affection,
love, commitment and friendship, that is,
when we believe in the potential of a
partner. Unsuccessful event is lost among
so many successful ones and its final
weight is imperceptible as a whole.
 
So , for that valley will be soon risk in the
first meetings to be run so many risks
des necessarily just to satisfy a
question anxious : will it work?
 
If something does not work already no
matter when you already have such a
large , solid and old friends , and as
ineffable love. The great love, the children
and the friendship to everything , but if
there is not time to create bonds of
tenderness and complicity, a sexual failure
can be the definitive sentence that cannot
be appealed.
 
This is the main reason to be patient with
something so important to a couple. Long-
term relationships are the key to success,
and it requires time, patience and
investment with no guarantee of success,
but the more time passes, the more
chances that everything will settle down.
 

[1] Apud SOUZA, Guaraci Adeodato A. de. The Convergence

Hypothesis: An Optical Illusion. In: VII National Meeting of
Population Studies. São Paulo: ABEP, 1990. Annals, v.1.
 
[2] BONGAARTS, J. Formación de la Familia : Events in
Planeados. In: Essays on población y Desarrollo. Bogotá: CCRP,
1983. Apud Souza loc cit. p.47.b
[3] There is no place for further globalization here, as the Old World did
not know the Americas and had little contact with the Far East, Australia,
Indonesia and Japan, when the great voyages took place within the
Mediterranean.
[4] It is necessary to distinguish between abandonment and freedom: the
former slaves were abandoned by their former masters because of the
determination of the Golden Law, not being a gain of freedom in this
case. If that were so, ex-spouses would be released from child support due
to the liberalization of the marriage commitment that united them, in this
case, without child support, it would be abandonment and not divorce.
[5] Unique value of the piece that was produced in an almost artistic
way without standardization, so similar objects would have different
prices and qualities .
[6] ALLEN, Vernon L. The Psichology of Poverty: Problems and
Prospects. In: ALLEN, Vernon L. Psychological Factors in
Poverty . London: Academic Press, 196_. Chapter 19. Part 6. pp.367-391.
[7] Passim. WILSON, Edward
Osborne. Sociobiology. Cambridge: Belknap, 1980.
[8] Apud Darwin-Dohrn, A. Mandeville, in his Fable book of
bees, which served as inspiration for Adam Smith to create the
theory of wealth of liberal nations, bucked the reality of
sociobiology of bees, building an aphorism on the gate ment of
them in order to distort the altruism and organization of the
bees. As Mandeville said, bees can live safely and affluence
because each one takes care of herself and try to do the best for
yourself no matter what the other ab elha makes the hive will a.
[9] DA VIÁ, Sarah Chucid. OpinionPpublic .Sao Paulo : Loyola,
1983. P.8-9.
[10] TCHAKHOTINE, Serge. THEMcertification of Mwings
by Propaganda Ppolitical. Ryo in Jyear : CivilizationBrazilian,
1967 .p.9.
[11]Ibid. .p.9.
[12] ApudTCHAKHOTINE. Pavlov ,
IP LesRréflexes Ççonditionnels . Pavlov believes that the basic
instinct that motivates human and animal actions is combative:
power.
[13]Ibid.
[14] Ibid. p.16, 18, 20
[15] Conditioned reflexes result from the synchronization of two
factors: one immanent or automatic (vitatitude), which provokes a
physiological reaction, and the other induced by repetition or an
external stimulus, associated with a vitatitude. The
substitution/elision of vitatitude by the other induced stimulus
triggers the reflex-response because of the effect of associativity
(residue) on learning through repetition.
[16] Another important tool of persuasion is the symbol. The
anthropological aspect that defines man as an essentially symbolic
being supports the thesis that man attributes to actions and objects
meanings that transcend their simple extrinsic materiality,
attributing to them values that translate representations of their
particular and cultural views whose meaning is related to the
whole set of beliefs and values that are part of their lived
culture. The symbol allows, as Allendy says (1931), "Playing
easily with concepts that the spirit would have a hard time dealing
with in their entirety, without this artifice".
 
TCHAKOTINE. p.263. The propaganda of the parties has the task
i nfluenciar and win for their cause thousands of passive elements
(90%) who do not go to assembl will the nor read newspapers
political combat; the workers' parties do not have the means to
distribute enough pamphlets, and their newspapers, which are
generally long, boring and doctrinal, are not read by anyone. No
wonder this advertisement has little or no appeal.
[17] YOUNG, Kimball. psychology ssla
officer PPropaganda . Buenos THEgo : Paidós, 1956.
[18] Ibid. p.8.
[19] There are three types of advertising: conversion, division
and consolidation.
[20] Ibid. p.13.
[21] FIGUEIREDO, Ney Lima. Op. Cit.
[22] Ibid.
[23] Ibid.
[24] FULLER, T.; BENTHAM, Jeremy; MILLS, James. In:
STRAUSS, L.; CROSPEY, J . History of Political
Philosophy . Çhicago : [S. Nno.].. p.717.
[25] Utilitarianism dates back to the Greeks of the 16th
century.IGO.çÇ. nodthe epicuri schoolanista. Interesting work on
the subject can be found in the Theory of Action.by Talcot
Parsons, cited above.
[26] EASTON, David. OnetTeria
of TheTHEanalysis PPpolitical . Ryo in Jyear : Zahar,
1968. p.49.
[27] Ibid.
[28] Ibid.
[29] Ibid.
[30] Ibid.
[31] Ibid.
[32] It is useful to treat disturbances or influences arising from
behavior in environmental subsystems as exchanges or
transactions that cross the boundaries of the political
system. Youyour effects they aretrans mitted through the
boundaries of a sub-system for the system as allocation results of
thesystem, as demands that come from the subsystem, TheThewho
is influenced by him.
[33] BRAVO, Pedro. SocialismPPre-Marxist . Çarracks :
Univ. Central, [19__].
[34] ARROWS, Kenneth J. SocialçÇhoice
and iIindividual vVallusions . 2nd ed. New Haven : Yale, 1963.
[35] McKELVEY, Richard D. Intransitivies inmMthree-
dimensional vVoting mModels and ssname iIcomplications
for TheTHEgenda çÇcontrol In:"Newspaper
of "Economic tTheory”. [S. Ll. : ss. Nn.], 1976. No. 19. p.472-82.
[36] LIMONGI, Fernando.O Negg Iinstitutionalism and
the Neggs ANDstudies Llaws. CEBRAP. R1st of January :
CEBRAP, 1994. nº37.  p.5. 1st week
[37] The law of supply and demand does not consider, in the
price formation process, goods and consumers from outside the
market, although existing and known, such as , for
example , unexploited oil stocks and potential consumers or
emerging potential contributors to this training. When an
externality disposes of these inputs in the market, changes quickly
occur in the balance of supply and demand, with immediate effects
on the recomposition of prices that could be anticipated if these
were previously included in the calculation of market price
formation . Also the invisible handlevel is a metaphysical analytic
category, therefore, pre-scientific.
[38] LIMA, Venício A de. University of Brasilia. [199_]
Mimeo. Created the dam scenario theoryandpolitical ntation where
the media reflects and then reinforces political behavior through
ideological representations of the ruling classdabout
aThe reTheage rebuilt ex-postex nihilo nihil.
[39] HABERMAS, J u rgen.Change ANDstructural
in ANDANDsphere PPpublic . Ryo in Jyear : Tempo Brasileiro,
1984. p.42.
[40] Apud. SH EPSLE, Kenneth A. ThegGiant
jigsaw PPuzzle. democraticçÇomit TheTHEsigns in
the mMorder HHdare . Çhicago hicago: Chicago, 1978.
 
__________. ThePPpositive tThero
of thereLegislative iIInstitutions :
AnandANDnrichment of ssofficer çÇhoice
and sspatial mModels. PublicçÇhoice. [s. Lthere. : YNsn], 1986.
no. 50. p.135-78.
 
__________. InstitutionalTheTHEarrangements
and andANDquilibrium
in mMultidimensionalvoting mModels. In:Mc
CUBBINS, Mathew ; SULLIVAN, terry. (OOrgs.) "Congress:
Structure and PPolicy”. New York : Cambridge , 1987.
 
__________. TheçÇhanging tText BBlook of çÇongress. In:
CHUBB, John E.;PETERSON, Paul. (OOrgs.). "Can
the gGgovernment gGovern?”. WAshington : Brooking I., 1989.
[41] DAHL , Robert Alan. OnetTeria
of TheTHEanalysis PPpolitical . Brasilia : UnB, [19_84].
( Several reissues)
[42] LIMONGANDI.OOP. cit. p.8.
[43]NEWMANN, John Von; MORGENSTERN, Oscar.Theory
of Games and ANDconomic Behaviour. [S. l. : sn], [19--]. "the
game is a set of rules that establish: 1 - the number of participants;
2 - the information provided to each participant; 3 - the decisions
allowed to each participant; 4 - the results ( Pay-off ) earned by
each participant of the participants.
[44] Ibid.
[45] The problem of reason has been the concern of philosophers
from Socrates, Aristotle, Confucius, Habermas, Kant, Comte,
Weber, Boudon, etc..., who expanded the debate on the process of
rationality to the limits of the subjective conscious , objectivity and
intersubjective space.
[46]SIMONSEN, MH Theory
of Jogos, Çconcepts Basics. In: EC STUDY
COLLECTIONONOMICS (1990: Ryo in Jyear). Rof Jyear :
FGV, 1990. op. cit. No. 159. nineteen ninety. p.1.

[47]