Lesson 1 & 2: Combative Sports

INTRODUCTION:

COMBATIVE SPORTS

A combat sport, or fighting sport, is a competitive contact sport that involves one-to-one combat. Each
combatant strives to gain enough points or a condition to declare a single winner by means of using certain rules of
direct engagement. These engagement rules and conditions are significantly different from the rules in simulated
contact or combat meant for technical-based challenges, practice, or demonstration in martial arts.

Combative Sports

HISTORY OF COMBATIVE SPORTS

Combat sports or activity exist in most cultures.

Boxing contests date back to ancient Sumer in the 3rd millennium BCE and ancient Egypt circa 1350 BCE.
The ancient Olympic Games included several combat-related sports: armored foot races, boxing, wrestling,
and pankration, which was introduced in the Olympic Games of 648 BCE.

In ancient China, combat sport appeared in the form of lei tai. It was a no-holds-barred combat sport that combined
boxing and wrestling. There is evidence of similar combat sports in ancient Egypt, India and Japan.

Through the Middle ages and Renaissance, the tournament was popular. Tournaments were competitions that

featured several mock combat events, with jousting as the main event. While the tournament was popular
among aristocrats, combat sports were practiced by all levels of society. The German school of late medieval martial
arts distinguished sportive combat (schimpf) from serious combat (ernst).

In the German Renaissance, sportive combat competitions were known as Fechtschulen, corresponding to the Prize
Playing in Tudor England. Out of these Prize Playing events developed the English boxing (or prizefighting) of the
18th century, which evolved into modern boxing with the introduction of the Marquess of Queensberry rules in 1867.

Amateur boxing has been part of the modern Olympic Games since their introduction in 1904. Professional
boxing became popular in the United States in the 1920s and experienced a "golden age" after World War II.

The creation of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu is attributed to the Gracie family of Brazil in 1925 after Asian martial arts were
introduced to Brazil. Vale-tudo, wrestling, muay thai kickboxing and luta livre gained popularity.

Modern Muay Thai was developed in the 1920s to 1930s. 

Sambo was introduced in the Soviet Union.

 Modern Taekwondo also emerged after the Japanese occupation of Korea and became an Olympic sport in 2000. 

Sanshou as part of modern wushu was developed in the People's Republic of China since the

1950s. Kickboxing and full contact karate were developed in the 1960s and became popular in Japan and the West
during the 1980s and 1990s.

Modern Mixed Martial Arts developed out of the interconnected subcultures of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and shoot wrestling.

It was introduced in Japan in the form of Shooto in 1985, and in the United States as Ultimate Fighting
Championship (UFC) in 1993.

The Unified Rules of Mixed Martial Arts were introduced in 2000, and the sport experienced peak popularity in the
2000s. During this period, multiple brands and promotions were established. The most well-known promotion for MMA
is UFC.
 Sports always hold a major part in understanding what is teamwork and sports also play an important role in
maintaining the health and fitness of our body. Combat sports disciplines add more and more fans to participate and
enjoy certain sport, hence to these different organizations of combative sports is still pursuing and attaining to let the
sport maintain its values such as solidarity, sportsmanship, and respect among opponents.

WHAT IS/ARE COMBATIVE SPORTS?

It is a contact sport between two people, who fight each other, supported by certain techniques and tactics
with the purpose of defeating the adversary, who will have unpredictable reactions within a safe field of action. These
sports disciplines are governed by rules of conduct and time to ensure the physical integrity of each competitor.

Combat sports can be divided into two basic categories:

CATEGORIES OF COMBATIVE SPORTS
 Olympians, who use more refined techniques and with greater restrictions.

 Non-Olympians are mostly self-defense martial arts in which the individual reacts more emotionally and can
make use of various tools to defeat his adversary.

There are also techniques and types that are under combative sports….
TECHNIQUES IN COMBATIVE SPORTS
The techniques used can be categorized into three domains: striking, grappling, and weapon usage, with
some hybrid rulesets combining striking and grappling. In combat sports the use of these various techniques is highly
regulated to minimize permanent or severe physical damage to each participant though means of organized officiating
by a single or multiple referee that can distribute penalties or interrupt the actions of the competitors during the
competition.

STRIKING
- Fist fighting or boxing
GRAPPLING
- Pinning, clinching, and takedown-oriented wrestling.
HYBRID
- Combination of striking and grappling elements.
WEAPONRY
- Simulated by wooden or bladed weapons

TYPES OF COMBATIVE SPORTS

STRIKING

 Boxing

o Historical Ancient Greek boxing(Pygmachia)

o Historical Russian Fist Fighting(Kulachniy Boy)
o Historical English Bare-Knuckle Boxing(Pugilism)
o Modern Amateur (Olympic) Boxing
o Modern Professional Boxing

 Kickboxing
 o Savate(French kickboxing)
o Sanda(Chinese kickboxing)
o Muay Thai(Thai Boxing)
o Lethwei(Burmese Boxing)

 Karate

o Full Contact Karate

 Taekwondo(under World Taekwondo and ITF rules)

GRAPPLING

 Pinning, clinching and takedown oriented wrestling

o Ancient Greek wrestling(Pale)
o Beach wrestling
o Judo(Olympic Judo)
o Freestyle wrestling
o Greco-Roman wrestling(French Wrestling)
o Collegiate wrestling and Scholastic wrestling (American Folkstyle)
o Sport Sambo
o Sumo

 Submission grappling:

o Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu(under Gi & no Gi rules)

o luta livre
o Judo(Olympic Judo, Kosen Judo, Freestyle Judo)

 Folk wrestling (Numerous Regional Styles Worldwide)

o Catch wrestling(Western Submission Wrestling)

 Professional wrestling(wrestling as a form of both athletics and theater)

HYBRID

 Pankration

 Combat Sambo: Russian sport introduced in the 1920s.

 Vale Tudo (No Rules Freestyle Fighting), derived from Brazilian circus shows of the 1920s.

 Shootfighting

 Mixed Martial Arts (Freestyle Fighting), since the 1990s.

WEAPONRY

 (simulated) bladed weapons

o Fechtschulen(fencing competitions) in 16th- to 17th-century Germany

o academic fencing(mainly in Germany, 16th century to present)
o Kendo(Japanese fencing)
o Modern fencing
o Historical European martial arts
o Historical medieval battles(HMB)

 sportive stick fighting

o Quarterstaff(historical English, 17th to 18th century)

o Singlestick(1904 Summer Olympics)
 o Bâton français
o Kali/ Escrema / Arnis

 hastilude

o Modern competitive jousting

 simulated firearms: confrontational shooting sports

o Olympic dueling
o Paintball
o Airsoft
o Laser tag

General Definition of Terms (Gears, Clothing, and Fighting Area)

In combat sports, victory is obtained from blows, punches, or attacks to the head to a point of physical injury
that the opponent is unable to continue. Different forms of combat sport have different rules and regulations on the
equipment competitors have to wear.

List of Protective Gear Clothing

 Gloves
 Headgear
 Mouthguard
 Shin Guards
 Arm Guards
 Groin Guard
 Trunk Protector
 Wraps (Material wrapped around the hand and wrist (and/or foot and ankle) that provides added alignment,
support and protection)
Armed and Unarmed Combative Sports

ARMED COMBATIVE SPORTS:

FENCING

Fencing, organized sport involving the use of a sword -

épée, foil, or sabre - for attack and defense according to set movements and
rules. Although the use of swords dates to prehistoric times and swordplay to
ancient civilizations, the organized sport of fencing began only at the end of the
19th century.

HISTORY

The earliest depiction of swordplay is a relief in the temple of Medīnat Habu, near Luxor in Egypt, built
by Ramses III about 1190 BCE. Swordsmanship, as a pastime and in single combat and war, was also practiced
widely by the ancient Persians, Babylonians, Greeks, and Romans as well as by the Germanic tribes. 

The Romans brought sword combat to a highly systematic art that was taught to both their legions and their
gladiators. Gladiators were trained in schools (ludi) by professional instructors (doctores). Beginners practiced with a
wooden sword called a rudis. More advanced training took place with weapons that were somewhat heavier than
those used in actual combat.

ORGANIZATION

Fencing became an increasingly organized competitive sport late in the 19th century.
Basic conventions were first collected and set down in the 1880s by the French fencing master
Camille Prévost. Officially recognized fencing associations also began to appear: The Amateur
Fencers League of America was founded in 1891, the Amateur Fencing Association of Great
Britain in 1902, and the Fédération Nationale des Sociétés d’Escrime et Salles d’Armes de
France in 1906.

KENDO

HISTORY

Kendo, Japanese kendō (“way of the sword”), traditional Japanese style of fencing with
a two-handed wooden sword, derived from the fighting methods of the ancient samurai
(warrior class). The unification of Japan about 1600 removed most opportunities for actual
sword combat, so the samurai turned swordsmanship into a means of cultivating
discipline, patience, and skill for building character.

ORGANIZATION

 In the 18th century, practice armour and the shinai, a sword made of bamboo, were
introduced to allow realistic fencing without risk of injury. The study of what came to be
known as kendo was even compulsory in Japanese schools from time to time. An All-
Japan Kendo Federation was formed following the endof the occupation in 1952, and an International Kendo
Federation was founded in 1970. 

UNARMED COMBATIVE SPORTS:

Unarmed combat is the oldest form of combat known to man. Despite the development of weapons
technology, a soldier – especially a special force soldier – may find himself in an empty-handed fight as a result of a
weapon failure, exhausted ammunition, a need for silence, or a failed escape and evasion attempt. In order to survive,
he needs to be fully trained in the use of weapons that are always at his disposal, never jam, and never run out of
ammunition – his hands and feet. Properly used, they can stop a dead attacker in his tracks.

In the military context, close-up warfare/combat is about survival: any and all means are valid. Surprise and
speed are essential, and the intention is to attack, not simply to defend. Starting with an overview of the historical
development of unarmed combat, this book works through training (physical and mental), vulnerable areas of the
body, and special techniques: punching and kicking, blocks, chokes and headlocks, breaking holds, throws, and
ground fighting

ORIGINS AND BACKGROUND OF UNARMED COMBATIVE SPORTS

Unarmed combat is the oldest form of physical conflict because it requires only the body. It is both an art and
a science that can be used martially, in sport, or as an expression of individuality or culture. The origin of this form
must be traced back to the history of the human species. Most cultures have their own unique styles, histories, and
methods of practice in the field of martial arts, but the use and training of this form of combat is universally accepted
as the foundation on which weapon-based styles evolved.

JUDO

In 1882, Dr. Jigoro Kano (the father of Judo) carried out a comprehensive
study of the ancient forms of self-defense and integrated the best of these
forms into a sport known as Kodokan Judo.

The term Kodokan is divided into:

 KO (lecture, study, method)

 DO (way or path)

 KAN (hall or place)

 This means "the place to study the way." In the same way, judo breaks down into ju (gentle) and does (way or path)
or "gentle way."

JUDO FACTS:

 Judo "The Way of Gentleness"

  Dr. Jigoro Kano assembled a consistent system with moral principles and physical well-being for the
Japanese nation

 Kano sifted through jujitsu styles to create new art that was non-lethal.

o Essentially a competitive modern sport using and manipulating balance to control and throw

o Science of throws - A throw can be centered on any joint in the body (weakest at the joints)

 Olympic sport in 1964

o  Became highly competitive thereafter, especially upon introduction to the West.

o Sport aspect with rules diminished its applicability as a method of self-defense.

ORGANIZATION

INTERNATIONAL JUDO Federation was established in 1951. JUDO's OLYMPIC DEBUT CAME
at the TOKYO Games in 1964. Judo has grown and developed into an Olympic sport. 

WRESTLING

The earliest known wrestling took place in ancient Greece, but many styles
have been developed. This Olympic sport is known for grappling, clinch fighting,
throws, takedowns, and pins while securing dominating positions.

Wrestling is a fighting sport involving tactics such as clinch fighting, throws

and takedowns, joint locks, pins, and other wrestling holds that include grappling.
Wrestling is a sport of physical combat. It's one of the most exhausting sports, both mentally and physically, and that's
probably why it's a moment of immense pleasure when you win a match. This game requires not only sound physical
fitness but also unbreakable trust and character that define the true spirit of a sportsman. A sport in which two
opponents fight bare-handedly and try to pin each other to the floor using different holds.

The Sport can be either truly competitive or sporting entertainment. Wrestling is available in a variety of styles,
such as folk, freestyle, Greco-Roman, catch/submission, judo, sambo and others. A wrestling match is a physical
battle between two (sometimes more) rivals or sparring partners who seek to achieve and hold a higher position.
There is a wide variety of styles with varying guidelines in both traditional and new styles of history. As well as military
hand-to-hand fighting systems, grappling tactics have been introduced.

HISTORY

Wrestling is one of the oldest forms of combat, referred to in the Iliad and depicted in 15,000-year-old cave
drawings in France. Early Egyptian and Babylonian reliefs show the movements still in use today. Always popular in
ancient Greece, wrestling played a prominent role in the Olympic Games. It was developed by ancient Greeks as a
way of training soldiers in hand-to-hand combat. After defeating the Greeks, the Roman Empire borrowed a lot of
Greek wrestling but eliminated a lot of brutality. The Greeks feared that the true history of the sport would be lost and
that Greco-Roman wrestling would be born. 

ORGANIZATION

The first International Federation for the Development of Wrestling and Weight Lift was established in
Duisburg in 1905 by the Deutsche Athleten-Verband (DAV). The Committee was then set up, made up of the following
members: Mr. Monticelli (ITA), the Brothers van Elst (NED), Mr. Koettgen (GER) and Mr. Stolz (GER). The
Federation's objective was to establish the organization of the World Championship.

WRESTLING – OBJECTIVE
 The aim of each wrestler is to pin the opponent and establish his own superiority without violence. While doing
so, the wrestlers perform a variety of techniques, such as lowering, joint locks, pins, and grappling bolts.

Judges award points for every successful move to pin your opponent down. The team with the maximum
points at the end of the match shall be declared a winner

Basic Self-defense

Self-defense (self-defense in some varieties of English) is a countermeasure that involves defending the health and
well-being of oneself from harm. The use of the right of self-defense as a legal justification for the use of force in times
of danger is available in many jurisdictions, but the interpretation varies widely.

IS SELF-DEFENSE A CRIME?

In order to invoke self-defense, certain conditions must be met such as unlawful aggression, reasonable necessity of
the means employed to prevent or repel it, and lack of sufficient provocation on the part of the person defending
himself. Anent the 1st element, the aggression must be unlawful. So basically, here in the Philippines self-defense is
like a dependable situation if it is necessary to use self-defense.

What are your self-defense rights?

 The right of self-defense (also called, when it applies to the defense of another, alter

ego defense, defense of others, defense of a third person) is the right for people to use reasonable force
or defensive force, for the purpose of defending one's own life (self-defense) or the lives of others.  

  The right of self-defense is the right for people to use reasonable force or defensive force, for the purpose
of defending one's own life (self-defense) or the lives of others, including –in certain circumstances– the use
of deadly force.

A countermeasure is a measure or action taken to counter or offset another one. As a general concept, it implies
precision and is any technological or tactical solution or system designed to prevent an undesirable outcome in the
process. The first known use of the term is in 1923.

Physical self-defense is the use of physical force to counter an immediate threat of violence. Such force can be
either armed or unarmed. In either case, the chances of success depend on a large number of parameters, related to
the severity of the threat on one hand, but also on the mental and physical preparedness of the defender.

TYPES OF SELF-DEFENSE

UNARMED

Many styles of martial arts are practiced for self-defense or include self-defense

techniques. Some styles train primarily for self-defense, while other martial or combat
sports can be effectively applied for self-defense. Some martial arts train how to
escape from a knife or gun situation, or how to break away from a punch, while others
train how to attack. To provide more practical self-defense, many modern martial arts
schools now use a combination of martial arts styles and techniques, and will often
customize self-defense training to suit individual participants.

ARMED

A wide variety of weapons can be used for self-defense. The most suitable

depends on the threat presented, the victim or victims, and the experience of
the defender. Legal restrictions also greatly influence self-defense options.

In many cases, there are also legal restrictions. While in some

jurisdictions firearms may be carried openly or concealed expressly for this
purpose, many jurisdictions have tight restrictions on who can own firearms,
and what types they can own. Knives, especially those categorized
as switchblades may also be controlled, as may batons, pepper
spray personal stun guns, and Tasers - although some may be legal to carry
with a license or for certain professions.
Non-injurious water-based self-defense indelible dye-marker sprays, or ID-marker or DNA-marker sprays linking a
suspect to a crime scene, would in most places be legal to own and carry.

Everyday objects, such as flashlights, baseball bats, newspapers, keyrings with keys, kitchen utensils, and other tools,

and hair spray aerosol cans in combination with a lighter, can also be used as improvised weapons for self-
defense. Tie-wraps double as an effective restraint. Weapons such as the Kubotan (pocket stick) have been built for
ease of carrying and to resemble everyday objects. Ballpoint pen knives, swordsticks, cane guns, and modified
umbrellas are similar categories of concealed self-defense weapons that serve a dual purpose.

MENTAL

Mental self-defense is the ability to get into the proper mindset for executing a physical
self-defense technique. Many martial arts schools and self-defense classes focus
primarily on the physical nature of self-defense and often neglect the mental aspect. If
you are skilled in the physical aspects of a defensive technique, but lack the mental
toughness and tenacity to execute it, you will not be able to perform - especially under
duress.

Controlled environments cannot easily mimic the stress and adrenaline dump which occurs during an attack. There is
a very real need to be able to enter the proper "warrior mindset" if one is to have a realistic chance of surviving a
potentially deadly encounter. This warrior mindset is the ability to focus purely on the successful outcome of a
situation without becoming concerned with the consequences, even if they prove fatal in the dedicated pursuit of your
desired outcome. The ability to go over, under, around or through any obstacle is the essence of this "never quit"
mindset - similar to that of the Samurai of Japan. Self-preservation is a very powerful motivator and it is essential for
ensuring that one has the mental toughness and proper mindset to emerge the victor in an encounter with one or
more attackers/aggressors.

OTHER FORMS OF SELF-DEFENCE

Avoidance

Being aware of and avoiding potentially dangerous situations is one useful technique of self-defense. Attackers will
typically select victims they feel they have an advantage against, such as greater physical size, numerical superiority,
or sobriety versus intoxication.

De-escalation

Verbal Self Defense, also known as Verbal Judo or Verbal Aikido, is defined as using one's words to prevent,  de-
escalate, or end an attempted assault. It is a way of using words as weapons or as a shield. This kind of 'conflict
management' is the use of voice, tone, and body language to calm a potentially violent situation before violence
actually ensues.

Personal alarms

Personal alarms are a way to practice passive self-defense. A personal alarm is a small, hand-held device that emits
strong, loud, high-pitched sounds to deter attackers because the noise will sometimes draw the attention of
passersby. Child alarms can function as locators or device alarms such as for triggering an alert when a  swimming
pool is in use to help prevent dangerous situations in addition to being a deterrent against would-be aggressors.

SELF-DEFENSE EDUCATION (Why need to educate and to study self-defense?)

Self-defense techniques and recommended behavior under the threat of violence is systematically taught in self-
defense classes. Commercial self-defense education is part of the martial arts industry in the wider sense, and many
martial arts instructors also give self-defense classes. While all martial arts training can be argued to have some self-
defense applications, self-defense courses are marketed explicitly as being oriented towards effectiveness and
optimized towards situations as they occur in the real world. There are a large number of systems taught
commercially, many tailored to the needs of specific target audiences (e.g. defense against attempted rape for
women, self-defense for children and teens). Notable systems taught commercially include:

 civilian versions of modern military combative, such as Krav-Maga, Defendo, Spear, and Systema

  Jujutsuand arts derived from it, such as Aikijujutsu, Aikido, Bartitsu, German ju-jutsu, Kodokan Goshin Jutsu.
 Model Mugging
 Traditional unarmed fighting styles like Karate, Taekwondo, Kung fu, Hapkido, Pencak Silat, etc. These styles
can also include competing.
 Traditional armed fighting styles like Kali/Eskrima and Arnis. These include competing, as well as armed and
unarmed combat.
 Street Fighting oriented, unarmed systems, such as; Jeet Kune Do, Kajukenbo, Won Sung Do, and Keysi
Fighting Method
 Martial sports, such as boxing, kickboxing, Muay Thai, savate, shoot
boxing, Sanshou, grappling, judo, Brazilian jiu-jitsu, Sambo, mixed martial arts, and wrestling.

A course in self-defense will typically comprise three parts, namely the knowledge of how to fight (which all of the
above will cover to some degree), avoidance and de-escalation techniques, and knowledge of the law regarding self-
defense in the jurisdiction in question.

UNARMED SELF-DEFENSE

 Anti-theft system

 Armored car

 Body armor

 Bodyguard

 Cyber self-defense

 Digital self-defense

 Door security

 Gated community

 GPS tracking unit

 Guard dog

 Hand to hand combat

 Intrusion alarm

 Peroneal strike

 Physical security

 Saferoom

 Secure telephone

 Video surveillance systems

ARMED SELF-DEFENSE

 Airgun

 Ballistic knife

 Boot knife

 Brass knuckles

 Club (weapon)
 Crossbow

 Defense wound

 Defensive gun use

 Gun safety

 Handgun

 Hiatt speed cuffs

 Hollow-point bullet

 Laser pointer

 Laser sight

 Mace (spray)

 Millwall brick

 Nunchaku

 Paintball gun

 PAVA spray

 Personal defense weapon

 Riot shotgun

 Self-defense in international law

 Slapjack (weapon)

 Slingshot

 Stun grenade

 Switchblade

 Throwing knife

 Tranquilizer gun

 Weighted-knuckle glove

 Legal and moral aspects

 Battered woman defense

 Castle doctrine

 Concealed carry

 Duty to retreat

 Gun-free zone

 Gun laws in the United States (by state)

 Gun politics
  Justifiable homicide

 Non-aggression principle

 Open Carry

 Self-defense in international law

 Self-preservation

 Sell your cloak and buy a sword

 Stand-your-ground law

 Turning the other cheek

BASIC SELF-DEFENSE MOVES ANYONE CAN DO (AND EVERYONE SHOULD KNOW)

Would you be able to defend yourself and your loved ones if someone were to physically attack you? It’s a question
most of us don’t want to consider, but violence is, unfortunately, a fact of life. Thankfully, regardless of strength, size,
or previous training, anyone can learn several effective self-defense techniques. Here’s how to prepare for and stay
safe in common real-world violent situations.

PREVENTION IS THE BEST SELF-DEFENSE

First, remember that prevention is the best self-defense. Attackers, whatever their objectives, are looking for
unsuspecting, vulnerable targets. So be sure to follow general safety tips like being aware of your surroundings, only
walking and parking in well-lit areas, keeping your keys in hand as you approach your door or car, varying your route
and times of travel, and other personal security precautions.

OUTSTREAM VIDEO

Apart from avoiding confrontation, if you can defuse a situation (talk someone down from physically assaulting you) or
get away — by handing over your wallet/purse or whatever they want, do that. Hand over your money rather than
fight. Nothing you own is worth more than your life or health.

If violence is unavoidable, however, to really defend yourself, you’ll want to know ahead of time how to fight back
effectively — it’s possible even against someone bigger or stronger than you. Here are some basic self-defense
techniques that can keep you safe:

GET LOUD AND PUSH BACK

As soon as the attacker touches you or it’s clear that escape isn’t possible, shout loudly (“BACK OFF!”) and push back
at him or her (for simplicity’s sake we’re going to use “him” for the rest of the article, although your opponent could be
female). This does two things: it signals for help and it lets the attacker know you’re not an easy target. The video on
left from Rob Redenbach, a former trainer of Nelson Mandela’s bodyguards, shows why this is the first thing you need
to do. It may not dissuade all attackers, but getting loud will warn off those that were looking for easy prey.

BASIC PROCEDURES OF SELF DEFENSE FOR MEN AND WOMEN

Basic Self Defense

If you want to see the procedure of this self-defense visit this website:

https://www.sportsrec.com/206646-keysi-fighting-method-techniques.html

Arm Grab from Behind

When someone grabs both arms from behind and lifts up, they control your upper body.
If they continue to yank your arms upward (especially if they're taller), it'll put a lot of
pressure on the shoulders and force your upper body forward.
Although the attacker is controlling your upper body, they're not controlling your lower body. Use that strength for
leverage.

HOW TO ESCAPE: Turn the narrow part of your wrist toward the opening of their grip (between the thumb and
fingers), and then drive your elbow downward, toward their elbow. By doing so, you use the web between their thumb
and index finger as a point of leverage to pry their hand open and to free your own hand.

Once your hand is free, throw an elbow backward, in order to do as much damage as possible and to free your other
arm. If they still don't let go, continue to strike until they do.

Choke from Behind

If someone has grabbed you around the neck from behind, you need to quickly get
his hands off your throat. It’s the thumbs causing the choke, although it may look like
it is the fingers. Once you’re out of the initial choke, it’s likely that you’ll need to strike
back to getaway.

HOW TO ESCAPE: Bring your chin to your chest as much as you can. Step one foot
backward at about a 45-degree angle and bring your upper body down,
simultaneously bringing your arms up as high as you can.

Cup your hands as if you were trying to create little hooks. Bring your arms down explosively to rip the attacker’s
hands off your throat. Strike the attacker’s groin with your nearest hand, and then use the elbow of the same arm to
thrust upward toward the attacker’s chin and nose.

Punch

There are many ways a punch can be thrown and a few different ways it can be
blocked. This self-defense technique is best used against a swinging punch (hook) for a
street situation. When a punch comes flying at you, you don’t have time to see if there’s
something in the person’s hand, such as a sharp object. So you have to react as if
there could be something in that hand.

HOW TO ESCAPE: Any time you find yourself in a fight, bite down, keep your eyes
open and keep your chin tucked. That will better enable you to withstand the impact of strikes. Block the strike with
your forearm. Keep your elbow at a 90-degree angle, and don’t let it straighten out or collapse.

Headlock from the Side

From schoolyard brawls to bar fights, a headlock from the side is a very common
type of attack. It’s a bad position to be in, but it doesn’t present much of a problem
to get out of if you know-how.

HOW TO ESCAPE: Turn your head into the attacker’s body to keep his arm from
sliding under your chin. Step around their leg with your leg, ending up in a
perpendicular stance to your attacker. (If they’re holding you with their right arm,
you step with your left foot and vice versa.)

Strike the groin with one hand as the other hand comes up between your faces. Gouge the eyes and let your index
finger slide down under the nose. Dig your index finger in hard under the nose. Once they release, run away.

Knife Attack

There are many ways a knife (or a similar weapon) can be used to attack
someone. With all your self-defense tactics, you should aim to keep movements
simple. So, you can implement the same defense that you would use to block a
hook punch. A knife attack can come from any angle, and that’s why we call them
360 defenses: You can defend 360 degrees.

HOW TO ESCAPE: Follow the previous steps on how to block a hook punch: a

90-degree bend at the elbow, block wrist to wrist, and keep the bladed side
outward. Make sure you bend at the waist to ensure increase the distance between the blade and the internal organs.
“Catch” the knife arm and bring it up to your chest for full control. Keeping the weapon in tight control is of the utmost
importance.

Bring your other hand to the side of the attacker’s neck and grab ahold of anything you can, including clothing or skin.
Keep your elbow down so the attacker can’t get close. Throw knee strikes, groin kicks, and even head butts in order to
subdue the attacker.

Keep striking until you find an opportunity to get away safely or the person is no longer posing a threat. If the knife
drops from their hand, continue doing damage until you feel it is safe to pick up the knife. Remember: When it comes
to knife attacks, one mistake can be fatal. It takes lots of practice to perfect the movements, especially under stress.

BASIC PROCEDURES OF SELF DEFENSE FOR MEN AND WOMEN

Basic Self Defense

If you want to see the procedure of this self-defense visit this website:

https://www.healthline.com/health/womens-health/self-defense-tips-escape#8-moves-to-try

Groin kick

If someone is coming at you from the front, a groin kick may deliver enough force to paralyze your attacker, making
your escape possible.

To perform:

1. Stabilize yourself as best you can.

2. Lift your dominant leg off the ground and begin to drive your knee
upward.

3. Extend your dominant leg, drive hips forward, slightly lean back, and
kick forcefully, making contact between your lower shin or ball of your
foot and the attacker’s groin area.

Alternative: If your attacker is too close, thrust your knee toward the groin. Make sure you’re stabilized and not at risk
of falling over.

Heel palm strike

This move can cause damage to the nose or throat. To execute, get in front of your attacker as much as is possible.

To perform:

1. With your dominant hand, flex your wrist.

2. Aim for either the attacker’s nose, jabbing upward from the nostrils, or
underneath the attacker’s chin, jabbing upward at the throat.

3. Make sure to recoil your strike. Pulling your arm back quickly will help
thrust the attacker’s head up and back.

4. This will cause your attacker to stagger backward, allowing you to escape their grasp.

Alternative: An open palm to the ears can be very disorienting.

Elbow strike

If your attacker is in close range and you’re unable to get enough momentum to
throw a strong punch or kick, use your elbows.

To perform:
 1. If you can, stabilize yourself with a strong core and legs to ensure a powerful blow.

2. Bend your arm at the elbow, shift your weight forward, and strike your elbow into your attacker’s neck, jawline,
chin, or temple. These are all effective targets.

3. This may cause your attacker to loosen their grip, allowing you to run.

Escape from a bear hug attack

For cases where the attacker is coming from behind, you’ll want to use this move.
Focus on getting low and creating space to free yourself.

To perform:

1. Bend forward from the waist. This shifts your weight forward, making it more
difficult for your attacker to pick you up. It also gives you a better angle to
throw elbows from side to side to the attacker’s face.
2. Turn into the attacker with one of your elbows and continue counterattacking.
3. This should give you space to turn fully, using another move to injure the face or strike the groin. With the
space these moves have created, you may be able to escape and run away.

Escape from a side headlock

When the attacker locks their arm around your head from the side, your first instinct
should be to avoid getting choked.

To perform:

1. Turn into the attacker’s side as much as possible to avoid being choked.
2. With your hand that’s furthest away, strike the groin with open-handed slaps
until you have enough mobility to turn your head all the way out to disengage.

THE MOST EFFECTIVE BODY PARTS TO HIT

When you’re in a confrontation, you only have a few seconds and a few moves to try before the fight may be decided.
Before an attacker has gained full control of you, you must do everything you can—conserving as much energy as
possible—to inflict injury so you can get away. (This is no time to be civil. In a physical confrontation that calls for self-
defense, it’s hurt or be hurt.) So, aim for the parts of the body where you can do the most damage easily: the eyes,
nose, ears, neck, groin, knee, and legs.

Depending on the position of the attacker and how close he is will determine where you will strike and with what part
of your body you will employ. Do not step in closer, say, to strike his nose with your hand, when you can reach his
knee with a kick.

When striking a target on the upper half of the body you will use your hand. Effective strikes can be made with the
outer edge of your hand in a knife hand position, a palm strike or knuckle blow for softer targets or a tightly curled fist.

Eyes: Gouging, poking, or scratching the attacker’s eyes with your fingers or knuckles would be effective, as you can
imagine. Besides causing a lot of pain, this should also make your escape easier by at least temporarily interfering
with his vision.

Neck: The side of the neck is a bigger target, where both the carotid artery and jugular vein are located. You could
possibly temporarily stun your attacker with a knife hand strike (all fingers held straight and tightly together, with thumb
tucked and slightly bent at the knuckle) at the side of the neck. (For even more injury, you could thrust your elbow into
your assailant’s throat while pitching the weight of your body forward. See the Target Focus Training video below.)

Knee: Some says the knee is an ideal self-defense target, vulnerable from every angle and easily kicked without risk
of your foot being grabbed. Kick the side of the knee to cause injury or partially incapacitate your attacker. Kicking the
front of the knee may cause more injury but is less likely to result in imbalance.
HOW TO MAXIMIZE DAMAGE?

Use your elbows, knees, and head. Those are the parts of the body that are most sensitive when hit. Now here are the
parts of the body used most effectively for inflicting damage: your elbows, knees, and head (they’re your body’s bony
built-in weapons).

Use everyday objects. Everyday objects you carry around with you or things in your environment can also be used to
your advantage as weapons. Hold a key or pen between your middle and ring finger while you’re walking home in the
dark for more assurance. Outdoors, you can toss some dirt or sand into your attacker’s eyes. Women are often told to
spray perfume or hairspray into an assailant’s eyes. The point is, use whatever you can to make your defense
stronger (for more inspiration, watch some Jackie Chan movies).

Leverage your weight. No matter your size, weight, or strength in relation to your opponent, you can defend yourself
by strategically using your body and the simple law of physics. This is the principle behind martial arts systems like
Jujitsu and other self-defense programs where a smaller person is able to defeat a larger one.

QUIZ

1. Kickboxing and full contact karate were developed in what year? – 1960s
2. It is an equipment that covers the pelvic part of the player? – GROIN GUARDS
3. It is mostly a self-defense mental art that can use various of tools. – NON-OLYMPIAN COMBATIVE
SPORTS
4. This can be pinning, clinching, and takedown oriented wrestling combative technique. – GRAPPLING
5. Also known as the French Wrestling. – GRECO-ROMAN WRESTLING
6. What is the meaning of FIE in fencing? – FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE D’ESCRIME
7. Individual foil for women was first included in the ____ Olympic Games. – 1924
8. Under the types of swords in fencing, the tip of the blade is simply rounded and not pressure-sensitive
and characterized by cutting rather than thrust. – SABRE
9. It is the chest protector of a combatant in kendo or Japanese fencing. – DO
10. The word “Kendo” means? – THE WAY OF SWORD
11. He is the father of Japanese sports. – JIGORO KANO
12. Protection area in wrestling have a 9 ft. wide and surrounds the positivity zone in the competition. –
FALSE
13. It is a fighting sport that involves tactics such as clinch fighting, throws, and takedown, joint locks,
pins, and grappling. – WRESTLING
14. Judo Mat has a surface that measures 46 ft. x 52 ft. – TRUE
15. In his lifetime, Jigoro Kano obtained a doctorate in Judo. – TRUE
16. Singlet is the outfit of wrestling. – TRUE
17. Judo sport is the sport that two opponents fight bare-handedly and try to pin each other to the floor
using different holds. – FALSE
18. It is the official who coordinates the work of the referee and the judge. – MAT CHAIRPERSON
19. They were the organization that develop and establish wrestling. - Deutsche Athleten-Verband (DAV)
20. Judo’s Olympic Debut came at Tokyo Games in 1977. – FALSE
21. Bridge out is the move used to escape the opponent, the wrestler rolls from a bridge to the stomach. –
TRUE
22. The word KODOKAN in judo was divided into 3 terms, this term means lecture, study or method in
judo. – KO
23. When does a judge in wrestling award points? – AFTER PINNING DOWN
24. The objective of this combative sport is to throw or take the opponent to the ground or either pin the
opponent or force a submission by means of a joint lock or choke. – JUDO
25. Surprise and speed are essential in this certain type of combative sports and can be used in close-up
warfare. – UNARMED COMBATIVE SPORT
26. In Judo ‘Ju’ means gentleness or giving life. – FALSE
27. Wrestling is one of the oldest forms of combat. – TRUE
28. The real meaning of KODOKAN in Judo. – THE PLACE TO STUDY THE WAY.
29. In the Olympic Games the category of Judo Middleweight Men’s must be 90kg (198.5lb). – TRUE
30. It is the size of the central wrestling area. – 7 METERS