STD 5 Social Studies Notes

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SOCIAL
STUDIES
STD 5 NOTES
TERM ONE
THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
Define a map
A map is a drawing which represents the earth or the part of the earth on a flat surface
These flat surface could be of the sheet of paper, chalkboard or a wall
Elements of a good map
The elements of a good map include:
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Title
Key
Compass direction
Frame
Scale
TITLE
This is the heading or name given to a map
It is usually written at the top of the map
It helps a person to identify the place shown on the map
FRAME
A frame is a boarder that is drawn around a map
It encloses the map and makes it look neat
www.arena.co.ke 0713779527
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KEY
This is a list of the symbols that have been used on a map and what they represent
Symbols are usually small pictures drawings or letters
The symbols show the real object found in the area being represented by the map
A key help us to know what each symbol stand for
Mountain
SCH School
Mining
P.S Police station
SCALE
A scale shows the relationship between the distance on the map and the real distance on the
ground
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When drawing a map , it is necessary to reduce the area being shown so that it can fit on the paper
Example: 1 cm on the paper may represent 50km on the ground
This helps us to calculate the real distance on the ground between two points or places in a map
16 points of the compass
A compass help us to locate the direction of a place on the map
The arrow is pointing the north part
Compass is either used in the airport, by the pilots and captain in the ship
The four cardinal points are:
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North
South
East
West
Some place are located between the eight point
Example: between north and north east
To locate these place the eight point compass can further be divided into sixteen point compass
Eg.
Between North and North East, we get North North East(NNE)
Between South and South West we get South South West
POSITION OF KENYA IN RELATION TO HER NEIGHBOURS
Kenya has several neighbors
These are:
Uganda to the west
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Tanzania to the south west
Ethiopia to the north
Somalia to the east
South Sudan to the north west
Or
Kenya lies to the south of Ethiopia
It lies to the north and north east of Tanzania
It lies to the north west of the Indian ocean
It lies to the south east of South Sudan
It lies to the west of Somalia
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Locating using latitude and longitude
Kenya lies between 50 N and 50S while longitudes are 340 and 42 0
E
Size and shape of Kenya
Kenya covers an area of 582, 646 square kilometers
It is about 500 km from east to west and about 1000 km north to south
The country is wide to the north and at the centre and narrow down toward the south
MAIN PHYSICAL FEATURES
Location of the main physical features
Physical features are the natural things that are found on the surface of the earth
They include:
Swamps
Lakes
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Oceans
Plains
Rivers
Mountains
Plateaus
Valleys
These features are grouped as either relief or drainage features
RELIEF:
Refer to the rise and fall of the land
They include: mountains
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Hills
Valleys
Plains
Highland
Lowland
DRAINAGE:
Refers to all features that are related to water and its movement
They include :
Basins
Swamps
Rivers
Dams
Lakes
Oceans
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RELIEF FEATURES
Mountains
They are masses of very high land
Mt Kenya is the highest mountain. It re\ises a height of about 5199 m above sea level with the
highest point Batian followed by Nelion
Hills
Hills are raised part of the earth that are smaller than mountain
The Rift valley
It is a big depression with steep side
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It is formed when two parallel cracks develop on the earth surface and the land between them
sinks
In Kenya it extends from lake Turkana in the north to lake Natron at the boundary of Kenya
Tanzania border
Plateaus
They are wide raised ground with a surface that is almost flat
Example: the yatta plateaus in yatta
Plains
They are large areas of land that have a surface that is nearly flat or level
Eg.
Athi kapiti plain
Lotikipi plain
Escarpment
Are steep slopes of the rift valley
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They cover relatively large areas
Eg. Nandi escarpment
Drainage features
Rivers
A river is a large natural stream of water that flows in a definite channel across the land
Some rivers dry during dry season and are called seasonal rivers
Other rivers flow throughout the year and are called permanent rivers
A place where rivers start is called the source
A place where rivers drain it’s water is known as the mouth
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River source mouth
Tana mt. Kenya Indian ocean
Ewaso nyiro north arbadere / Nyandarua Lorian swamp
Athi/ sabaki Ngong hills Indian ocean
Nyando and Yala Nandi hills l. victoria
Turkwel mt Elgon Turkana
Nzoia mt Elgon Victoria
Swamps
They are wet places covered with water and some vegetation
They are also called marshes
Swamps are areas that are poorly drained
The main swamps in Kenya are:
Lorian swamp where river Ewaso nyiro north drains
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Yala swamps on river yala
Ocean
An ocean is a mass of salty water that covers a large area
The Indian ocean is the only ocean found near Kenya
Some rivers like Tana and Athi drain into it
Lake
A lake is a body of water that is surrounded by land
Most lakes in Kenya are on the surface of the Rift valley
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NB: refer to the table that shows the relief features in Kenya and region where found
Our lives today bk 5 page 11
Relief region of Kenya
A relief region is a large area with generally similar characteristics because of the physical features
found there
Eg.
The coastal plains
The highland
The lake Victoria basin
The plateaus
The Rift valley
Characteristics of relief region in Kenya
The coastal plain
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A plain is a low-lying surface that is almost flat
The coastal p[lain covers the coast and the north eastern region
Characteristics:
They boarder the Indian ocean
The height of the plain rises from sea level ,200 m above sea level
The plains are narrow at the Kenya- Tanzania Border but become very wide around the area where
river Tana approaches the Indian ocean
There are small hills within the plains such as Shimba hills in Kwale district
The plateaus
A plateau is a wide raised ground with a surface that is almost flat
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Characteristics
Its surface is generally flat
It lies between 250m and 1100 m above sealevel
It is lower to the east and gradually rise above to the west
Some hills like the Taita and Huri hills rise above the level surface
Many other small hills that have resisted erosion are found(inselbergs)
The Nyiro Ndoto mountain, mt Kular and mt Marsabit are found in the region
The yatta plateau, athi and kapiti plains form part of this region
It is mainly covered with grass and thortly bushes
The highland
Highlands are areas with many mountains and high hills
Characteristics
It lies between 1500 and 5199m above sea level
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Mt Kenya is the highest point on the highland east of the rift valley(5199m)
Mt elgon is the highest point on the highland west of the rift valley(4321m)
The highland east of the rift valley are the source of rivers like tana and athi which flow to the
Indian ocean
Thios region rises above thye general level of the plateaus
The rift valley
It cuts across Kenya from lake turkana in the north down to the Kenya – Tanzania border at lake
natron
Characteristics
Some part of the rift valley are valley low: lotikipi plain near lake turkana and deep valley such as
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kerio valley and suguta
Other areas like kabazi moto and elburgon are quite high. Mountains like suswa and longonot rise
above the floor of the rift valley
It is bordered by steep sides called escarpments on both sides
It has several shallow lakes which are also long and narrow
The lake Victoria basin
This region mainly cover areas around lake Victoria
Characteristics
I lies between 1000m and 2000m above sea level
Some areas in this region experience floods during rainy season : kano plains
The region has some plateaus such as nyabondo plateau
Hills such as gwasi, kaksingiri and homa are also found in this region
The height of the land increases away from the lake
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Influence of physical features on human activities
Mountains and hills
Mountains help in the formation of rainfall. The rainfall received in this region is called relief rainfall
The cool temperature experienced in places with hills and mountains encourage dairy farming
High rainfall, cool temperature and fertile soil in areas around mountains and hills encourage
settlement
Mountains encourage recreational activities such as mountain climbing
It encourage foreign and domestic tourists visiting the area with mountains and high attitude
The presence of mountains and hills makes it difficult to construct road and railways
Plateaus
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Plateaus are mainly covered with grass. Good areas for pastrolism
Those areas are also good for wildlife. Many gameparks and game reserves are located in these
areas
Construction of reads and railways in this region is easy because the surface is flat
The rift valley
It has beautiful sites, diverse wildlife and attractive scenery that encourage tourism
The fertile soil in the region encourage crop farming eg. Nakuru and eldoret The steep
side of the rift valley is not suitable for farming and settlement Construction of roads
and railways along the escarpments of the rift valley is difficult
Rivers and lakes
They encourage settlements because they are sources of water for domestic use and irrigation
They encourage economic activities such as fishing, farming, basketly and weaving
Rivers and lakes are used as a means of transport: lake Victoria and tana
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Rivers that are prone to flooding discourage settlement e.g. river nzoia, which floods at bundalangi
plain
Swamps
Swamps discourage human settlement because they are bleeding ground for bilharzias worms and
mosquitoes which causes diseases
They make construction of road and railway difficult because of stagnant water
Evaluation question pg 19: our lives today book 5
CLIMATE
Weather is the condition of the atmosphere of a place at a particular time
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It could be rainy, sunny, windy or cloudy at a given place at a certain time
The average weather condition of a place for a very long time around 30 to 35 years is called
climate
Climate can be described as wet, dry, hot, cold, warm or cool
The climate regions of Kenya
Different parts of Kenya have different types of climate
Kenya has five climatic regions:
The hot and wet climate region: also called modified equatorial climate
The cool and wet climatic region, also called modified tropical
The tropical climate region
The hot and dry region: also called semi-desert and desert climate
Mountain climate region
Characteristics of climate region
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The modified equatorial climatic region
This climatic region is found in the coastal and lake victiria regions of Kenya
Examples of places:
Mombasa
Malindi
Kisumu
In this region, temperature are normally high over 25 degrees of the year
The daily range of temperature is low
This region receive convectional rainfall
Rainfall is high between 1000mm to 1500 mm per year
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The area experience a long rainy season between March and June and a short rainy season
between October and December
The climate is affected by the winds blowing from the coast
Rainfall is well distributed throughout the year
The region is hot and wet throughout the year
The modified tropical climatic region
This climatic region is found in the Kenya highlands
Areas such as kisii, kitale, kericho, Nairobi
Characteristics
The region receives relief rainfall because of the high altitude
The temperature in this region ranges between 18 and 25 degrees
This region receives a lot of rainfall . it varies between 1100mm and 2400 mm per year
The higher altitude causes the temperature to be lower
The region is generally cool and wet throughout the year
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The tropical climatic region
This region covers kwale, taita and narok areas
Characteristics
High temperature
One rainy season
In some part, the dry seasons continues over five months
Rainfall does not normally exceed 1000mm per year
The semi desert and desert climatic regions
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This climatic region is found in northern, north eastern and some parts of eastern Kenya
Most of these areas are low-lying and are almost flat eg. Chalbi desert in marsabit
Characteristics
Temperatures are usually high during the day and low during the night
Temperature is low because there are no high features like mountains to help in the formation of
relief rainfall
The region is hot and dry throughout the year
The dry season is long especially in the desert region
Most of the months are dry causing drought
The mountain climatic region
High mountain like mt Kenya and elgon have special climate because of high altitude
Characteristics
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Rainfall is high, varies between 1100mm and 2300 mm per year
The temperature is low varying from zero to 15 degrees
The region is generally cold and wet throughout the year
The region is characterized by two sides, leeward and windward sides
The leeward side is also known as rain shadow
The windward side receive relief rainfall while leeward side id drier
NB: draw a map of Kenya showing the following regions in page 21 : our lives today
The influence of climate on human activities
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Climate has a great effect on the way we live and thingsa we do
It determines the type of farming activities we carry out
Hot and wet climate
Its good for farming
Crops grown under this climate are:
Bananas in kisii
Sugarcane in mumias and muhoroni
Sisal, cashew nuts and coconuts
The cool and wet climate
It is good for farming
It encourages the cultivation of crops like maize, coffee, tea and pyrethrum
Dairy farming is also carried out in this climatic region eg. Kiambu and eldoret
Climate is also suitable for forests
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Timber and wood are common in regions with this climate
The dry and hot climate
It discourages farming
The main economic carried out is pastoralism
People move from ne place to another to search for greener pastures and water because of the
climate
This practice is called nomadic pastoralism
Where cultivation is done drought resistant crops are grown eg. Millet and green grams
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Climate also influence human activities in the following ways
It determines the kind of house we build: people living in hot areas use material that cool the
temperature: Mombasa they use makuti
Climatic conditions determine the mode os dressing of people
Climate determine the settlement pattern in different areas. Many people settle in areas with
adequate rainfall
SOIL
Soils are layers of material on the earths surface on which plants grow
Major soil types in Kenya
There are different types of soil:
Alluvial soil
Volcanic soil
Black cotton soil
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Loamy soil
Sandy soil
Alluvial soils
It is newly formed soil
Also known as young soil
They are formed after deposition of eroded material
They are found in rivers, valleys, flood plain and near mouths of rivers eg. Yula, kuja, (gucha), nzoia,
athi, tana and sondu miriu
Volcanic soil
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Volcanic soil are red in colour
Are found in the highland and some parts of the rift valley
Are very fertile
Also known as red earth soil
Are good for growing tea, coffee and pyrethrum
Black cotton soil
Are also known as clay soil
They have several small particles
They crack when dry
When it rains they become sticky and heavy
They do nt lose water easily
It is found in the plains of transmara, narok, kajiado kapiti, kano, muvaa and samburu area
Sandy soil
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Are commonly found in the arid and semi arid areas such as northern Kenya and coastal region
They are also found in some rivers valleys
They have some large particles
They lose water very fast
They are not very fertile
Loamy soil
Loamy soil is a mixture of sand and clay soil and are fertile
Are commonly found in some part of western, nyanza and rift valet
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Uses of soils
Soil is used in many different ways
Soil is used to grow food and cashcrops
Volcanic soils are suitable for growing crops such as coffee and tea
Sandy soil clay soil alluvial and loamy soil
Mangoes rice maize
Cashew nuts cotton beans
Coconuts maize vegetables
Sisal potatoes
Some soils are used as building materials: sand and clay
The growth of grass and other vegetation is supported by soil
Soil is used in the pottery industry to make pots, jars and jikos
Some soils are used for decoration during traditional ceremonies: red ochres used by maasai and
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samburu
Soil is used to bury the dead
Soils is used for religious reasons: places of worship such as shrines and alters are made of clay
and sand soil
During circumcision, some communities smear mud on the bodies of the young people to make
them numb
Soil erosion
It is the process by which the top soil is carried away by either water or wind
Causes of soil erosion
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Cutting down of trees leaving the land bare(deforestation)
Overstocking and overgrazing
Mono-cropping
Improper cultivation practices
VEGETATION
Refers to grass, bushes, trees and other plants which grow naturally in an area as well as those
planted by people
Types of vegetation in Kenya
Forests
Savannah grassland
Semi desert and desert
Swamp vegetation
Savannah woodland
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Scrub
Mangrove forests
Mountain vegetation
Forests
A forest is a large area with many trees growing close together
Trees are of different types or of same type
Trees form continuous layer at the top called canopy
Examples of trees are:
Mvule Camphor
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Mahogany Ebony
Meru-oak Podo
Elgon teak
Found in natural forests than in highlands Plants such as cactus

trees are part of this
Pine Trees are shorter and vegetation
more scattered than in
Cyprus forest vegetation
Eucalyptus Trees grow together Mangrove forests
Found in planted forests with tall grass
These are also called
mangrove swamps
Savannah grassland Dry bush-land and scrub It consists of hardy

vegetation mangrove trees
This is an area that
receive very low rainfall This type of vegetation Trees are of medium
grow in areas with a height
Mainly consist of grass long dry season
They grow on saline/
They are short scattered It consists of short salty water
trees within the scattered bushes with
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grassland short tough grass They are hard wood
The main trees are Trees such as baobab They have breathing
acacia and cactus are found in roots that grow on
this type surface of water
The largest part of
Kenya is covered by this They grow along the
vegetation coastline
Desert and semi desert
Trees form an umbrella vegetation
shape Swamp vegetation
This type of vegetation
is found in areas with These are also called
little and unreliable marshes
Savanna woodland
rainfall
vegetation The area has poor
Vegetation consists of drainage
This type of vegetation
short thorny bushes and
is found in areas that Vegetation consists of
tufts of grass
receive lower rainfall papyrus and reeds
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Areas around mt Kenya Eldoret
Mountain vegetation Mt elgon Kericho
This type is found in very The abardares Kitale

high attitude areas
which are normally very Kakamega Kapsabet
cold Mau forest
It consists of tough Kaimosi Savannah grassland
grass, shrubs, hardwood vegetation
trees, bamboo trees and Molo
bushland which are Busia
Kaptagat
found at different height
Nakuru
Kilifi
(diagram)
Naivasha
Malindi
Nanyuki
Distribution of
Laikipia
vegetation in Kenya Savanna woodland
Forests This type found
of vegetation
is mainly on
Big forests are found in:
western parts of Kenya
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Dry bushland and scrub vegetation
It is found on eastern part of Kenya in the nyika plateaus
Machakos
Kitui
Kajiado
Mwingi
Narok
Laikipia
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Desert and semi desert
Much of the northern and part of the eastern sides of Kenya have this kind of vegetation
Garissa Mountain vegetation are houses while grass is
found on high used to thatch: the roof
Wajir mountains like mt Kenya of traditional houses
Lodwar and mt elgon
Trees are a source of
Marsabit firewood which is used
for cooking in rural
Mandera Importance of
areas
vegetation
Vegetation makes the
It protects soils from
environment beautiful
Mangrove forests erosion
Trees acts as wind
It is found in the coastal Forests modifies
breakers
of Kenya climate and also act as
water catchment areas Trees attract rainfall
They are common along
river mouths or delta Savanna grassland
areas areas are good for
grazing field for pastoral QUESTIONS
communities like Name the type of
Swamp vegetation maasai vegetation found along
the coast of
____
It is found in the lorian Some tree roots and
Kenya
swamp in wajir and leaves are used to make
lotikipi plain west of lake herbal medicine
turkana Name two vegetation
Forests are home for
found in swampy
In western along river wild animals and birds
areas
yala and nzoia
Trees produce logs and
Name one tree that is
The vegetation occurs timber which are raw
found in
around lake Victoria and materials for paper and
savanna
the lower part of river furniture industries
tana between bura and
Reeds from swamps are
delta Cutting down of trees
used in basketry and
without replacing them
weaving
is called
Mountain vegetation Timber from trees is

used to construct
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Keeping a large number alluvial soil is found

of animals in a small
Which vegetation form a
area is a practice called
canopy v
Name two economic

Cutting down trees
activities carried out in
without replacing them
exposes top soil to Bricks for building highlands
erosion by houses are made from

soi
l
Which communities
decorate their hair and Name the type of soil Highlands have which
heads with red found at the mouth of type of
soil river climate
_
Name the type of soil Apart from tea, name The economic activities
that is found in two other crops grown carried in leeward
coast under cool and wet side
climate _
Name the type of soil What is

found in the flood altitude
____
plains
Name two national Give the reason why
parks found in the hot Mombasa receive little
Name the type of soil
and dry climate rainfall than nyeri
found in the
plain
Give the reason why
Another name for black embu is cold than
cotton is People moving from one malindi
place to another looking

for water and greener
Which of the following pasture for the animals
activities can be done on are called
PEOPLE AND
volcanic
POPULATION
soil
_ The main economic Kenya is made up of

activities carried out in
people from different
Name three areas where hot and dry climate is
communities
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The Africana are the abagusii, abakuria Duruma

majority
Eastern : Kambo
Other communities
found in Kenya are th e Central Bantus: agikuyu, Kauma
aembu, akamba,
European, semites and
ambeere Jibana
Asians
Coastal Bantus: pokomo, Chonyi
wadawida(taita),
The language groups wataveta, mijikenda, Rabai
found in Kenya include waswahili Ribe
Bantu
Nilotes NILOTES
Semites Western Bantus The original homeland
Cushites The first group of the of the nilotes was in
western Bantus left southern sudan
Asians congo and entered Nilotes practiced
European Kenya through the pastoralism and grow
western part of the cash crops like millet
country and sorghum
Bantu Eastern Bantus Nilotes are divided into
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The original homeland They migrated from three groups:
of the bantu was the congo through the River-lake nilotes
congo forest in th southern part of lake
Democtatic Republic of Victoria Plain nilotes
Congo
They moved and settled Highland nilotes
They were mainly on the slopes of mt
cultivators Kenya, Kilimanjaro and
taita hills Highland nilotes:
Bantus are divided into:
The coastal Bantus Kipsigis
Eastern Bantus
include: mijikenda:
Western Bantus Sabaot
Giriama
Nandi
Digo
Western: abaluhya, Pokot
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Marakwet Keiyo Tugen
River lake nilotes:
Luo
Plain nilotes:
Iteso
maasai
turkana
njemps(illchamus)
samburu
River lake nilotes
Luo
Are the only people in Kenya who belong to this group
____
The abasuba
They are sometimes grouped together with the luo
However they consisted mainly of bantu people
Highland nilotes
Collectively are known as kalenjin
They practiced mixed farming on the slopes of mt elgon
Later spread to other parts of rift valley
Plain nilotes
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They are called plain nilotes because they settled on the plain where they practiced
pastoralism
Cushites
They originally moved from southern Ethiopia where they kept sheep cattle and goats
They also grow sorghum and millet
They are classified into two groups
Southern cushites
Eastern cushites
Southern cushites:
Sanye
Dahallo
Eastern cushites:
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Somali
Borana
Gall/ oromo
Gabra
Rendille
Burji
The Asians
Their homeland is asia
They came to Kenya during the construction of Kenya – Uganda railway
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They were brought by british to provide cheap labour that was needed during
construction of the railway
The main Asians in Kenya consists:
Indians
Pakistans
Japanese
Chinese
European
Most of the European in Kenya live in town
They are mainly business people and others are living in country side where they
practice farming
They include:
Germans
Britain
France
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Italy
Questions: our lives today pg 42
Factors influencing population distribution in Kenya
Population: refers to total number of people living in a particular area
Some areas in Kenya have many people while others have very few people
Arteas with many people are known as densely populated while areas with few people
are called sparsely populated
The way people are spread over the country is called population distribution
Climate
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Soil
Relief
Swamps
Towns
Mining
Government policy
Population distribution in Kenya
The population can be dense or sparse
Population density refers to the number of people living in a given area of land
Population density can be described as high, medium or low
Population density is found by dividing the total number of people in a given place by
the area of the land
Density = population
Area km2
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Draw a map in our lives today showing population distribution in Kenya pg 45
Area with high population in Kenya
Major towns like Nairobi, Mombasa, Kisumu
Areas along the coast especially near Mombasa
Parts of machakos in the highland
Parts of central and eastern region of Kenya: nyeri, meru
Kisii highland
Part of western region of Kenya: kakamega
Parts of the nyanza region, north of lake Victoria
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Areas with medium population
Some p[arts of eastern region of Kenya like makueni and mbeere
Some parts of central region like makuyu and ndeiya
Central parts of rift valley like Nakuru, eldoret, koibatek, kericho
Some parts of nyanza like kuria
Some area around voi, garissa, wajir, mandera and lodwar
Areas with low population in Kenya
Most of northern and north eastern parts of Kenya
Most areas along the boundary of Kenya and Tanzania
Questions: our lives today pg 47
SOCIAL RELATIONS AND CULTURAL ACTIVITIES
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Traditional forms of education
Education help people to become useful members of the society
In the past there were no schools that children attended to learn
During the past pupils were taught by their parents, grandparents, relatives, playmates
and people with specialized skills
Boys were taught by their fathers and grandfathers how to carry/ perform the roles that
were carried out by men. These include hunting and looking after cattle
Girls were taught by their mothers, aunts and grandmothers how to cook, house keeping
and fetching firewood and water
During initiation boys and girls were taught on how to be responsible people in the
society
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Traditional forms of learning
Through observing and imitation
Through working with adults
Through story telling
Through playing
Through ceremonies
Learning from specialists (apprenticeship)
Through proverbs, riddles and wise sayings
Types of cultural artifacts
Culture: is the way of life of the people in a society
It is the way people do things
They include:
Mode of dressing
Type of buildings
____
The type of food they eat
The ceremonies
The relationship among members
Cultural artifacts: are things that were made and used by the community in the past
Our ancestors made and used items that are no longer in use today
These items were made from:
Wood
Stones
Iron
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Clay
Examples of cultural artifacts
Tools used in hunting
Weapons
Ornaments
Musical instruments
Fishing and cultivators tools
NB: refer to examples that are in the table : our lives today pg 51
Importance of cultural artifacts
Help us to know our ancestors and their origin
Show how tools were developed from the simple one to the complex ones
We are able to identify the various activities that different communities were involved in
____
by studying the tools
Help us to understand the history of a community where there is no written information
Artifacts tell us about the lifestyle or culture of our ancestors
It informs us of the materials that were available for use in the past
Meaning of ageset and agegroup
Age was an important factor because it defines an individuals role and duties in the
society
Age group
It is a group of people who wrer born at around the same time and initiated almost at
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the same time
People with an age difference of between one and five years belong to one age group
Age set
An age set is made up of two or more age groups
Among the kalenjin for example, people of an age difference of upto 15 years belong to
one age set
Examples of kalenjin age set
Maina
Korongoro
Kimnyige
Chumo
Kipkoimet
Nyongi
Sawe
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Kaplelach
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Members of the age-set worked together and they formed worriors to defend the
community
Aspects of our culture that should be preserved
Use of songs, riddles and proverbs to teach moral and proper behaviours
Marriage practices which involved the entire community
Use of traditional food
Respect for human life and for the old in society
Caring for the needy eg. Sick, orphans and the old
Use of elders to settle conflicts
Good behavior and moral values
Interaction among Kenyan communities in the past
To interact is to communicate with somebody especially as you work play or spend

time with him or her
____
Birth and naming ceremonies
During initiation
Marriage ceremonies
Games and sports
During trade
Migration
Calamities
Wars
Interaction among the Kenyan communities today
[email protected]
There are many things that brings members of different communities together today.
They include:
Birthday celebrations
Weddings
Educational institutions
During trade
Games and sport
The national media
Youth groups and women groups
Seminars
NB: others form of interaction include, in the place of recreation like theatre and
parks
Evaluation: our lives today page 59
QUESTIONS
The largest group in Kenya is
____
State the original homeland of the following groups:
bantu
nilotes
cushites
semites
name three coastal Bantus in Kenya
State the main reason why bantu migrated from shungwaya
[email protected]
Name four communities that make kalenjin
Name three communities that belong to plain nilotes
What is the main economic activity of the plain nilotes
The cushites are divided into two groups
Semites came to Kenya mainly to
Name Cushitic speakers found in kenya
Define the following:
Population distribution
____
population
What is the difference between the densily populated and sparsely populated
area
Semites originated from
Give the reason why garissa and mandera is not densily populated
State the factors that affect population distribution in Kenya
Name three areas in Kenya with medium population density
[email protected]
Give the reason why the area around Mombasa has a high population density
What is the meaning of the following terms
Age group
Age set
Name four methods that were used to teach people in the past
Give two advantages of traditional forms of education
The traditional method of learning that people observed and practiced later is called
Name three artefacts that you know
____
Artefacts are stored in a place called
What is culture
Name two ways of interaction that were used during the past
[email protected]
CLASS FIVE
TERM TWO
RESOURCES AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
Resources are things that we use to create wealth
Examples
Land
Minerals
Animals
Forests
____
Water
Soil
Manpower
Economic activities are things that people do in order to create wealth
Refers to the use of resources available in order to create wealth or earn a living
Examples
Mining
Fishing
Saw milling
Agriculture
[email protected]
Transport
Communication
AGRICULTURE
This is the growing of crops and keeping of animals
It is the main economic activity in Kenya
It is the main source of revenue to the people in rural areas
Done by both large scale and small scale farmers
Growing of crops and keeping of animals in the same piece of land is called mixed
farming
TRADITIONAL METHODS OF FARMING
Traditional farming is a type of farming carried out by people for a long time
Characteristics of traditional farming
____
Was mainly for subsistence
Farmers used simple tools
Farmers kept traditional animals
Mainly depended on family labour
Mainly practiced on small scale
Land was communally owned
Forms of traditional farming
Shifting cultivation
[email protected]
Bush fallowing
Shifting cultivation
Also known as slash and burn agriculture
Land was prepared by burning and clearing vegetation
Land was cultivated continuously until it lost its fertility
Farmers then moved on to a new piece of land
Was done in sparsely populated areas
Bush farming
Land was cultivated for a period of time and then left to fallow
Land was left fallow so as to regain fertility
People moved to a new piece of land for a few years
People would go back to the old land
Done where farmers lived permanently on the land
____
Subsistence crops grown in traditional farming
It is the growing of crops mainly for home use
The main crops are
Millet Simsim
Sorghum Peas
Cassava Sweet potatoes
Beans Manage
Yams Saga
Arrowroots Terere
Foods storage in traditional farming
[email protected]
Baskets Smoking
Gourds Salting
Calabashes Roasting
Sun drying Hanging on poles
Cash crops grown in Kenya
It is the growing of crops mainly for sale
Also called commercial farming
They include
Tea Sun flower
Coffee Vegetables
Flowers Sugarcane
Pyrethrum Fruits
Wheat
____
TEA
It is a beverage crop
Mainly grown for its leaves
Grown in both
Small scale and large scale
Grown in large farms called estates or plantation
Harvested by hand picking its leaves
Grown in highland areas
Factors influencing the growing of tea
[email protected]
High altitude between 1520m – 2280m
High rainfall between 1250mm – 1650mm per year
Cool temperatures between 10o c- 21o c
Deep fertile well drained volcanic soils
A lot of labour during harvesting
Areas free from frost
Areas where grown
Kericho Bomet
Nandi Nyeri
Limuru Murang’a
Bureti Kirinyaga
Kiambu Kakamega
Meru Vihiga
Benefits of growing tea
Earn foreign exchange when exported
____
Processed tea leaves are used to make a drink
Source of income for the farmers
Creation of employment in factories and tea farms
Development of good roads
Improved standard of living
Questions
What are cash crops?
List down 6 cash crops grown in Kenya
Tea is manly grown in
[email protected]
The best soil for growing tea is
What is the meaning of K.F.D.D?
Which is the main tea growing area in Kenya?
WHEAT
It is a cereal crop
Mainly grown in large farms
Also grown in small scale
It is highly mechanized
Harvested by use of combined harvester machines
Factors influencing growing of wheat
Moderate rainfall 700mm – 1000mm
Cool temperatures of about 20 o c
Fertile well drained soil
Gently sloping land because of machine use
Warm dry sunny period during harvesting
____
Areas where grown
Narok Nyeri
Laikipia Trans Mara
Molo Uasin gishu
Nyandarua Koibatek
Nakuru Londiani
Trans zoia Samburu
Importance of wheat
[email protected]
Source of income for farmers Creates
employment opportunities Wheat flour
is used in baking industries
FLOWERS
Growing of flowers is called floriculture
Kenya is a major producer of flowers in the world
Are mainly grown in special structures called greenhouses
Are grown in Kenya due to high demand in Europe
Are transported by air because they are perishable
Mainly grown flowers are
Roses
Carnations
Daisies
Orchids
Factors influencing growing flowers
____
Sufficient rainfall
Warm temperatures
Well drained fertile soils
Green houses
Good transport network
Plenty of labour force
Growing areas are

Kiambu Thika
Naivasha Koibatek
Eldoret Timau
Limuru Trans zoia
[email protected]
Juja Kieni west
Athi River
Importance of flowers
Source of government revenue Earns
country foreign exchange Source of
income for flowers farmers
Source of employment in flower farms
COTTON
Is both a Fibre and oil crop
Mainly grown because of its Fibre
Grows under natural conditions or irrigations
Harvested by use of hands
Harvested cotton is processed in ginneries
Cotton fibres are called lint
____
Cotton seeds are used in making cooking oil and margarine
Factors influencing growing of cotton
Moderate rainfall between 500ml – 1100ml
Warm temperatures 18oc – 21o c
Fertile and well drained soils (black cotton soil)
Low – lying areas or plains
Dry weather during ripening and harvesting
Regular spraying to control pests and diseases
Plenty/enough labour
[email protected]
Areas of production
Kitui Tharaka Tana river
Imenti Mbeere Kirinyaga
Baringo Teso Makueni
Meru Migori
It is grown under irrigation in
Bura
Hola
Galole in lower Tana
Lake Kenyatta scheme
Importance of cotton
Source of income for the farmers
Exported textile and clothes earns foreign exchange
Growth of textile factories
Creation of employment in cotton farms and factories
DAIRY FARMING
____
This is the keeping of cattle for milk production
Practiced by both large scale and small scale
Mainly done in the highlands
Where land is small farmers practice zero – grazing
In zero – grazing animals are kept in sheds or enclosed stalls
Mainly dairy cattles kept
Ayrshire
Jersey
Fresian
Guernsey
[email protected]
The K.C.C collects, transports and processes milk for farmers
Conditions favoring dairy farming
High and reliable rainfall for pasture growth
Cool temperatures Good
transport system Plenty of
grass and pasture Ready
pasture
Dairy farming areas

Meru Eldoret
Murang’a Molo
Kiambu Naivasha
Limuru Kirinyaga
Londiana Nyeri
Embu Bungoma
Kilifi Kitale
Nyandarua Elburgon
____
Nandi Juja
Benefits of dairy farming
Source of income for farmers
Creation of employment opportunities
Promotes growth of industries
Provides us with milk and milk products
Export of dairy products earns foreign exchange
Animal’s droppings are used as manure on farms
[email protected]
Problems facing dairy farming
Mismanagement of dairy cooperatives
Delayed payment for ilk delivered
Low payment for the milk
Inadequate storage facilities
Poor transport network
Pests and diseases
Distance from the market
Exploitation of farmers by middle men
POULTRY FARMING
This is the keeping of birds for meat and egg production
Mainly kept poultry
Chicken
Turkey
Ducks
Geese
____
Ostriches
Done on small scale and large scale
Ostriches are kept for their meat and feathers
Large scale poultry farming is called commercial poultry farming
Most large poultry farming are near urban areas
Urban areas provide ready market for poultry and poultry products
There are traditional and grade chicken
Grade chicken are fed on special feeds
Special feeds of chicken kept are
Layers
[email protected]
Broilers
Layers are kept mainly for eggs production
Broilers are kept mainly for meat production
Farmers buy young chicks from hatcheries
Small scale poultry farming is wide spread in the country
Large scale farming is done in
Kiambu
Thika
Nairobi
Murang’a
Athiriver
Methods of poultry farming
Free range also known as backyard rearing
It is the cheapest method
Also known as traditional poultry keeping
____
Modern poultry farming
Deep little
Battery cage
Fold system
Benefits of poultry farming
It’s a source of food (protein)
Creates employment
Source of income for farmers
Chicken droppings are used as manure to increase soil fertility
[email protected]
Problems facing poultry farming
Attacks by pests and diseases
High cost of poultry feeds and drugs
Competition from other sources of protein
Inadequate capital to manage the farms
Lack of good marketing system
Over production sometimes lowers the prices in the market
Lack of sufficient skills and knowledge on production
PSs pg 73
Our lives today pg 77
MINING
It is the removal of minerals from the ground
Minerals are the precious valuables materials dug from the ground
Can be found on the surface or from underground
Minerals exist in 3 forms
____
Solid
Liquid
Gaseous
Major minerals mined in Kenya
Soda ash
Diatomite
Salt
Limestone
Fluorspar
[email protected]
Sand
Activity
Draw the map on pg 78 our lives today s/ s
SODA ASH
Is the leading mineral in Kenya?
Mined at Lake Magadi in kajiado
Method of mining is dredging
Machine used to mine is a dredger
Rock containing soda ash is called trona
Mixture of water and trona is called slurry
It is transported by rail to Mombasa for export
For use in Kenya it is transported by road to Nairobi
SALT
Most common minerals used at homes
Mined at
____
Lake Magadi in Kajiado
Fundisa and Ngomeni in Malindi
FLOUSPAR
Mined at Kimwarer in Kericho valley north of Eldoret
Also mined at Kapedo
Second most important mineral in Kenya
Method of mining is opencast or quarrying or open – pit method
DIATOMITE
[email protected]
Mined at Kariandusi near Gilgil
Gicheru slopes of Aberdare ranges
Made from remains of Dead Sea creature called diatoms
Mined through open cast method
Is a white chalk like mineral?
Is fine grained and allows liquids to pass through
LIMESTONE
Is a hard rock material
Mined through open cast method
Mined at
Athi River near Nairobi
Bamburi near Mombasa
Koru near Kisumu
Homa hills near Homabay
Sultan Hamud
Kajiado
____
Moroto in Kapenguria
SAND
Occurs naturally in river beds and shores of lakes
Mined by scooping method
Scooping is done by use of scooping shovels and spades
Deposits found in
Machakos
Makueni
Mwingi
[email protected]
Kibwezi
Kajiado
Kwale
Taita
Shore of L. Victoria
Importance of mining
Creation of employment in mining companies
Revenue for the government as companies pays their taxes
Improvement of transport and communication facilities
Development of towns
Earns foreign exchange when exported
Growth of industries
Increased trade
Migration of people to mining areas
Development of social services in mining areas like schools
____
Our lives today pg 82-83
Ps/s pg 77
FISHING
Is the removal or harvesting of fish from water for?
Home use as food
Sale
May be done in the ocean, lakes, rivers or ponds
Young fish are called fingerlings
[email protected]
Major fishing grounds
Are areas where fishing is carried out?
Fishing grounds are also called fisheries
Fishing grounds are divided into 2
Inland fishing
Marine fishing
Inland fishing is carried out in fresh water bodies like lakes, swamps, rivers, fish
farms
Main inland fishing grounds

Victoria Nzoia
Turkana Yala
Baringo Sio
Naivasha Nyando
Chala Kuja
Jipe rivers Sondu mirio
Tana
____
Dams
Kiambere
Masinga
Rearing of fish in fish ponds is called fish farming
Mainly done in
Nanyuki
Sagana in Kirinyaga
Bamburi near Mombasa
Kiganjo near Nyeri
[email protected]
Kibos near Kisumu
Chavakali near Kakamega
Nyansiongo in Borabu
Marine fishing is done in salty water in IndianOcean
Also known as sea fishing
Marine fishing areas
Mombasa
Malindi
Shimoni
Ukunda
Vanya
Kilifi
Lamu
Kiunga
Deep sea fishing is done by use if ships called trawlers
Local fishermen use boats to catch fish near the shores of IndianOcean
____
Types of fish caught
Marine fisheries inland fisheries
Tilapia tuna
Mud fish mullet
Trout cat fish
Omena king fish
Dagaa parrot fish
Common carp sail fish
Black bass shell fish
Nile perch sardines
[email protected]
African cat fish
Salmon fish
Common fish caught in Kenya lakes is tilapia Common
fish caught in LakeTurkana is Nile perch Common fish
reared in fish farms is tilapia, trout, mud fish Common
shell fish are
Prawns
Lobsters
Crabs
Oysters
Methods of fishing
Traditional method modern method
Baskets trawling
Gill nets net drifting
____
Hook and line long lining
Use of herbs purse – seining
Harpooning
Methods of preserving fish
Traditional method modern method
Sun drying canning
Smoking refrigeration
Salting freezing
Ps/s pg 84
[email protected]
FORESTRY
This is the practice of planting and caring of forests
A group of many trees growing in one place is called a forest
Only 2 % of Kenya is covered by forest
Types of forests
Natural
Planted
Natural forest
Also known as indigenous
They grow naturally
Grown in areas of high rainfall
Trees grow to different heights
Trees take long to mature
Certain different types of trees are mainly
____
Meru oak
Mahogany
Rosewood
Elgon teak
Podo
Camphor
Iron wood
Planted forests
Also known as exotic/manmade /artificial
Are mainly planted by man
[email protected]
Found where natural forests have been cleared
Trees are mainly of the same type (SPECIES)
Trees are planted in rows
Trees take a short time to mature
Trees are mainly softwood
Examples
Cedar
Pine
Eucalyptus
Blue – gum
Cyprus
Gravelea
Blackwattle
Fir
Jacaranda
Distribution of natural forests
____
Highland forest
Found in highland and slopes of mountains
MT. Kenya MT.
Elgon
Cherangani hills
Aberdare ranges
Mau ranges
Kakamega
Lowland forests
[email protected]
Found along the coast
Arabuko sokoke
Shimba hills
Muvache
Jilore
Gede
Mangrove forests
Grow in salty water on the shores of Indian Ocean
Lamu Kwale
Kilifi lamu
Vanga
Kikambala
Vipingo
Watamu
Kiunga
Distribution of planted forests
____
On slopes of MT. Kenya, Nyandarua, Mau Ranges
Londiani
Turbo
Elburgon
Molo
Kiptagat
Maji – mazuri
Burnt forest
Importance of forests
[email protected]
They protect sources of rivers
Protect soil from erosion
Are home for wild life
Are source of firewood
Help in rain formation
Beautify the land scape
Influence climate
Create employment
Provide raw materials for paper industry
Source of herbal medicine
Provide building materials
Ps/s pg 89
WILD LIFE AND TOURISM
Wildlife refers to plants, insects, birds and animals in their natural habitat
____
It is conserved in national parks and game reserves
National parks are managed by government through Kenya wildlife service (K W S)
Game reserves are managed by the local county councils
Plants and animals which live in water are conserved in marine parks
Main national parks

Tsavo east Lake Nakuru
Tsavo west Kiunga
Ambosel Kisite
MT Kenya Watamu
MT. Elgon Nairobi
[email protected]
Sibiloi
Main game reserves
MaasaiMara
marsabit
Shaba
Boni
Shimbahills
South Turkana
losai
Nairobi national is the oldest park in Kenya
Stave national park is the largest game sanctuary in the world
MaasaiMara game reserve is famous in the world because
The big five: lion, leopard, rhino, elephant, buffalo
Wild beast migration
Importance of wildlife
____
Main tourist attraction
Creates job opportunities
Important part of our natural heritage
Promotes conservation of forests
Development of transport and communication facilities
Some animals provides game meat
Helps to make good use of game meat
Helps to make good use of unproductive land
Some wild animals are used for scientific studies and research
[email protected]
Problems facing wildlife
Pollution
Attack by pests and diseases
Prolonged drought
Fire out breaks
Poaching
Over population of wild animals in some parks
Inadequate funds to improve and maintain the park
Human – wildlife conflicts due to human population increase
Wildlife conservation
Refers to efforts being taken to protect and preserve wildlife from damage or
destruction
Some of these measures include
Establishment of game parks and reserves
Establishment of K W S to manage and take care of wild animals
Putting up electric fences around parks
____
Enacting laws to protect wildlife
Establishment of animal orphanages
Establishment of game sanctuaries
Establishment of anti – poaching unit
Ban of game hunting and game trophies
Educating people the importance of wildlife
Encouraging game ranching
Transferring animals from overcrowded parks to less crowded parks
Questions pps/s pg 96
[email protected]
TOURISM
It is the travelling for pleasure
A tourist is a person who travels to places of interest for enjoyment
Types of tourist
Foreign
Domestic
Foreign tourist
Also called international
Travel from their countries to visit other countries
Domestic tourists
Also called local tourist
People who visit places of interest in their own countries
____
Major tourist attraction
They are things tourists come to see
Wildlife
Beautiful scenery
Sandy beaches
Warm climate
Sports: mountain climbing, motor vehicle rallies
Prehistoric sites and museums
Historical sites and monuments
Mnaranu ruins in Malindi
[email protected]
Gedi ruins I Malindi
Fort Jesus in Mombasa
Cultural attractions
Friendly people
Good hotels
Conference facilities
Agricultural shows
Importance of tourism Source of
foreign exchange Creates
employment opportunities
Provides marketing for locally made items
Helps to promote good relations
Improvement of transport and communication facilities
Promotes the growth of agricultural sector
Source of revenue for the government
____
Problems facing tourism
Insecurity/terrorism
Political instability
High taxes charged on tourists
Stiff competition from tourist’s destination in other countries
Human – wildlife conflicts that threatens existence of wildlife
Lack of capital to improve tourism
Poor transport system
High cost of accommodation
Outbreak of tropical diseases
[email protected]
Travel bans
Overdependence on tourists from Europe
P s/s pg 103
TRADE
This is the exchange of goods and services
It is the buying and selling of goods and services between people or countries
Trade in the past was called barter trade
It involved exchange of goods for goods
Medium of exchange today is money
Trade involving money is called monetary trade
____
Types of trade
Internal
External
Barter
Internal trade
Also known as domestic or local trade
Takes place within the country
Ensures good reach all parts of the country
[email protected]
External trade
Also known as foreign or international trade
Takes place between 2 or more countries
Involves imports and exports
Exports are goods and services that Kenya sells to other countries
e. g.
tea
Coffee
Flowers
Minerals
Imports are goods and services that are bought fromother countries
e. g.
fuel
Vehicles
Chemicals
Medicine
____
Importance of trade
Earns foreign exchange
Creation of jobs
Source of revenue for the government
Development of transport and communication services
Development of urban centers
Development of agricultural sector
Helpto create and open up areas as market centers
Development of friendly relations between communities and countries
[email protected]
Our lives todaypg 109-110
INDUSTRIES
It is theproduction of goods from raw materials
Factory is a place where raw materials are processed into finished goods
Types of industries
Traditional industries modern industries
Black smithing manufacturing
Gourd making processing
Bead making service
Leather making assembly
Pottery
Basketry
Weaving
Carving
Processing industry
____
Also known as primary industries
Mostly deal with agricultural raw materials
Involved in the first stage of changing raw materials from one form to another
Cotton ginneries
Milk dairies
Sugar factories
Slaughter houses
Saw mills
Posho mills
Pyrethrum processing
[email protected]
Fruit canning
Leather tanning
Tea factories
Coffee factories
Fish processing
Manufacturing industries
Also called secondary industries
They use good s from other industries to make final products
Some may use raw materials to make final products
Cement making
Paper factories
Cigarette making
Medicine factories
Glass making
Fertilizer making
Shoe making
____
Steel rolling mills
Service industries
Also known as tertiary industries
Provide services to other people and industries
People pay for the services
Include
Education Water supply
Tourism Banking
Printing Insurance
[email protected]
Hotel and catering Transport and communication
Our lives today pgb115
P s/s pg 108
TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION
TRANSPORT
It is the movement of people and goods from one place to another
Forms of transport
Traditional modern
Roads Roads
Pack animals water
Potters air
Water railway
Pipeline
Cable
Road transport
____
It is the oldest form of transport
Most common form of transport
Most developed form of transport
Widespread form of transport
Main types of roads in Kenya
Tarmac roads
All weather loose surface roads
Dry weather roads
Railway transport
[email protected]
Was built during colonial period
Was constructed between 1896 – 1901
Construction started in Mombasa and ended in Kisumu
Main reason was to open the interior for economic activities
It is a slow form of transport
It’s cheap for transporting heavy and bulky goods for long distances
Is the safest means to travel since it experience few accidents
Expensive to construct and maintain
Water transport
Used by ships, steamers, ferries, boats, canoes
Used to transport heavy and bulky goods over long distances
Forms of water transport
Inland
Marine
Inland water transport
____
The main inland water transport is in L. Victoria
Kisumu is the main lake port
Other lake ports on L. Victoria are
Homa bay
Kendu bay
Usenge bay
Atembo bay
Mahuru bay
Karungu bay
Sea transport
[email protected]
Found in the IndianOcean
Mombasa is the main sea port of Kenya
Handles bulky imports and exports to and from Kenya
Other ports along the coast are
Malindi
Kilifi
Kiunga
Ngomeni
Shimoni
Mtwapa
Vanga
Air transport
It is the fastest means and the most expensive form of transport
Used to transport people, perishable goods, and valuable goods
Most tourists use air transport to come to Kenya
Kenya has several airports and airstrips
____
Kenya has 4 international airports
Moi international airport
Jomo Kenyattainternational airport
Eldoretinternational airport
Kisumuinternational airport
Causes of road accidents
Carelessness of road users
[email protected]
Unroadworthy vehicles
Poor state of roads
Poor weather
Dangerous overtaking
Overloading of vehicles
Speeding of vehicles
Fatigue
Ignoring road signs
Unqualified drivers
Absence of road signs
Driving while drunk
Talking on the mobile phones when driving
Ways of preventing road accidents
Educating people on the proper use of roads
Observing traffic rules
Maintenance of roads
____
Fitting vehicles with speed governors
Regular police checks
High penalties on traffic offenders
Construction of foot bridges, tunnels and pedestrian roads
Installation of more functional traffic lights
Correct road signs should be placed at the right places
Construction of speed bumps
P s/s pg 119
[email protected]
COMMUNICATION
Passing or sending of information from one person to another
Forms of communication
Traditional modern
Fast runners postal services
Ululations print media
Wailing courier services
Drum beating electronic media
Screaming
Smoke and fire
Placing twigs along the path
____
Print media
Print on daily or monthly bases

Newspapers Leaflets
Books Pamphlets
Magazines Brochures
Journals
Electronic media
Radio Internet
Television Mobile phones
[email protected]
Telephones Email
Telefax Social sites
Computers
P s/s pg 121-122
URBANIZATION
This is the growth and development of towns (urban centers)
Major towns in Kenya
Nairobi
Mombasa
Kisumu
Eldoret
Thika
____
Nakuru
Activity
Draw map of Kenya on pg 126, our lives today
NAIROBI
Started as
A railway depot
Transport and communication center
[email protected]
Resting place for railway builders
Got its name Maasai word enkare nyorubi which means a place of cool water
Became capital city of Kenya in 1907 replacing Machakos
List down ten functions of Nairobi
Which is the largest city in Kenya?
MOMBASA
One of the oldest towns in Kenya
Is an island found in the IndianOcean?
Started as a trading center for Arab traders
Is the second largest town in Kenya?
Is the main seaport I Kenya
Is connected to themainland in Kenya by
Makupa cause way
Nyali bridge
likoni ferry
____
Is the smallest county in Kenya?
List down eight functions of Mombasa
KISUMU
Started as a fish village on shores of L. Victoria
Was earlier called port Florence
Is the third largest city in Kenya?
Located at kano plains
Is the main lake port in Kenya?
Railway line reached the town in 1901
[email protected]
Is the terminus of Mombasa – Kisumu Railway?
List down six functions of Kisumu
ELDORET
Started as a market and collection center
Located in the highlands of Uasin gishu plateau
Surrounded by a rich agricultural neighborhood
Has developed as a result of government policy
List down six functions of Eldoret town
THIKA
Started as an agricultural market center
Surrounded by rich agricultural neighborhood
Located in the central region of Kenya
It is to the north east of Nairobi about 40 km
Is along river Thika and Chania
Is the second main industrial town after Nairobi?
____
List down six functions of Thika
NAKURU
Is the fourth largest city
Found on the floor of Rift valley
Started as an agricultural collection center
Was developed during the white settlers period
Located on a flat land between L. Nakuru and Meru
List down eight functions of Nakuru
[email protected]
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND SYSTEMS
Before the coming of the Europeans, Kenyan communities had well organized
systems of government and led by able leaders
Prominent traditional leaders
MASAKU
He was a Kamba elder prophet, medicine man, and a long distance trader
His trading center was ‘kwa masaku’ later changed to Machakos
Machakos was famous for trade and goods that were exchanged involved
Snuff
Tobacco
Calorie shells
Beads
Food
Contributions of masaku
He foretold the construction of the railway line
____
He foretold the coming of the British
He explained the meaning of certain events
He offered guidance and advice to the traders who wanted to succeed in business
He was forced by the British to move from Machakos
He settled in Kangundo and died in 1904
KOITALEL ARAP SAMOEI
He was a Nandi leader
He was n orkoiyot (medicine man)
[email protected]
He was a prophet
He became orkoiyot in 1895 after inheriting leadership from his father Kimnyole
His contributions
He led the Nandi community in rejecting colonial rule when he
Organized his warriors and staged surprise attacks on the British
He would then disappear in to the forest where they wouldn’t be seen
He led his people in fighting against the construction of the railway line
He was a spiritual leader and a prophet
He was a medicine man
He defended the independence of the Nandi
He engaged the British in war for a long time
He fought to protect the Nandi land
He was killed by the British in 1906
MEKATILILI WA MENZA
She was a Giriama prophetess, born in 1885
____
She led the Giriama to rebel against the British because:
They were forced to pay taxes
The British took away their fertile land
They took away strong men to go and fight for them during World War 1
The Giriama were forced to provide labour in the sisal plantation
Were forced to abandon their culture and destroyed their kuyas
Achievements ofMekatilili WA Menza
She led the Giriama to fight against the British
She instilled courage and bravery among the Agiriama
[email protected]
She administered oaths among the Agiriama
She resisted the introduction of colonial rule
She died in 1952 in Gusii land where she had been deported to
Quiz
Name three items of trade exchanged at Kwa Masaku
List any two prophesies made by Masaku
List three things Samoei did as a Nandi Orkoiyot
Why was it difficult for the British to defeat Nandi Warriors?
State two reasons why Mekatilili was annoyed with the British
The title given to a Nandi medicine man is
TRADITIONAL FORMS OF GOVERNMENT
The main forms of governance was
Council of elders
Kingdoms
____
Chiefdoms
THE ABAWANGA
They are one of the Abaluhya communities
The ruling family came from Abashitsetse
The Abawanga were ruled by kings
The king had the title Nabongo
The position of Nabongo was hereditary
The Nabongo ruled over a large area and would appoint chiefs to assist them
They had an army called Olukuyaba
[email protected]
The most famous Nabongo was Mumia who became a Nabongo in 1879
The head quarter of Nabongo Mumia was at Elureko (present day mumias)
Nabongo Mumia inherited the kingdom from his father Shiundu
THE AMERU
The traditional form of governance was organized in clans
Each clan had a council of elder called Kiama
Each Kiama was headed by a Mugambi (plural Agambi)
There were two categories of rulers among the Ameru, Kiruka, Ntiba
The handing over and taking over was done in a ceremony called Njuri Ncheke
The religious leaders of the Ameru was Mugwe
The roles of Njuri Ncheke were
Solving disputes
Guarding warriors
Making major decisions affecting the community
Officiated ceremonies
____
They united the Ameru community
They guarded the customs of the community
Safeguarding the religious values
Safeguarding the environment
ROLES OF TRADITIONAL FORMS OF GOVERNMENT
They settled disputes
They punished law breakers
They ensured the security of the community
[email protected]
Religious leaders conducted religious ceremonies
Questions
The title of the king of the Abawanga was
Mention two roles of Njuri Ncheke
Give two Importances of traditional forms of government
The Ameru were ruled by
How was the title of the Nabongo Acquired?
ESTABLISHMENT OF COLONIAL RULE IN KENYA
Kenya was placed under the British rule first in 1888
IBEAC was formed by William Mackinon
It was a trading company and ruled on behalf of the British government
It was unable to rule Kenya effectively because of:
It did not have enough money
It did not have enough people to do the work
____
Kenya was declared a British protectorate in 1895
Only a small strip of land was left at the coast under the rule of the Sultan of
Zanzibar
Kenya was then headed by a commissioner, a representative of the British

government
The first LEGCO (legislative council) was established in 1907
The title of commissioner changed to governor in this year
James Hayes Sadlen was the first governor in Kenya
In 1920 Kenya was declared a British colony
The governor of this time was Sir Edward Northey
The governor was assisted by DC and DO who ensured that laws were followed
[email protected]
Africans who were loyal to the British government were appointed as chiefs and
headmen to assist the DO
They also ensured people paid taxes and took part in community work
THE NANDI RESISTANCE
It lasted 11 years between 1895- 1906
Why the Nandi resisted
They feared losing their land
They did not want the railway to pass through their land
The British were discouraging some traditional practices like cattle raiding
They did not want to be ruled by outsiders
The Nandi pride they believed they were superior to the British
The Nandi resisted the establishment of the British rule for long because
They were united under one leader
____
They had a strong and united army
They had enough supply of food as their lands were fertile
The guerilla war tactics highly favored them
Their forested and hilly areas enabled the warriors to hide and attack the British
Europeans were not familiar with the local environment
The Nandi were defeated because
Their leader was tricked by the British, captured and killed
The British had a well-equipped army with superior weapons
Other African communities neighboring them collaborated with the British to fight
them
[email protected]
THE ABABUKUSU RESISTANCE
Were members of the Luhya Community
Why the resisted
They did not want their land to be taken
They wanted to defend their freedom
They could not surrender their independence to Mumia as he was their enemy
They valued their culture and did not want the British to stop it
The most famous battle where the British were defeated by the Ababukusu was the
battle of Chetambe
The British later reorganized and defeated the m
Comprehensive pg 131
COLLABORATOR
NABONGO MUMIA
____
He was the king of the Abawanga in western Kenya
Why he collaborated
He wanted military protection against the neighboring communities
He wanted to continue controlling long distance trade that passed through his
kingdom
He wanted military protection against his brother Sakwa who had established a
parallel kingdom
Positive effects of collaboration
He was offered military assistance
Hus kingdom expanded its territories
[email protected]
His relatives were appointed as chiefs
Negative effects
The Abawanga lost their independence
Nabongo lost his prestigious title and became a paramount chief in 1909
He died in 1949
WAIYAKI WA HINGA
He was a chief in Dagorreti
He was a prominent Agikuyu leader
He welcomed IBEAC
Led by Captain Fredrick Lugard
He allowed them to build forts in Dagorreti
The British agreed not to interfere with the normal lives of the Agikuyu
They however disobeyed the agreement and started oppressing the Agikuyu
They built another fort at Kabete called Fort Smith
Waiyaki attacked the fort and burned it down
____
He was arrested and was to be taken to Mombasa for trial
He died in 1892 in Kibwezi on his way to Mombasa
QUESTIONS
Give two reasons why the Nandi resistance took long
Give two reasons why the Ababukusu resistedthe British
Write two leaders who collaborated with theBritish
The headquarters of Waiyaki were at
Give two results of waiyaki collaboration
[email protected]
QUIZ ON POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT AND SYSTEMS
The army of the Abawanga was called?
The Nandi Orkoiyot was called?
Nabongo Mumias and Waiyaki made friends with the British they?
Mekatilili was arrested and deported to
Koitalel was a spiritual leader called
After constructing the Mombasa – Kisumu railway the British realized that much of
the land was suitable for
Why did the British punish Waiyaki?
Kenya was declared a British protectorate in
What is IBEACO infull?
The main role of IBEAC was
It collapsed mainly because of
The earliest visitors to the coast were
The Meru were ruled by
Who among the following leaders correctly matches with his community?
____
Koitalel Samoei – Kamba
Nabogo Mumia – Nandi
Mekatilili – Agiriama
Masaku – abaluhya
The following statements are about a traditional leader
He was a medicine man
A town is named after him
He was a prophet
He warned his community about the coming of the Europeans
The leader above is
[email protected]
CITIZENSHIP
A citizen is a person who belongs to a certain country
A citizen has full rights and privileges from the government of that country
The state of being a member of a certain country is citizenship
Ways of becoming a Kenyan citizen
By birth
By registration
Dual citizenship
Responsibilities of a Kenyan citizen
Respecting, upholding and defending the law and the constitution
Paying taxes
Obeying the law
Taking care of the environment
____
Taking part in development activities
Being loyal and patriotic
Voting during elections
Promoting family life and welfare
Living peacefully with others
Helping the needy
Importance of good citizenship
The government is able to govern its people easily
There is peace and stability
The government is able to run development programs
[email protected]
People are able to work freely
There is justice and fairness for all
It promotes peace, love and unity
The government is able to provide many services when people pay taxes
It promotes economic growth by promoting growth by improving trade and other

developments
Taking part in community development activities improves the living standards of

people
QUESTIONS
List three ways in which one can be a Kenyan citizen
List three things that responsible citizens do
Give three reasons why good citizenship is important
Obeying the law of a country is important because
Among the following who is allowed to have dual citizenship
MP
Businessman
____
Cabinet secretary
The president
Love for one’s country is called
Jane from Kenya has been married to John from Kenya for a period over 7 years
Jane is allowed to be a Kenyan citizen by
Which of the following does not define citizenship by registration?
A person who has stayed in Kenya for 8 years can apply tobe a Kenyan citizen
A man who marries a Kenyan woman and they have stayed in London for 7 years
A child is found on the streets of Naivasha and the parents are not known and the
child has been adopted by a Kenyan citizen
[email protected]
DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS
Democracy is the role of the people by the people and for the people
A democratic government rules according to the wishes of the people and for the
benefits of those people
In democracy people are given the right to elect their leaders
Types of democracy
Direct
Indirect
Direct democracy
Also called participatory/pure democracy
All individuals are involved in decision making
It works well in small groups of people like club members, class, and school
People take a vote incase of disagreement
People exercise direct democracy during
Referendum
Voting during elections
____
Indirect democracy
Also known as parliamentary or representative democracy
Citizens elect other persons to make decisions on their behalf
Elected persons express the will of the people that vote them
In Kenya we use indirect democracy
FORMS OF CHILD ABUSE
This is mistreating or denying children their rights
It may take place athome and in school
[email protected]
They include
Overworking the child
Denying children food
Child labour
Denying children healthcare
Torturing children
Insulting them
Keeping them away from school
Chasing children from home
Early child marriage
Forced marriage
Excessive caning
Bullying
Sexual abuse
Female genital mutilation
Ways of protecting children from abuse
____
Educating parent and society on the need for child protection
Establishing rescue centers for abused children
Providing counseling services to the victim of abuse
Encouraging children to report any cases of abuse
Giving stiff punishment to abusers of children
Educating children on their right
Banning of caning in schools
Providing medical care to the abused children
Law, peace and conflict resolution
[email protected]
Laws are rules which controls the behaviour of people
Rules explain what people should do and not do
Rules also state the punishment to be given to the law breakers
‘Laws of our country are made in the parliament by the members of parliament
The document containing the law of our country is called the constitution
Peace refers to the harmony or absence of disagreement
Peace enables people to carry out their daily activities well
Conflicts are disagreements or misunderstanding between two or more people
Conflict resolution refers to the process of solving disputes that exist
Lawlessness is a situation where laws of a country are not followed and respected
Causes of lawlessness
Disobedience of the laws
Poor upbringing of children
Poverty
____
Tribalism
Racism
Nepotism
Regionalism
Religious differences
Political differences
Lack of employment
Corruption
Unequal distribution of resources
Bad leadership
[email protected]
Effects of lawlessness
A lawless society is a dangerous place to live in
People live in fear
Hinders/delays economic development
Destruction of property
Loss of lives
Scares away investors
Scares away tourists
Makes it difficult for the government to provide services
Government spends more money employing police officers
Importance of the rule of law
The lawis applied fairly
Wrong doers are arrested
____
Respect is enhanced
Children are able to go school safely
Encourage development in the society
People support and help one another
Evaluation questions
Primary social studies pg 159-160
[email protected]
THE GOVERNMENT OF KENYA
Arms of the government
The legislature
The executive
The judiciary
Composition of the arms of the government
The legislature
Also called parliament
Members of the national assembly
290 elected members
47 elected women representatives
12 nominated members of the government
Ex – officio who is the speaker
Composition of the senate
____
47 senators
16 women nominated by the political parties
Two youth representatives, male and female
Two members representing the disabled, male and female
The speaker
The executive
Members
President
The cabinet
[email protected]
The civil servant
Members of the cabinet
Cabinet secretary
President
Deputy President
Secretary of the cabinet
NB: cabinet secretaries range from 14-22
Are not members of the parliament?
Principle secretary is the senior most civil servants in a ministry
A ministry is also called a state department
Composition of the judiciary
Chief justice – head
Deputy chief justice
____
Chief registrar of the judiciary
He is the chief administrator and accounting officer of the judiciary
Judges of superior courts
Magistrates
Other judicial officers and staff
Judicial service commission
NB: judiciary administers justice through the court system chief justice is appointed
by the president
Composition of I E B C
[email protected]
Chairperson
A vice chairperson
A minimum of one and a maximum of 7 other members
A secretary appointed by the commission
NB: the chairperson and the vice should not be the same gender
The IEBC organizes national elections and referendum
Reviews the names and constituency boundaries
____ www.arena.co.ke 0713779527

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THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

These flat surface could be of the sheet of paper, chalkboard or a wall

Elements of a good map

The elements of a good map include:

This is the heading or name given to a map

It is usually written at the top of the map

It helps a person to identify the place shown on the map

A frame is a boarder that is drawn around a map

It encloses the map and makes it look neat

Symbols are usually small pictures drawings or letters

A key help us to know what each symbol stand for

P.S Police station

Example: 1 cm on the paper may represent 50km on the ground

16 points of the compass

A compass help us to locate the direction of a place on the map

The arrow is pointing the north part

The four cardinal points are:

Some place are located between the eight point

Example: between north and north east

Between North and North East, we get North North East(NNE)

Between South and South West we get South South West

POSITION OF KENYA IN RELATION TO HER NEIGHBOURS

Kenya has several neighbors

Uganda to the west

Ethiopia to the north

Somalia to the east

South Sudan to the north west

Kenya lies to the south of Ethiopia

It lies to the north and north east of Tanzania

It lies to the north west of the Indian ocean

It lies to the south east of South Sudan

It lies to the west of Somalia

Locating using latitude and longitude

Size and shape of Kenya

Kenya covers an area of 582, 646 square kilometers

MAIN PHYSICAL FEATURES

Location of the main physical features

These features are grouped as either relief or drainage features

Refer to the rise and fall of the land

They include: mountains

They are masses of very high land

The Rift valley

It is a big depression with steep side

Example: the yatta plateaus in yatta

Athi kapiti plain

Are steep slopes of the rift valley

Eg. Nandi escarpment

A place where rivers start is called the source

A place where rivers drain it’s water is known as the mouth

River source mouth

Tana mt. Kenya Indian ocean

Ewaso nyiro north arbadere / Nyandarua Lorian swamp

Athi/ sabaki Ngong hills Indian ocean

Nyando and Yala Nandi hills l. victoria

Turkwel mt Elgon Turkana

Nzoia mt Elgon Victoria

They are also called marshes