Building Construction & Drawing: Joints in Buildings

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION & DRAWING
Joints in Buildings
Lecturer ：Engr. Zahoor Khan

Department ：Civil Engineering
Institute ：UET Peshawar, Bannu Campus
Joints in Buildings
Presentation Outline
1. Joints in Buildings
2. Purpose of Joints
3. Types of Joints
Joints in Buildings
Joints in building
• The separations or planes of weakness introduced
at different locations in a building.
• When joints are provided in a building, reasonable

care has to be exercised for the location, design,
detailing of joints and selecting materials forming
and filling the joints.
Joints in Buildings
Purpose of joints
• It will accommodate large dimensional changes
occurring due to expansion and contraction of the
building without structural failure and cracks.
• Joints are usually provided in large or multi-

storeyed buildings but, should be avoided in shell
structures.
Joints in Buildings
Types of joints in building

• Expansion joints
• Contraction joints
• Sliding joints
• Construction joints
Joints in Buildings
1. Expansion joints
• The joints provided to accommodate the expansion
of adjacent parts in a building are known as
expansion joints.
• It will accommodate the expansion of adjacent

parts of a building and relieve the compressive
stresses that may otherwise develop.
• It is provided in long masonry walls, floors, framed

structures etc.
Joints in Buildings
Expansion Joints (-ctd-)

• In case of masonry walls, the vertical control joints (expansion joints) should
be provided from top of the wall to the top of the concrete foundations and
not through the foundation concrete. The reinforcement should not pass
through such joints.
• In case of masonry walls resting on pile foundation, the vertical control joints
should be taken up to the top of grade beam i.e. concrete cap over the piles
without making use of any reinforcement passing through the joints.
Joints in Buildings
2. Contraction joints
The joints introduced in concrete structures to
localize shrinkage movements are known as
contraction joints.
Contraction joint may be:

I. Complete contraction joints
II. Partial contraction joints
III. Dummy joints
Joints in Buildings
(i) Complete contraction joint

• In this type of contraction joint, the bond between the adjacent
sections of a structure may be broken completely by painting
one face with a bituminous material or by setting a layer of
waterproof paper against the face of the section before
casting the next adjacentsection.
• These contraction joints are provided in thick sectionsof

concrete to localize shrinkagemovements.
Joints in Buildings
(ii) Partial contraction joint
• In this type of contraction joint, the reinforcement is

continued across the joint. Due to presence of
reinforcement, the movement at such joints is
usually very small.
• These contraction joints are provided in concrete

sections where structural stability is also required in
addition to localize shrinkagemovements.
Joints in Buildings
(iii) Dummy joints

• In this type of contraction joint, a plane of weakness is
created by forming a groove in either or each of the
surface of concrete structure.
• The total depth of such a groove is one-third to one-

fifth of the thickness of the concrete section.
• These contraction joints are used more particularly in

thin sections of concrete such as floor slabs, roof slabs
etc.
Joints in Buildings
3. Sliding Joints
• The joints provided between the two parts enabling their
movement freely in both the planes are known asslidingjoints.
• These joints are usually formed by applying a layer of plaster to

one of the surfaces and finishing it smooth so as to act as seat of
the sliding joint.
• The seat is then allowed to be hardened and covered with the

required thickness of bituminous materials or otherwise treated
as specified to form a slip plane before the other portion is cast
on it.
Joints in Buildings
Sliding Joints (-ctd-)
• The function of these joints is to enable freedom of

movement of the two parts in both the planes.
• These joints are used when variations in

temperature, moisture contents or loading result in
tendency for one part to move in a plane at right
angles to the plane of another part of a structure.
Joints in Buildings
4. Construction Joints
• The joints provided at locations where construction stops for any
reason and when their location does not coincide with that of
expansion or contraction joints are called construction joints.
• These joints are constructed in a similar manner as contraction

joints but these joints are not intended to accommodate
movement due to contraction.
• Every effort should be made toprevent movement occurring at

such joints.
• However, extra care may be taken to obtain a goodbond

between abutting sections of concrete.
Joints in Buildings
Construction Joints (-ctd-)

• Since, cracks frequently develop at these joints as a result of stresses arising
from variations in temperature, moisture content or loading, therefore, it is
most desirable that construction joints should coincide with expansion or
contraction joints whereverpossible.
• The function of these joints is to simplify the construction of a structure.
• Construction joints in floor should be located in the middle of spans of slabs,

beams or girders unless a beam intersects the girder at this point in which
case the joints in the girders are provided at a distance equal to twice the
width of beam.
Joints in Buildings
S. No. Item and Description Spacing of Expansion Joints

1 Walls:
(a)Load bearing walls with cross walls at 30 m intervals.
intervals. Traditional type of one-brick
thick or more.
(b)Walls warehouse type construction Expansion joints in walls at 30 m

(without cross-walls) maximum intervals. (If the walls are
panel walls between columns at not
more than 9 m centers, no joints are
necessary).
2 Chajjas, balconies and parapets. 6 to 12 m intervals.

S. No. Item and Description Spacing of Expansion Joints
Roofs :
(a)Ordinary roof slabs of RCC 20 to 30 m intervals and at
3 protected by layers of mud or other changes in direction as in L, T, H
insulating media in framed and V shaped structures.
construction.
(a)Thin unprotected slabs. 15 m intervals.
Frames :
4 Joints in structure through slabs, Corners of L, T, H and V shaped
beams, columns etc, dividing the structures at 30 m intervals in
building into two independent long uniform structures.
structural units.
5 Coping Corresponding to joints in the

roof slabs.
DAMPNESS & DAMP PROOFING

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BUILDING CONSTRUCTION & DRAWING

Lecturer ：Engr. Zahoor Khan

• When joints are provided in a building, reasonable

• Joints are usually provided in large or multi-

Types of joints in building

• It will accommodate the expansion of adjacent

• It is provided in long masonry walls, floors, framed

Expansion Joints (-ctd-)

Contraction joint may be:

(i) Complete contraction joint

• These contraction joints are provided in thick sectionsof

(ii) Partial contraction joint

• In this type of contraction joint, the reinforcement is

• These contraction joints are provided in concrete

(iii) Dummy joints

• The total depth of such a groove is one-third to one-

• These contraction joints are used more particularly in

• These joints are usually formed by applying a layer of plaster to

• The seat is then allowed to be hardened and covered with the

Sliding Joints (-ctd-)

• The function of these joints is to enable freedom of

• These joints are used when variations in

• These joints are constructed in a similar manner as contraction

• Every effort should be made toprevent movement occurring at

• However, extra care may be taken to obtain a goodbond

Construction Joints (-ctd-)

• The function of these joints is to simplify the construction of a structure.

• Construction joints in floor should be located in the middle of spans of slabs,

S. No. Item and Description Spacing of Expansion Joints

(b)Walls warehouse type construction Expansion joints in walls at 30 m

2 Chajjas, balconies and parapets. 6 to 12 m intervals.

(a)Thin unprotected slabs. 15 m intervals.

5 Coping Corresponding to joints in the

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