Corn Processing For Animal Feed

Report
Corn Processing
PMAS-AAUR 1/24/22 Agricultural Processing Engineering
Pir Mehr Ali Shah
ARIDName of the Students & Registration Number:

AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY RAWALPIND
Title: Visit to Corn Processing Industry and Understand the Processing cycle of the corn in
manufacturing of Diary Animal Feed.
Presented to:
Engr. Dr. Zia-Ul Haq
Presented By:
Moiz Ahmed Khan 18-Arid-3256

Kashif Majeed 18-ARID-3249
Malik Usama Zafar 18-ARID-3253
Adil Saleem 18-ARID-3238
Course Tile:
Agricultural Processing Engineering
Course Code:
FMPE-601
Date of Submission:
24/01/2022
Degree & Semister
B.Sc. Agricultural Engineering & 7th
Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology

Abstract:
In this report, we discuss about the corn processing in Pakistan. We visit the NARC to understand the corn processing. The
NARC is the largest agricultural research center in Islamabad, Pakistan. In NARC, there are complete processing units of
corn and they making animal feed like Wanda and Silage through corn. There, we had understanding the complete
processing cycle of corn in which the corn passes and making Wanda. In this report, we will discussing the machinery uses
in corn processing industries and complete processing method of corn for making the Wanda. Basically, Wanda is the feed
which is used as animals like cows, Buffalos and goats etc. feed. This feed is use for increase milking capacity and weight
of the animals.
Figure 1: Visit to Corn Processing Unit at NARC
Introduction:
Maize being the highest yielding cereal crop in the world is a significant importance for countries like Pakistan, where
rapidly increasing population has already out stripped the available food supplies. Maize ranks third most grown crop in the
world with an area of more than 118 million hectares with an annual production of about 600 million metric tons. In Pakistan,
maize is the fourth largest grown crop after wheat, cotton and rice. The area under maize here is over one million hectares
and production 3.5 million metric tons. Punjab contributes 39 per cent of the total area under maize and 30 per cent of total
production; KPK contributes 56 per cent of the total area and 63 per cent of the production while five per cent of the total
area and three per cent of the total production is contributed by Sindh and Baluchistan. Maize has a variety of uses. Its grain
is a rich source of starch 72%, vitamins A & B 3 – 5%, proteins 10%, 4.8% oil, 5.8 % fiber, 3.0% sugar and 1.7% ash. One
hundred gram of fresh grain contains 361 calories of energy, 9.4g protein; 4.3g fat, 74.4g carbohydrate, 1.8g fiber, 1.3g ash,
10.6 per cent water, 140mg vitamins, 9mg calcium, 290mg, phosphorus and 2.5mg iron. It is a source of raw material for
industry, where it is being extensively used for the preparation of corn starch, corn oil, dextrose, corn syrup, corn flakes,
cosmetics, wax, alcohol and tanning material for leather industry.
Ethanol obtained from maize can be used as a biomass fuel. Stigmas from female corn flowers, known as corn silk, can be
used as herbal supplements. Maize can be used as forage, feed for livestock and making silage after fermentation of corn
stocks. Maize is used extensively as the main source of calories in animal feeding and feed formulation. Maize gives the
highest conversion of dry substance to meat, milk and eggs compared to other cereal grains. Maize is a valuable feed grain,
because it is among the highest in net energy content and lowest in protein and fiber content. Animals like and eat it readily
Manufacturing of Diary Animal Feed through Corn:
The first and foremost requirement of dairy animals is water which is considered to be the cheapest nutrient. Animal get
water from three sources including free water intake, water contained in feed and water produced by body's metabolism.
Dry matter intake is quantity of dry matter which is consumed by an animal over a period for 24 hours. Average size cattle's
dry matter intake is 2.5 - 3% of its body weight. Animals need energy which is provided by different feed stuffs. The
capacity to do work is called energy. It is the basic requirement of animals and essential to maintain normal body functions.
Carbohydrates, fats and protein are the main sources of energy. Mostly the energy is supplied to the dairy cattle in the form
of carbohydrates because these are the most economical source of energy. Protein is also a good source of energy but it is
usually 5 to 10 times higher in price as compared to carbohydrates and therefore it is less used as an energy source. Fat is
also a very good source of energy and supply 2.25 times more energy as compared to carbohydrates and protein. Crude fiber
is also an essential quality parameter of feed stuffs.
Protein rich concentrates are further differentiated on the basis of their origin as plant origin and animal origin concentrates,
Cereal grains (wheat, maize, barley, oats, sorghum, rice etc.), wheat bran, rice polishing, molasses and sugar beet pulp are
categorized as energy rich concentrates. Although cereal grains are mainly used as human food and not included in the feed
of dairy animals but their by-products like rice polishing, maize bran and wheat bran are commonly used as animal feed.
Molasses are the by-product of sugar industry. It is a thick viscous material which is high insoluble carbohydrates and
contains some minerals. Although molasses is a cheap and energy rich feed but is still not commonly used by local farmers.
Molasses can be included in the diet by mixing it with other concentrates, spraying it on dry roughages, providing it as a
free lick or as solidified molasses urea block. The palatability and consumption of poor quality roughages are increased by
the use of molasses. Fats and oils contain energy about 2.25 times as much as carbohydrates or proteins.
The Diary Animal Feed (Wanda) having following ingredients, such as;
1. Maize,
2. Soybean Meal,
3. Canola Meal,
4. Rice Polish,
5. Urea,
6. Vitamins,
7. Molasses
The Processing unit having following Parts;
1. Hammer Grinder:
The grinder is a machine used to grind the corn in the form of granular.
Figure 2: Hammer Grinder
2. Molasses Tank:
Molasses or black treacle is a viscous substance resulting from refining sugarcane or sugar beets into sugar. Its color is black. The
system having cone shape tanks to store the hundred liters of Molasses substance.
Figure 3: Molasses Tank

3. Dry weight Mixer:
In this unit, the Maize powder, Soybean Meal, Canola Meal, Rice Polish, Urea, Vitamins are mixed.
Figure 4: Dry Weight Mixer
4. Final Mixer:
In this mixer, all dry weight and molasses substance add to making final product, Wanda.
Figure 5: Final Mixing Chamber

Processing Steps:
1. First of all, we introduce the corn grain in to the hammer grinder. The hammer grinder crush the grain in to the granular
form.
Figure 6: Corn Powder
2. In second step, the all dry weight such the Maize powder, Soybean Meal, Canola Meal, Rice Polish, Urea, Vitamins are
mixed.
3. After that, the dry weight is introduced in the final mixing chamber. The final mixing chamber having dry weight and
molasses substance and mixed all these product.
4. The final product is Wanda. After that final product pack in different bags according to weight.
Figure 7: Final Product (Wanda)

Figure 8: Wanda Bricks
References
1. Iqbal, M. A., Iqbal, A., Akbar, N., Khan, H. Z., & Abbas, R. N. (2015). A Study on Feed Stuffs Role in Enhancing
the Productivity of. IDOSI Publications. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Different-ingredients-
and-their-ratio-in-wanda_tbl2_278020021

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Report

ARIDName of the Students & Registration Number:

Engr. Dr. Zia-Ul Haq

Moiz Ahmed Khan 18-Arid-3256

Agricultural Processing Engineering

Degree & Semister

B.Sc. Agricultural Engineering & 7th

Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology

Figure 1: Visit to Corn Processing Unit at NARC

Figure 3: Molasses Tank

Figure 4: Dry Weight Mixer

Figure 5: Final Mixing Chamber

Figure 6: Corn Powder

Figure 7: Final Product (Wanda)

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