Integral Surface Passing Through A Given Curve

Integral Surface passing through a given Curve
Method: Let 𝑃𝑝 + 𝑄𝑞 = 𝑅 ……(1) be the given equation.
Let its auxiliary equation given the following two independent solutions
𝑢 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 𝑐1 and 𝑣 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 𝑐2 …. …. …. (2)
Suppose we wish to obtain the integral surface passing through the curve whose
equation in
𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑡 , 𝑦 = 𝑦 𝑡 , 𝑧 = 𝑧(𝑡) …. … … (3)
parametric form is given by
Where 𝑡 is a parameter.
Then (2) may be expressed as,
𝑢 𝑥(𝑡), 𝑦(𝑡), 𝑧(𝑡) = 𝑐1
𝑣 𝑥(𝑡), 𝑦(𝑡), 𝑧(𝑡) = 𝑐2 … … … (4)

We eliminate single parameter 𝑡 from the equation of (4) and get a relation
involving 𝑐1 and 𝑐2 .
Finally, we replace 𝑐1 and 𝑐2 with help of (2) and obtained the required integral
surface.
Problem01: Find the integral surface of the linear PDE
𝑥 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 𝑝 − 𝑦 𝑥 2 + 𝑧 𝑞 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 𝑧,
which contains the line 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0, 𝑧 = 1.
Solution: Given, 𝑥 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 𝑝 − 𝑦 𝑥 2 + 𝑧 𝑞 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 𝑧 … … (1)
Here the Lagranges auxiliary equation of (1) are
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
= = … … …(2)
𝑥 𝑦 2 +𝑧 −𝑦 𝑥 2 +𝑧 𝑥 2 −𝑦 2 𝑧
1 1 1
Choosing , , as multipliers, the each fraction of (1) equal
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
1 1 1
𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑑𝑧
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
= 2
𝑦 + 𝑧 − 𝑥 − 𝑧 + 𝑥2 − 𝑦2
2
1 1 1
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
=
0
1 1 1
⇒ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑑𝑧 = 0
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
⇒ 𝑙𝑥 + 𝑙𝑛𝑦 + 𝑙𝑛𝑧 = 𝑙𝑛𝑐1
⇒ 𝑥𝑦𝑧 = 𝑐1 … … …(3)
Choosing 𝑥, 𝑦, −1 as multipliers, each fraction of (1) equal
𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦𝑑𝑦 − 𝑑𝑧
=
0
⇒ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦𝑑𝑦 − 𝑑𝑧 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑧 = 𝑐2 … … … (4)
Taking 𝑡 as parameter, the given equation of the straight line 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0, 𝑧 = 1 can
be put in parametric form
𝑥 = 𝑡, 𝑦 = −𝑡, 𝑧 = 1 … … … (5)
Using (5), (3) and (4) may be written as
−𝑡 2 = 𝑐1
And 2𝑡 2 − 2 = 𝑐2
⇒ 2 −𝑐1 − 2 = 𝑐2
⇒ 2𝑐1 + 𝑐2 + 2 = 0
⇒ 2𝑥𝑦𝑧 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑧 + 2 = 0
Which is the required solution.
Problem 02: Find the equation of the integral surface of the differential
equation 2𝑦 𝑧 − 3 𝑝 + 2𝑥 − 𝑧 𝑞 = 𝑦 2𝑥 − 3 , which passes through the circle
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 2𝑥, 𝑧 = 0.
Solution: Given the equation, 2𝑦 𝑧 − 3 𝑝 + 2𝑥 − 𝑧 𝑞 = 𝑦 2𝑥 − 3 … …. (1)
Here the Lagranges auxiliary equation of (1) are
= = …. …. … (2)
2𝑦 𝑧 − 3 2𝑥 − 𝑧 𝑦 2𝑥 − 3
Taking the first and third fraction of (3), we get
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧
=
2𝑦 𝑧 − 3 𝑦 2𝑥 − 3
⇒ 2𝑥 − 3 𝑑𝑥 − 2 𝑧 − 3 𝑑𝑧 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 𝑧 2 + 6𝑥 = 𝑐1 … … … (3)
1
Choosing , 𝑦, −1 as multipliers, each fraction of (2)
2
1
𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦𝑑𝑦 − 𝑑𝑧
=2
0
1
⇒ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦𝑑𝑦 − 𝑑𝑧 = 0
2
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑧 = 𝑐2 … … … (4)
Now, the parametric equation of the given circle (2) is,
1
𝑥 = 𝑡, 𝑦 = 2𝑡 − 𝑡 2 2 , 𝑧 = 0
Putting these value in (3) and (4) we get,
𝑡 2 − 3𝑡 = 𝑐1 and 𝑡 + 2𝑡 − 𝑡 2 = 𝑐2
⇒ 3𝑡 − 𝑡 2 = 𝑐2
∴ 𝑐1 + 𝑐2 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 2+ 𝑦 2 − 𝑧 2 − 2𝑥 + 4𝑧 = 0
Which is the required solution.
Problem 03: Find the equation of the integral surface of the equation 𝑥 − 𝑦 𝑝 +
𝑦 − 𝑥 − 𝑧 𝑞 = 𝑧, which passes through the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1, 𝑧 = 1.
Solution: Here the Lagranges auxiliary equation are
= = … … … (1)
𝑥−𝑦 𝑦−𝑥−𝑧 𝑧
Choosing 1,1,1 as multipliers each fraction of (1) equal

=
𝑥−𝑦+𝑦−𝑥−𝑧+𝑧
=
0
⇒ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑑𝑧 = 0
⇒𝑑 𝑥+𝑦+𝑧 =0
Integrating,
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 𝑐1 … … … (3)
Taking the last two fraction of (2) and using (3) we get,
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
= [𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 𝑐1 ]
𝑦 −𝑧−(𝑐1 −𝑦 −𝑧) 𝑧
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
⇒ =
2𝑦 −𝑐1 𝑧
2𝑑𝑦 2𝑑𝑧
⇒ =
2𝑦 −𝑐1 𝑧
Integrating,
ln 2𝑦 − 𝑐1 = 2𝑙𝑛𝑧 + 𝑙𝑛𝑐2
2𝑦 −𝑐1
⇒ = 𝑐2
𝑧2
⇒ 2𝑦 − 𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 𝑧 2 𝑐2 … .. … (4)
The curve is given by, 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1, 𝑧 = 1 … … … (5)
Putting 𝑧 = 1 in (3) and (4) we get,
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑐1 and 𝑦 − 𝑥 = 𝑐2 + 1 … … … (6)
But, 2 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑥)2 … … … (7)
Using (5) and (6), (7) becomes,
2 = (𝑐1 − 1)2 + (𝑐2 + 1)2
⇒ 2 = 𝑐12 − 2𝑐1 + 𝑐22 + 2𝑐2 = 0
⇒ 𝑐12 + 𝑐22 − 2𝑐1 + 2𝑐2 = 0 …. … … (8)
Putting the value of 𝑐1 and 𝑐2 from (3) and (4) to (8) we get,
2
(𝑦 − 𝑥 − 𝑧) 2 𝑦−𝑥−𝑧
𝑥+𝑦+𝑧 +{ } − 2 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 + 2 =0
𝑧2 𝑧2
⇒ 𝑧 4 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 + (𝑦 − 𝑥 − 𝑧)2 − 2𝑧 4 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 + 2𝑧 2 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 𝑧 = 0
Which is the required integral surface.

Integral Surface Passing Through A Given Curve

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Integral Surface Passing Through A Given Curve

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Integral Surface passing through a given Curve

Method: Let 𝑃𝑝 + 𝑄𝑞 = 𝑅 ……(1) be the given equation.

parametric form is given by

Then (2) may be expressed as,

𝑢 𝑥(𝑡), 𝑦(𝑡), 𝑧(𝑡) = 𝑐1

𝑣 𝑥(𝑡), 𝑦(𝑡), 𝑧(𝑡) = 𝑐2 … … … (4)

Problem01: Find the integral surface of the linear PDE

which contains the line 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0, 𝑧 = 1.

Solution: Given, 𝑥 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 𝑝 − 𝑦 𝑥 2 + 𝑧 𝑞 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 𝑧 … … (1)

Here the Lagranges auxiliary equation of (1) are

⇒ 𝑙𝑥 + 𝑙𝑛𝑦 + 𝑙𝑛𝑧 = 𝑙𝑛𝑐1

Choosing 𝑥, 𝑦, −1 as multipliers, each fraction of (1) equal

Taking 𝑡 as parameter, the given equation of the straight line 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0, 𝑧 = 1 can

be put in parametric form

Using (5), (3) and (4) may be written as

Which is the required solution.

equation 2𝑦 𝑧 − 3 𝑝 + 2𝑥 − 𝑧 𝑞 = 𝑦 2𝑥 − 3 , which passes through the circle

Solution: Given the equation, 2𝑦 𝑧 − 3 𝑝 + 2𝑥 − 𝑧 𝑞 = 𝑦 2𝑥 − 3 … …. (1)

Here the Lagranges auxiliary equation of (1) are

Taking the first and third fraction of (3), we get

Now, the parametric equation of the given circle (2) is,

Putting these value in (3) and (4) we get,

Which is the required solution.

𝑦 − 𝑥 − 𝑧 𝑞 = 𝑧, which passes through the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1, 𝑧 = 1.

Solution: Here the Lagranges auxiliary equation are

Choosing 1,1,1 as multipliers each fraction of (1) equal

Putting 𝑧 = 1 in (3) and (4) we get,

But, 2 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑥)2 … … … (7)

Using (5) and (6), (7) becomes,

2 = (𝑐1 − 1)2 + (𝑐2 + 1)2

⇒ 2 = 𝑐12 − 2𝑐1 + 𝑐22 + 2𝑐2 = 0

⇒ 𝑐12 + 𝑐22 − 2𝑐1 + 2𝑐2 = 0 …. … … (8)

Which is the required integral surface.

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