Pair of Straight Lines 13 14 PDF

GROUP (A) CLASS WORK PROBLEMS
Q -3) Find the joint equation of the lines passing
Q -1) Find the combined equation of the bisector
through the point (1, 2) and perpendicular

to the lines x + 2y + 37 = 0 and
of the angles between the co-ordinate axes.

Ans. Let lines L1and L2be the bisector of the co-
3x 4y 53 = 0.
Ans. Let lines L 1and L 2 be the lines passing
ordinate axes 1 and 2be their inclinations
through the point (1, 2) and perpendicular

to the lines x + 2y + 37 = 0 and 3x 4y 53 =
and 2 =
4
4
L1 bisects first and 3rd quadrant
1 =
L2 bisects 2nd and 4th quadrant

L2
37 = 0 and 3x 4y 53 = 0 are
1
and
2
3
3
=
respectively.
4
4
L1
0 respectively. Slopes of the lines x + 2y +
Slopes of the lines L1and L2 are 2 and
4
3
respectively. Since the lines L1and L2 pass

through the point (1, 2), their equations
Let slopes be m1 and m2
arey 2 = 2 (x + 1) and y 2 =
4
(x + 1)
3
m1 = tan

= 1 m2 = tan
= 1
4
4
Since the lines are passing through origin
y 2 = 2x + 2 and 3y 6 = 4x 4
2 x y + 4 = 0 4x + 3 y 2 = 0
their equations are
their joint equation is

(2x y + 4) (4x + 3y 2) = 0
y = m1 x and y = m2 x
8x 2 + 6xy 4x 4xy 3y2 + 2y + 16x + 12y

8=0
x y = 0 and x + y = 0
Combined equation is
(x y ) (x + y ) = 0 x
8x 2 + 2xy 3y2 + 12x + 14y 8 = 0

2
y =0
Q -2) Find the joint equation of lines which pass

through the point (1, 2) and are parallel to
the the lines co-ordinate axes.
Ans. Equation of the coordinates axes are x = 0
and y = 0
the equations of the lines passing through
(1, 2) and parallel to the coordinate axes are
x = 1 and y = 2.
i.e., x 1 = 0 and y 2 = 0
their joint equation is (x 1) (y 2) = 0
Q -4) Find the combined equation of lines

through the origin, one of which is parallel
and other is perpendicular to the line x +
2y +1857 = 0.
Ans. The given equation of the line is
x + 2y + 1857 = 0
Let slopes of one line be m1 and other line be
m2
The slope line which is to the line
x + 2y + 1857 = 0 is
xy 2x y + 2 = 0
m1 =
1
2
1
2
The slope of line which is to the given

line m2 = 2
The general equation of line passing
through origin is y = mx
Pair of Straight Lines
Mahesh Tutorials Science
2
The equation of line to the general line
is y =
Q -4) Find the joint equation of lines passing

through the origin having the inclinations
600 and 1200
1
x
2
Ans. Slope of the line having inclination is
x + 2y = 0
The equation of line to the general line is
y = 2x i.e. 2x y = 0
The combined equation of line is (x + 2y)

(2x y) = 0
2x 2 + 4xy xy 2y2 = 0
2x 2 + 3xy 2y2 = 0
tan .
Inclinations of the given lines are 600 and
1200
their slopes are m1 = tan 600 =
3 and
m2 = tan 1200 = tan(1800 600)

= tan 600 = 3 .
GROUP (A) HOME WORK PROBLEMS

Q -1) Find the joint equation of lines x y = 0
and x + y = 0
(Ans. x2 y2 = 0)
Ans. The joint equation of the lines x y = 0 and
x + y = 0 is
(x y) (x + y) = 0
x2 y2 = 0
y=
and 2x y 1 = 0
(Ans. x2 + 3xy + y2 7x 4y + 3 = 0)
Ans. The joint equation of the lines x + y = 3 and
2x + y 1 = 0 is
(x + y 3) (2x + y 1) = 0
2x2 + x y x + 2x y + y2 y 6x 3y + 3 = 0
2x2 + 3x y + y2 7x 4y + 3 = 0.
through the origin having slopes 3 and 2
Ans. We know that the equation of the line
passing through the origin and having slope
m is y = mx.
Equation of the lines passing through the
origin and having slope 3 and 2 are y = 3x
and y = 2x respectively.
i.e., their equations are
3x y = 0 and 2x y = 0 respectively.
their joint equations is
(3x y)(2x y) = 0
2
6x 3x y 2x y + y = 0
6x 2 5x y + y2 = 0.
3x and y =
i.e.,
3x
3x y = 0 and
3x + y = 0
the joint equation of these lines is
Q -2) Find the joint equation of lines x + y = 3
Since the lines pass through the origin, their

equations are
3x y
)(
3x + y = 0
3x2 y2 = 0.
Q -5) Find the joint equation of lines which pass
through the point (3,2) and are parallel to
the lines x = 2 and y = 3
Ans. Equations of the lines are x = 2 and y = 3
(3, 2) and parallel to the lines x = 2 & y = 3
are x = 3 & y = 2.
The joint equation is
(x 3)(y 2) = 0
xy 2x 3y + 6 = 0
2x + 3y xy 6 = 0.
through the origin having slopes 1 + 3
and 1 3
Ans. The equation of the line passing through the
origin and having slope m is y = mx
Equations of the lines passing through the
origin and having slopes 1+ 3 and 1 3
are
y = 1 + 3 x and y = 1 3 x
respectively
i.e., The equation are
(1 + 3 ) x y = 0
and 1 3 x y = 0
1 3 x y 1+ 3 x y = 0
(x
2
x +
3x y
3x
)( x +
3x y = 0
2
xy 3x 3x + 3xy
xy
3xy + y 2 = 0
2x 2 2xy + y 2 = 0
equation of the line L2 is x = 3,

i.e., x 3 = 0
Hence, the equations of the required lines
are
x 2y + 1 = 0 and x 3 = 0
their joint equation is
(x 2y + 1)(x 3) = 0
x 2 2xy + x 3x 6y 3 = 0
x 2 2xy 2x + 6y 3 = 0.
2x 2 + 2xy y 2 = 0
Q -7) Find the combined equation of lines which
are parallel to the Y-axis and at the
distance of 9 units from the Y-axis
Ans. Equations of the lines, which are parallel to
the Y-axis and at a distance of 9 units from
it are x = 9 and x = 9
i.e., x 9 = 0 and x + 9 = 0
Q -9) Find the combined equation of lines

through the origin, which are perpendicular
to the lines x + 2y = 9 and 3x + y = 8
Ans. Let L1 and L2 be the lines passing through
the origin and perpendicular to the lines
x + 2y = 9 and 3x + y = 8 respectively.
slope of given line are
1
3
and = 3 respectively.
2
1
slope of the line L1 and L2 are 2 and

O
X
9
x = 9
1
respectively.
3
X
9
Since the lines L1 and L2 pass through the
Y
x=9
origin, their equations are
their combined equation is

(x 9)(x + 9) = 0
x 2 81= 0.

through the point (3,2), one of which is
parallel to the lines x 2y = 29 and other
one is perpendicular to the line y = 3
Ans. Let L1 be the line passes through (3,2) and
parallel to the line x 2y = 29 whose slope is
1
x
3
i.e., 2x y = 0 and x 3y = 0
(2x y)(x 3y) = 0
2x2 6xy xy + 3y2 = 0
2x2 7xy + 3y2 = 0.
Q-10) Find combined equation of lines through

the origin, which are parallel to lines
x + 3y = 27 and 2x = y 3
Ans. Let L1 and L2 be the lines passing through
the origin and parallel to the lines
1 1
= .
2 2
slope of the line L1 is
1
2
equation of the line L1 is
y2=
y = 2x and y =
1
(x 3)
2
2y 4 = x 3
x 2y + 1 = 0
Let L2 be the line passes through (3,2) and

perpendicular to the line y = 3.
equation of the line L2 is of the form x = a.
Since L2 passes through (3,2), 3 = a
x + 3y = 27 and 2x = y 3 respectively.
Slopes of the lines x + 3y = 27 and 2x = y 3
are
1
2
and
3
1
slope of the lines L1 and L2 are
1
& 2 their
3
equations are
y=
1
x & y = 2x
3
i.e., 3y + x = 0 & 2x y = 0
The combined equation is
The separate equations are
(2x y)(3y + x) = 0
2
6xy + 2x 3y + xy = 0
2x 2 + 7xy 3y2 = 0.
y = 2 + 3 x and y = 2 3 x
Q-11) Find the joint equation of lines which pass

through (4, 3) and are parallel to the lines
x = 1 and y = 5
Ans. Equations of the lines are x = 1 and y = 5
(4, 3) and parallel to the lines x = 1 and
Q -3) Find the condition that the two lines of

a2x2 + bcy2 = a (b + c)xy may be coincident
and perpendicular
Ans. Given equation is
a 2 x 2 + bcy 2 = a (b + c ) xy (I)
2
2
Compare with Ax + 2Hxy + By = 0
y = 5 are x = 4 & y = 3
i.e., x 4 = 0 & y + 3 = 0
We get A = a 2 ; B = bc ; H =

(x 4)(y + 3) = 0
i) Equation will represent a pair of
xy + 3x 4y 12 = 0
3x 4y + xy 12 = 0
coincident lines if H 2 AB = 0
2
2
2 (b + c ) a .bc = 0
GROUP (B) CLASS WORK PROBLEMS
a2
2
(b + c ) a 2bc = 0
4
Q -1) Find values of h, if lines given by

3x2 + 2hxy + 3y2 = 0 are real?
(
(b
(b
a 2 b 2 + 2bc + c 2 4a 2bc = 0
Ans. Comparing the equation

3x2 + 2hxy + 3y2 = 0 with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0,
a2
we get, a = 3, h = h, b = 3.
The lines represented by 3x2 + 2hxy + 3y2 = 0
a2
+ 2bc + c 2 4bc = 0
2bc + c 2 = 0
are
real, if h2 ab 0
i.e., if h2 3(3) 0
i.e., if h2 9
a 2 (b c ) = 0
a (b c ) = 0
Either a = 0 or b c = 0
i.e., if h 3 or h 3
Hence, the values of h are all real numbers
Either a = 0 or b = c
greater than or equal to 3 or less than or

equal to 3, i.e., ( , 3] [3, ] = R ( 3,3).
lines if a = 0 or b = c
Q -2) Find separate equation of the lines

represented by x2 4xy + y2 = 0
Ans. Join equation x 2 4xy + y 2 = 0
2
i.e., x 4xy + y = 0
m 2 4m +1 = 0 x = m
m=
( 4)
4 (1)(1)
4 12
=2 3
2
= 2 3
x
y = 2 3 x
a
(b + c )
2
4 16 4
2
Equation represents two coincident

ii) Equation (i) will represent a pair of
lines if A + B = 0
a 2 + bc = 0
Q -4) Find the joint equation of a pair of lines
through the origin and perpendicular to
pair of lines 2x 2 3xy 9y 2 = 0
Ans. Joint equation of lines is,
2x 2 3xy 9y 2 = 0
So,
Separate equation is, 2
9m 2 + 3m 2 = 0
3y 9y 2
2 =0
x
x
x = m
9m 2 + 6m 3m 2 = 0
3m ( 3m + 2) 1 ( 3m + 2) = 0
3m + 2 = 0 and 3m 1 = 0
m=
2
1
m=
3
3
k 2 = 36 k = 6
y 2 y 1
=
=
x
3 x 3
Q -6) Find k, if one of the lines given by
2x + 3y = 0
(i)
x + 3y = 0
(ii)
2
Slope of equation (i) =
3
Slope of equation (ii) =
1
3
So, the slopes of r Lines L1 and is,

m1 =
Ans. Equation of pair of lines,
Equation of lines is,

2x + y = 0
y = 2x
3x + 2y = 0
y
= 3 = 3x + y = 0
x
Joint equation of perpendicular lines,
( 3x + 2y ) ( 3x y ) = 0
9x 2 3xy + 6xy 2y 2 = 0
2
9x + 3xy 2y = 0
Q -5) Find k if the slope of one of the lines given
by 5x 2 + kxy + y 2 = 0 is 5 times the slope
of the other
Ans. Given eqn is 5x 2 + kxy + y 2 = 0
Solving (i) & (ii)
Dividing by x2
2kx 2 = 0
2k = 0
k =0
Q -7) If one of the lines given by

ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 is perpendicular to
the line x + my + n = 0 then show that
al 2 + 2h m + bm 2 = 0
Ans. al 2 + 2h m + bm 2 = 0
is
l
m
r
slope of to
lx + my + n = 0 is
ax2 +2hxy + by2 = 0,

a =5 ,2h = k, b = 1
Eqn.of line
2h
k
=
b
1
a 5
=
b 1
... (i)
m1m2 = 5
... (ii)
But m1 = 5m2
... (iii)
Solving (i) & (iii) & Solving (i) & (ii)
Passing through origin,

m
x
m2 =
k
2
and m2 =1
6
... (ii)
Solving (i) & (ii)

2
m
m
ax 2 + 2hx + + b x = 0
x
l
ax 2 +
2hx 2 bm 2
x + 2 =0
l
l
a +
2hm bm 2
+ 2 =0
l
l
5m2 + m2 = k and 5m 2 .m 2 = 5
6m2 = k and 5m22 = 5
m
l
lx + my + n = 0
y=
m1 + m 2 = k
... (i)
Slope of lx + my + n = 0
Comparing given eqn .with
m1 m 2 =
... (ii)
4x 2 2kx 2 4x 2 =0
Lines L1 and L2 pass through the origin
m1 + m 2 =
... (i)
4x 2 + kxy y 2 = 0
Now,
4 x 2 + kxy y 2 = 0 is 2x + y = 0
4x 2 + kx (2x ) ( 2x ) = 0
3
m2 = 3
2
y 3
=
x
2
k2
k
=
1,
=1
36
6
al 2 +2hlm + bm 2 =0
6
Q -8) Find if the sum of the squares of slopes
of the lines repersented by
(x + y = 0)
x 3xy + y = 0 is 5.
2

2
= the distance of P (x, y) from the line
x + 2y
1+ 4
ax 3xy + y = 0 with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0,
we get, a = a, 2h = 3, b = 1.
Let m 1 and m 2 be the slopes of the lines
represented by ax 2 3xy + y 2 = 0
m1 + m2 =
2h
=
b
and m1 + m 2 =
( 3 )
1
x +y
( x + 2y )
1 +1
(x + y )
2
2 ( x + 2y ) = 5 ( x + y )
2 x 2 + 4xy + 4y 2 = 5 x 2 + 2xy + y 2
=3
2x 2 + 8xy + 8y 2 = 5x 2 +10xy + 5y 2
3x 2 + 2xy 3y 2 = 0.
a a
= =a
b 1
This is the required joint equation of the
(m1 + m2)2 = (3)2

m12 + m22 + 2m1m2 = 9
lines which bisect the angle between the

lines represented by x 2 + 3xy 2y 2 = 0
m12 + m22 + 2a = 9
m12 + m22 = 9 2a
Q-10 )S how
But m12 + m22 = 5

9 2a = 5
th at
the
lin es
given
by
3x 8xy 3y = 0 and x + 2y = 3 contain

2
the sides of an isosceles right angled

triangle.
2a = 4
a = 2.
Ans. Given equation 3x 2 8xy 3y 2 = 0

Q-9) Find the joint equation of lines which bisect
angles between lines represented by
3x 2 9xy + xy 3y 2 = 0
3x ( x 3y ) + y ( x 3y ) = 0
x 2 + 3xy + 2y 2 = 0
( x 3y )( 3x + y ) = 0
Ans. x 2 + 3xy + 2y 2 = 0
x 2 + 2xy + xy + 2y 2 = 0
x (x + 2y) + y (x + 2y) = 0
(x + 2y) (x + y) = 0
s e pe rate e quation s
equations are
( x 3y ) = 0
of
the
lin e s
represented by x 2 + 2xy + xy + 2y 2 = 0 are

x + 2y = 0 and x + y = 0.
Angle
bisector
Y
P(x,y)
& ( 3x + y ) = 0
Slopes of these lines are

m1 =
1
& m2 = 3
3
Product of Slopes =
m1m2 =
1
3 = 1
3
Lines given by 3x 2 8xy 3y 2 = 0

are to each other.
Slopes are m1 =
. (i)
1
and m2 = 3
3
Slope of the line x + 2y = 3 is m =
1
2
Let 1 be the angle between

Let P (x, y) be any point on one angle bisector.
x + 2y = 3 & x 3y = 0
Since the points on the angle bisectors are

equi - distant from both the lines, the
From (i), (ii) & (iii) the given lines
distance of P (x, y) from the line

(x + 2y = 0)
(ii)
form isosceles right angled triangle.

Q-11 ) OAB
is
formed
by
th e
lines
x 4 xy + y = 0 and the line AB is given

2
by 2x + 3y 1 = 0. Find the equation of the

median passing through O.
3y =
y=
(x1,y1)
Ans.
16
37
3y = 1
21
37
7
8 7
D
,
37
37 37
slope of OD,
A
m=
7 / 37
8 / 37
m=
7
8
(x2,y2)
B
O
equation of line OD is,

y = mx
Let A ( x1 , y1 ) , B ( x 2 , y2 )
Since,
(x,y )
The combined equation of the lines passing

through origin is x 2 4xy + y 2 = 0
The equation of line AB is,
1 2x
3
...(iii)
(1 2x )
3
(1 2x )
=0
9x 2 12x (1 2x ) + (1 2x ) = 0
9x 2 12x + 24x +1 4x + 4x 2 = 0
2
37x 16x +1 = 0
Let, x1 and x 2 be the roots of the equation
x1 + x 2 =
the sides of an equilateral triangle. Find

the area of the triangle.
Ans. Let slope of OA be m
and slope OB be 1
points A and B are intersecting point of

lines passing through origin and line AB
substituting (iii) in (i)
x 2 4x
Q-12) Show x2 + 4xy + y2 = 0 and x y = 4 contain
tan =
2x + 3y = 1
y=
7x
8
7x 8y = 0
D is the mid-point of AB
By mid-point formula
x + x 2 y1 + y2
D 1
,
2
2
y=
16
37
m1 m2
1+ m1m2
3=
m 1
1+m
squaring
3 (1 + m)2 = m2 2m + 1
3(m2 + 2m + 1) = m2 2m + 1
3m2 + 6m + 3 = m2 2m + 1
2m2 + 8m + 2 = 0
m2 + 4m + 1 = 0
2
y + 4 y +1 = 0

x
x
... [By (i)]
y2 + 4xy + x2 = 0
is the joint equation of lines passing
through (0,0) and making 600 with
xy4=0
x1 + x 2
8
=
2
37
A
8 y1 + y2 8
D
,
37 , y
37
2
Point D lies on the line 2x + 3y = 1
M
C
16
+ 3y = 1
37
GROUP (B) HOME WORK PROBLEMS
OM =
=2 2
Q -1) Determine the nature of lines represented

P2
A(
OAB) =
sq units
by following equations :
i) x 2 + 2xy y 2 = 0
Q-13) Show that the eqation x 2 16xy 11y 2 = 0
ii) 4 x 2 + 4 xy + y 2 = 0
represents a pair of lines through the
iii) x 2 + y 2 = 0
origin, each making an angle of 300 with
iv) x 2 + 7xy + 2y 2 = 0
the line x + 2y 1 = 0
v) px 2 + qy 2 = 0 , where p & q are real

numbers.
Ans. i) Comparing the equation x 2 + 2xy y 2 = 0
with ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 , we get,
30
30
x + 2 y 1= 0
a = 1, 2h = 2, i.e., h = 1 and b = 1
h 2 ab = 12 1 ( 1) = 1 +1 = 2 > 0
Ans. Let us find the joint equation OA and OB each

makes an angle of 300 with x + 2y 1 = 0
Let slope of OA/OB be m1 (say) (m)
slope of AB = m2 =
1
2
m m2
tan = 1
1+ m1m2
the lines represented by
x 2 + 2xy y 2 = 0 are real and distinct.

ii) Comparing the equation
4x 2 + 4xy + y 2 = 0 with,
ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 we get,
a = 4, 2h = 4, i.e. h = 2 and b = 1
2
1
2
=
1
3 1+ m
2
m+
1
3
2m +1
2m
Squaring both sides

2
( 2m +1)
y
=
2
x
(2 m )
(2 m)2 = 3 (2m + 1)2

4 4m + m2 = 3(4m2 + 4m + 1)
12m2 m2 + 12m + 4m + 3 1 = 0
11m2 + 16m 1 = 0
Lines pass through origin
y = mx is the equation is
h 2 ab = ( 2) 4 (1) = 4 4 = 0
the lines represented by
4x 2 + 4xy + y 2 = 0 are real and coincident.

iii) Comparing the equation x 2 y 2 = 0 with
ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 , we get, a = 1, 2h = 0,
i.e. h = 0 and b = 1
2
h 2 ab = ( 0 ) 1 ( 1) = 0 +1 = 1 > 0
the lines represented by x 2 y 2 = 0 are

real and distinct.
iv) Comparing the equation
x 2 + 7xy + 2y 2 = 0 with
ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 , we get,
a = 1, 2h = 7, b = 2, i.e. h =
11 y +16 y 1 = 0
x
x
11y 2
y
+ 16 1 = 0
x
x
11y2 + 16xy x2 = 0
x2 16xy 11y2 = 0
is the required joint equation.
7
2
49
7
h 2 ab = (1)( 2) =
2
4
2
49 8 41
=
=
>0
4
4
The lines represented by
x 2 + 7xy + 2y 2 = 0 are real and distinct.
v) Comparing the equation px 2 qy 2 = 0

with ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 , we get, a = p,
The auxilary equations is

m2 + 2m + 2 = 0
m2 2m 2 = 0
2h = 0, i.e. h = 0 and b = q
2
h 2 ab = ( 0 ) p ( q ) = pq
m=
( 2)
the lines represented by px qy = 0

are real and distinct.
If p and q have different signs, then
h 2 ab = pq < 0
4 (1) ( 2 )
2 1
If p and q have the same sign, then
h 2 ab = pq > 0
2 4+8
2
22 3
=1 3
2
m1 =1+ 3 and m2 =1 3 are the

slopes of the lines.
their separate equations are

2
the equation px qy = 0 does not

represent the lines.
y = m1x and y = m2x
i.e., y = 1 + 3 x and y = 1 3 x
Q-2) Find separate equations of lines represented

by following equations
v) x 2 + 2xy cos ec + y 2 = 0
2
y
y
+ 2cos ec + 1 = 0
x

x
i) 6x 2 5xy 6y 2 = 0
ii) x 2 4y 2 = 0
iii) 3x 2 y 2 = 0
Put
iv) 2x 2 + 2xy y 2 = 0
v) x + 2xy ( cos ) + y = 0
2
y
=m
x
(m )2 + 2 cos ec (m ) + 1 = 0
Ans. i) 6x 2 5xy 6y 2 = 0
m=
2 cos ec 4 cos ec 2 4 1 1
2
m=
2 cos ec 2 cot
2
6x2 9xy + 4xy 6y2 = 0

3x (2x 3y) + 2y(2x 3y) = 0
(2x 3y)(3x + 2y) = 0
the separate equations of the lines are
2x 3y = 0 and 3x + 2y = 0.
m = cos ec cot
m=
ii) x2 4y2 = 0
x2 (2y)2 = 0
m=
(x 2y) (x + 2y) = 0
x 2y = 0 and x + 2y = 0.
3x
3x y
sin
y (1 cos )
=
x
sin
sin y = (1 + cos ) x
y2 = 0
)(
(1 cos )
y sin = (1 cos ) x
iii) 3x2 y2 = 0
1
cos
sin sin
3x + y = 0
3x y = 0 and
& sin y = (1 cos ) x

are the separate equations.
3x + y = 0
iv) 2x2 + 2xy2 y2 = 0
10
Q-3) If lines x2 + 2hxy + 4y2 = 0 are coincident
m1 . m2 =
find the values of h

a
= 1
b
The required lines are perpendicular to
x2 + 2hxy + 4y2 = 0 with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0,

we get, a = 1, h = h and b = 4.
these lines
Since the lines represented by

x2 + 2hxy + 4y2 = 0 are coincident, h2 ab = 0
The slopes are
1
1
and
m
m1
2
These lines are passing through the
h2 1 4 = 0
h2 = 4
origin, their separate equations are
h = + 2.
y=
1
1
x and y =
x
m1
m2
Q-4) Find the combined equations of lines
i.e., m1y = x and m2y = x
through the origin which are perpendicular

to the lines represented by
x + m1y = 0 and x + m2y = 0

The combined equation is
i) x2 + 4xy + 5y2 = 0
ii) x2 + xy y2 = 0
(x + m1y) (x + m2y) = 0
x2 + (m1+ m2) xy + m1m2 y2 = 0
Ans. i) Comparing the equation

x2 + 4xy + 5y2 = 0 with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0,
x2 + xy y2 = 0
we get, a = 1, 2h = 4, b = 5
Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of the lines
Q-5) Find k if sum of the slope of lines represented

by the equation 3x2 + kxy + y2 = 0 is 0.
represented by x2 + 4xy + 5y2 = 0

3x2 + kxy + y2 = 0 with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0,
2h 4
=
5
b
a 1
and m1m2 = =
b 5
m1 + m2 =
... (i)
represented by 3x2 + kxy + y2 = 0.
Now required lines are perpendicular to

these lines
their slopes are 1/m1 and 1/m2
Since these lines are passing through the
origin, their separate equations are
1
1
y=
x and y =
x
m1
m2
i.e., m1y = x and m2y = 0
their combined equations is
(x + m1y) (x + m2y) = 0
x2
4
1
xy + y 2 = 0
5
5
... [By (i)]
5x2 4xy + y2 = 0.
x2 + xy y2 = 0 with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0,
we get,
1
a = 1, h = , b = 1
2

represented by x2 + xy y2 = 0
m1 + m2 =
2h 1
=
=1
b
1
we get, a = 3, 2h = k, b = 1
m1 + m2 =
2h k
=
= k
b
1
Now, m1 + m2 = 0
k=0
... (Given)
k = 0.
Q-6) Find k if sum of the slope of lines

represented by the equation
2x2 + kxy + 3y2 = 0 is 0 is equal to their
product.
2x2 + kxy + 3y2 = 0, with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0,
we get, a = 2, 2h = k, b = 3
represented by 2x2 + kxy + 3y2 = 0.
m1 + m2 =
2h k
=
b
3
and m1m2 =
a 2
=
b 3
Now, m1 + m2 = m1m2
k 2
=
3 3
k=2
... (Given)
11
Q-7) Show that the difference between slope of

lines repersented by the equation
3x2 + 4xy + y2 = 0 is 2.
Ans. The given equation is
3x2 + 4xy + y2 = 0,
... (i)
Comparing it with ax + 2hxy + by2 = 0,

we get, a = 3, 2h = 4, b = 1
45 3k
+3=0
25
5
45 15k + 75 = 0
15k = 120
k=8
Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of lines given by(i)

Then m1 + m 2 =
and m1m 2 =
2h 4
=
= 4
b
1
a 3
= =3
b 1
(m1 m2 )2 = (m1 + m2 )2 4m1m2

= ( 4)2 4(3) = 16 12 = 4
m1 m2 = 2
the slopes of lines represented by
3x2 + 4xy + y2 = 0, differ by 2.
Q-8) Find the value of k, if slope of one of the
lines given by 3x2 4xy + ky2 = 0 is 1.
Ans. The auxiliary equation of the lines given by
3x2 4xy + ky2 = 0 is
km2 4m + 3 = 0.
Q-10) The slope of one of the lines given by the

equation 3x2 + 4xy + y2 = 0 is 3 times the
slope of the other line. Find .
3x2 + 4xy + y2 = 0 with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0,
we get,
a = 3, 2h = 4, b =
represented by 3x2 + 4xy + y2 = 0.
m1 + m2 =
and m1m 2 =
2h 4
=
b
a 3
= .
b
We are given that m2 = 3m1

m1 + 3m1 =
4
m1 =
Given, slope of one of the lines is 1.

1 is the root of the auxiliary equation
4m1 =
Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of lines given by

km2 4m + 3 = 0.
Also, m1 (3m1) =
k(1)2 4(1) + 3 = 0
k 4+3=0
m12 =
k = 1.
1
1
=
... (i)
Q-9) Find the value of k, if one of the lines given

by 3x2 kxy + 5y2 = 0 is perpendicular, to
the line 5x + 3y = 0
Ans. Th e au xili ary equatio n of the lin es
represented by
... [By (i)]
1 1
=
2
= 1, as 0.
3x2 kxy + 5y2 = 0 is

5m2 km + 3 = 0.
Q-11) If slopes of lines given by kx2 + 5xy + y2 = 0

differ by 1 then find the value of k.
Now, one line is perpendicular to the line

kx2 + 5xy + y2 = 0 with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0,
5x + 3y = 0, whose slope is
slope of that line = m =
3
5
3
5
3
is the root of the auxiliary equation
5
we get,
a = k, 2h = 5, b = 1.
represented by kx2 + 5xy + y2 = 0
m1 + m2 =
5m2 km + 3 = 0.
2
3
3
5 k + 3 = 0
5
5
and m1m2 =
2h 5
=
= 5
b
1
a k
= =k
b 1
12
(m1 m2)2 = (m1 + m2)2 4m1m2
= ( 5)2 4(k) = 25 4k
... (i)
But m1 m2 = 1
(m1 m2)2 = 1
From (i) and (ii), 25 4k = 1
4k = 24
(2x + y)(x + y) = 0
The se p arat e e quati on o f th e li ne s
represented by 2x2 + 3xy + y2 = 0 are
2x + y = 0 and x + y = 0
k = 6.
Angle
bisector
Q-12) Find the value of k, if one of the lines given

by 6x2 + kxy + y2 = 0 is 2x + y = 0
P(x,y)
Ans. Th e au xili ary equatio n of the lin es

represented by
6x2 + kxy + y2 = 0 is
m2 + km + 6 = 0.
Since one of the line is 2x + y = 0 whose slope
is m = 2
2 is the root of the auxiliary equation
m2 + km + 6 = 0.
( 2)2 + k ( 2) + 6 = 0
4 2k + 6 = 0
Angle X
bisector
Let P (x, y) be any point on one angle bisector.

Since the points on the angle bisectors are
equidistant from both the lines,
the distance of P (x, y) from the line 2x + y = 0
the distance of P (x, y) from the line
x + y =0
2k = 10 k = 5.
2x + y
4 +1
x +y
1 +1
Q-13) If the sum of the slopes of the lines given

by 2x2 + kxy 9y2 = 0 is equal to five times
their product, find the value of k.
2x2 + kxy 9y2 = 0, with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0,
we get,
a = 2, h =
represented by 2x2 + kxy 9y2 = 0

k
2
2h
2 = k
m1 + m2 =
=
b
9
9
( x + y )2
2 ( 2x + y ) = 5 ( x + y )
2 4x 2 + 4xy + y 2 = 5 x 2 + 2xy + y 2
3x 2 2xy 3y 2 = 0
This is the required joint equation of the
lines which bisect the angle between the
lines represented by 2x 2 + 3xy + y 2 = 0
Q-15) Find the joint equation of the pair of lines

through origin and making an equilateral
triangle with the line x = 3
a 2
=
b
9
Now, m1 + m2 = 5m1m2
k
2
= 5
;
9
9
( 2x + y )2
8x 2 + 8xy + 2y 2 = 5x 2 +10xy + 5y 2
k
,b=9
2
m1m2 =
... (given)
Ans. Let OA and OB be the lines through the origin

making an angle of 600 with the line x = 3.
k = 10
Y
Q-14) Find the joint equation of lines which bisect

angles betweeen lines represented by
2x2 + 3xy + y2 = 0
Ans. 2x2 + 3xy + y2 = 0
A
1500
600
30 0
X'
30
600
2x2 + 2xy + xy + y2 = 0
2x (x + y) + y (x + y) = 0
B
x=3
Y'
13
OA and OB make an angle of 300 and 1500

with the positive direction of X-axis
slope of OA = tan 300 = 1
1
3
Slope of OB = tan1500 = tan (1800 300)

= tan300 = 1
equation of the line OB is y =
3y = x
3y
1
3
x + 3y = 0
)( x +
3y = 0
i.e., x2 3y2 = 0.
Q-16) Find k, if the sum of the slopes of the lines
represented by the equation x2 + kxy 3y2
= 0 is twice their product
Ans. Given equation is x2 + kxy 3y2 = 0
Comparing it with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0
we get, a = 1 , 2h = k , b = 3
represented by x2 + kxy 3y2 = 0
m1 + m2 =
2h k
=
b
3
a
1
and m1m2 = =
3
b
According to the given condition.
m1m2 = 2 (m1m2)
k
1
= 2
3
2
...(given)
k=4
k=2
kx2 + 4xy y2 = 0 exceeds the slops of the

other by 8, find k
Ans. Given equation is kx2 + 4xy y2 = 0
we get, a = k , 2h = 4 , b = 1
represented by kx2 + 4xy y2 = 0
m1 + m2 = 4 and m1m2 = k
According to the given condition
m2 = m1 + 8
m1 + (m1 + 8) = 4
2m1 = 4
m1 = 2
Now, m1 (m1 + 8 ) = k
( 2) (2 + 8 ) = k
(2) (6) = k
12 = k
k = 12
Q-19) Find the condition that the line 3x +y = 0
may be perpendicular to one of the lines
represented by ax2 + 2 hxy + by2 = 0
Ans. Th e au xili ary e quatio n of the lin e s
represented by ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 is
bm2 + 2hm + a = 0
Since one line is perpendicular to the line
3x + y = 0 whose slope is
k=3
Q-17) Find k , if th e s lo pes of th e lines
represented by the equation
3x2 + kxy y2 = 0 differ by 4
Ans. Given equation 3x2 + kxy y2 = 0

we get, a = 3 , 2h = k , b = 1
represented by 3x2 + kxy y2 = 0
m1 + m2 =
But |m1 m2| = 4

(m1 m2)2 = 16
Q-18) If the slope of one of the lines given by
required combined equation of the lines

is
(x
...(i)
From (i) and (ii), we get

k2 + 12 = 16
x 3y = 0
3y = x
= k2 4(3)
= k2 + 12
equation of the line OA is y =
Now, (m1 m2)2 = (m1 + m2)2 4m1m2
a
2h
= k and m1 m2 = = 3
b
b
slope of that line = m =

m=
3
= 3
1
1
3
1
is the root of the auxiliary equation
3
bm2 + 2hm + a = 0
2
1
1
b + 2h + a = 0
3

3
b + 6h + 9a = 0
9a + 6h + b = 0
This is the required condition
14
Q-20) Show that 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 and the lines
(3x +4y )2 3 (4x +3y)2 = 0 form the side an
equilateral triangle.
Q-21) Show that x2 4xy + y2 = 0 and the lines
x + y 6 = 0 form an equilateral triangle

Find its area and perimeter
3
Ans. The slope of the line 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 is m1 =
4
Let m be the slope of one of the line making
an angle of 600 with the line 3x + 4y + 5 = 0
Ans. Le t O A
and OB be
Since the angle between the lines having

slope m and m1 is 600
origin
Let M be
tan 600 =
m m1
1+ m.m1
B
0
60
the lines
th ro u g h
M x +y =
60
the slope
of OA or
A
O
OB which
3
m
4
3 =
3
1+ m
from equilateral triangle with line x + y = 6

whose slope is
Its equation is y = mx
tan 600 =
4m + 3
3 =
4 3m
Squaring both sides, we get
2
( 4m + 3)
3=
2
( 4m 3)
3(4 3m)2 = (4m + 3)2
3 (16 24m + 9m2) = 16m2 + 24m + 9

48 72m + 27m2 = 16m2 + 24m + 9
11m2 96m + 39 = 0
Since, required lines pass through the origin,
their equations is of the form
y = mx i.e. m =
y
x
y
y
11 96 + 39 = 0
x
x
2
3=
m +1
;
1m
...(i)
3=
m +1
1m
m 2 + 2m +1
m 2 2m +1
3m2 6m + 3 = m2 + 2m + 1
2m2 8m 2 = 0
m2 4m 1 = 0
Joint equation of the pair of lines is given by
y
y2
4
+3 =0
x
x2
...[From (i)]
x2 4xy + y2 = 0 which is given in question

He nce, joint equation from e quilateral
triangle with x + y = 6
distance of AB from origin is

OM =
y
96y
11 2
+ 39 = 0
x
x
6
1+1
= 3
( OM)
( 3)
=
11y2 96xy + 39x2 = 0

39x2 96xy + 11y2 = 0
Area of OAB =
is the required joint equation which can be

written as 39x2 96xy + 11y2 = 0
i.e.
(9x2 48x2) + (24xy + 72xy) + (16y2 27y2) = 0
In right angled triangle OAM
i.e.
(9x2 + 24xy + 16y2) (48x2 72xy + 27y2) = 0
i.e.
(9x2 + 24xy + 16y2) 3(16x2 24xy + 9y2) = 0
i.e. (3x + 4y)2 3(4x 3y) = 0
Hence, the line 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 and the lines
(3x + 4y)2 3(4x 3y2) from an equilateral
triangle.
= 3 sq units.
sin 600 =
OM
OA
3
3
=
OA = 2
2
OA
Length of the each side of the equilateral
triangle OAB = 2 units
perimeter of
OAB = 3 length of each side
= 3 2 = 6 units
15
Q-22) Find the joint equation of lines through the

origin, each of which makes angle of 30
with the line 3x + 2y + 66 = 0
Q -1) Find the acute angle between the lines

given by x2 + y2 = 2xycosec
Ans. The slope of the line3x + 2y + 66 = 0 is

m1 =
GROUP (C) CLASS WORK PROBLEMS
3
2
Let m be the slope of one of the lines making
x2 +y2 = 2xy cossec with ax2 + by2 + 2hxy = 0

we get a = 1 , b = 1 , h = cosec
an angle of 300 with the 3x + 2y + 66 = 0. The

angle between the lines having slopes m and
Let be the acute anle between the lines
m1 is 300
tan =
tan 300 =
m m1
1
, where tan 300 =
1+ m.m1
3
3
m
2
=
3 1+ m 3
2
1
1
3
2m + 3
2 3m
tan =
tan =
2 h 2 ab
a +b
2 cosec 2 1
2
cot 2
tan = cot
tan = tan
2
On squaring both the sides, we get,

2
1 ( 2m + 3)
=
3 ( 2 3m )2
(2 3m)2 = 3(2m + 3)2

4 12m + 9m2 = 3(4m2 + 12m + 9)
4 12m + 9m2 = 12m2 + 36m + 27
Q -2) F in d th e acute an gle betw een th e

linesgiven by
3m2 + 48m + 23 = 0
This is the auxiliary equation of the two
lines and their joint equation is obtained by

putting m =
y
x
(a2 3b2) x2 + 8abxy + (b2 3a2)y2 = 0

Ans. Combined equation of lines is,
(a
3b 2 x 2 + 8abxy + b 2 3a 2 y 2 = 0
comparing with, Ax 2 + 2Hxy + By 2 = 0

So,
the joint equation of the two lines is
A = a 2 3b 2 ; H = 4a ; B = b 2 3a 2
y
y
3 + 48 + 23 = 0
x
x
tan =
3y 2 48y
+
+ 23 = 0
x
x2
2
3y + 48xy + 23x = 0; 23x + 48xy + 3y = 0.
tan =
2 h 2 ab
a +b
)(
2 16a 2b 2 a 2 3b 2 b 2 3a 2
2
a 3b + b 3a
Q-23) Find the condition that the line 4x +5y = 0

coincides with one of the lines given by
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0
tan =
2 16a 2b 2 10a 2b 2 + 3a 4 + 3b 4
2 a 2 + b 2
Ans. ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0.

2
y
y
ax + 2h + b = 0
x

x
tan =
2 3a 4 + 6a 2b 2 + 3b 4
2 a 2 + b 2
4x +5y = 0 ; 5y = 4x
2
4
y
4
4
=
; a + 2h
+ b
=0
5
x
5
5
a
8h 16b
= 0 25a 40h + 16b = 0

25
5
tan =
3 a2 + b2
= tan 1
(a
+b
( 3) ;
)
; tan = 3
)
=
16
Q -3) If the angle between the lines
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 is equal to the angle
between the lines 2x2 5xy + 3y2 = 0 prove
2
2
tan 45 =
that 100(h ab) = (a + b)

Ans. 1st combined equation is,
ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0
... (i)
h 2 24
5=2
So,
tan =
h2
6
4
5
5 = h 2 24
2 h 2 ab
a +b
h 2 24 = 25
2nd combined equation is,
h 2 = 25 + 24
2x 2 5xy + 3y 2 = 0
h 2 = 49
A = 2, H =
h = 7
5
, B =3
2
Q -5) Show that one of the straight lines given

by ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 bisects an angle
25
2
6
4
tan =
5
between the co-ordinate axes if

(a + b)2 = 4h2
Ans. The equation of a straight line is given by,
ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0
1
2
4
tan =
5
tan =
Divide by x 2 ,
2
y
y
a + 2h + b = 0
x
x
put y = mx
1
5
As per given,
The angle between these two lines is equal
2 h 2 ab 1
=
a +b
5
a + 2hm + bm 2 = 0
bm 2 + 2hm + a = 0
As the lines bisects an angle between coordinate axes.
10 h 2 ab = a + b
100 h 2 ab = (a + b )
y
x
m =
So,
... Hence proved
Q -4) If acute angle between 3x2 + hxy + 2y2 = 0

is of measure 450, find h.
Ans. The combined equation is,
= 450
m = tan
m = tan 450
m =1
2
3x 2 + hxy + 2y 2 = 0
b (1) + 2h (1) + a = 0
comparing with,
b + 2h + a = 0
Ax 2 + 2Hxy + By 2 = 0
(a + b ) = 2h
h
A = 3, H = , B = 2
2
tan =
2 h 2 ab
a +b
squaring on both sides,
(a + b )
= 4h 2
17
GROUP (C) HOME WORK PROBLEMS

Q -1) Find the measure of the acute angle
between the lines represented by :
i) 3x 2 4 3xy + 3y 2 = 0
2
tan =
3
5
3
= tan1 .
5
iii) Comparing the equation
ii) 4 x + 5xy + y = 0
2x 2 + 7xy + 3y 2 = 0 with
iii) 2x 2 + 7xy + 3y 2 = 0
ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 , we get,
Ans. i) Comparing the equation
7
,b=3
2
3x 2 4 3xy + 3y 2 = 0 with
a = 2, h =
ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 , we get,
Let be the acute angle between the lines.
a = 3, 2h = 4 3 , i.e., h = 2 3 and b = 3
tan =
2 h 2 ab
a +b
tan =
2
=
( 2 3 )
7
2 ( 2)( 3 )
2
=
2+3
3 (3)
3+3
2
2 h 2 ab
a +b
2 12 9
2 3
=
6
6
tan =
= tan 300
=
= 300
4x 2 + 5xy + y 2 = 0 with
=
a = 4, 2h = 5, i.e., h =
5
and b = 1.
2

2 h 2 ab
a +b
tan =
5
2 4 (1)
2
=
4 +1
2 49 24
52
25
5
ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 , we get,
49
6
4
5
5
5
tan = 1
= 450
Q -2) Find the value of b, if the angle between

the lines given by 6x2 + xy + by2 = 0 is 450
6x2 + xy + by2 = 0 with
Ax 2 + 2Hxy + By 2 = 0 , we get,
A = 6, 2H = 1, i.e., H =
25
3
2
4
2
4
2
=
=
5
5
1
and B = b
2
Since the angle between the lines is 450,

tan 450 =
2 H 2 AB
A +B
18
Q -4) If the lines given by ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0

2
1
2 6 (b )
2
1 =
6 +b
1 =
form an equilateral triangle with the line

lx + my = 1, show that (3a + b) (a +3b)
4h2 = 0
Ans. Since the lines ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 form an
equilateral triangle with the line
lx + my = 1, the angle between the lines
1
6b
4
6+b
ax 2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 is 600

2 h 2 ab
a +b
tan 600 =
(6 + b)2 = 4 6b
4
2
36 + 12b + b = 1 24b
b2 + 36b + 35 = 0
b2 + 35b + b + 35 = 0
b (b + 35) + 1(b + 35) = 0
(b + 1) + 1(b + 35) = 0
b + 1 = 0 or b + 35 = 0
b=1
or b = 35.
3a2 + 10ab + 3b2 = 4h2

3a2 + 9ab + ab + 3b2 = 4h2
a2 12b2)x2 + 16abxy + (4b2 3a2)y2 = 0

is 600
Ans. Given combined equation is,
a 2 12b 2 x 2 +16abxy + 4b 2 3a 2 y 2 = 0
comparing with,
Ax 2 + 2Hxy + By 2 = 0
A = a 2 12b 2
B = 4b 2 3a 2
=
2 64a 2b 2 40a 2b 2 + 3a 2 + 48b 2

a 2 12b 2 + 4b 2 3a 2
2 24a 2b 2 + 3a 2 + b 2 + 48b 4
8b 2 2a 2
2 3 4b 2 + a 2
2 4b + a
3a(a + 3b) + b(a + 3b)= 4h2

(3a + b) (a + 3b) 4h2 =0
Q-5) Find the value of k, if the lines x2 + kxy +

y2 = 0 and x + y = 1 contain the sides of an
equilateral triangle. Also, find the area of
the triangle.
Ans. Since the lines x2 + kxy + y2 = 0 form an
equilateral triangle with the line
x + y = 1, the angle between the lines
H = 8ab
2 h 2 ab
a +b
3(a +b)2 = 4 (h2 ab)

3(a2 + 2ab + b2) = 4h2 4ab
3a2 + 6ab + 3b2 + 4ab = 4h2
Q -3) Show that the angle between
3=
x2 + kxy + y2 = 0 is 600
Comparing the equation x2 + kxy + y2 = 0 with
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0
a = 1, 2h = k, b = 1
tan 60 =
2 h 2 ab
a +b
2
tan 60 =
(k 2)
(1)(1)
1 +1
= 3
3=
tan = 3
= tan 1
k2
( 3)
= 60 ... Hence proved
3=
k2 4
2
On squaring both sides

12 = k2 4
k2 = 16
19
k = 4
Let the length of the perpendicular from the
given to the line x + y = 1 be p
Area of the equilateral triangle
=
p2
3
sq units =
1
2 3
1 1

3 2
sq units
Q -6) Find the value of b, if is the measure of

angle between the line 3x2 + 4xy + by2 = 0
and tan =
with Ax 2 + 2Hxy + By2 = 0

we get A = 3, 2H = 4 i.e. H = 2 B = b
tan =
1
2
[gn]
2 H 2 AB
A+B
1
=
2
2 22 3b
3+b
1
=
2
2 4 3b
3 +b
On squaring both sides
1
=
4
4 ( 4 3b )
(3 + b )
get, x1 = 1/4 and y1 = 1/2

the point of intersection is P( 1/4, 1/2)
Q -2) Find combined equation of a pair of lines

through the point (2, -3) and perpendicular
to the lines given by x 2 + xy 2y 2= 0.
Ans. x 2 + xy 2y 2 = 0
x 2 + 2xy xy 2y 2 = 0
x ( x + 2y ) y ( x + 2y ) = 0
( x y )( x + 2y ) = 0
1
2
Ans. Comparing the equation 3x 2 + 4xy + by2 = 0
Now, tan =
2x1 + y1 = 0 and 2x1 y1 + 1 = 0

Solving these equations simultaneously, we
9 + 6b + b2 = 64 48b
b2 + 54b 55 = 0
b2 + 55b b 55 = 0
(b + 55) (b 1) = 0
x y = 0 or x + 2y = 0
Slope of x y = 0 is 1.
Slope of line r to x y = 0 is 1
equation of line r to x y = 0
and passing through ( 2, 3 ) is,
y + 3 = 1 ( x 2)
y + 3 = x + 2
x + y +1 = 0
... (i)
Slope of x + 2y = 0 is
1
2
Slope of line r to x + 2y = 0 is 2
equation of line r to x + 2y = 0
and passing through ( 2, 3 ) is,
y + 3 = 2 ( x 2)
y + 3 = 2x 4
2x y 7 = 0
combined equations of lines is,
... (ii)
( x + y +1)( 2x y 7 ) = 0
from (i) and (ii)
b = 55 & b = 1
2
GROUP (D) CLASS WORK PROBLEMS
2x xy 7x + 2xy y 2 7y + 2x y 7 = 0
2x 2 + xy y 2 5x 8y 7 = 0
Q -1) Find the separate equation of the lines

represented by 4x2 y2 + 2x y = 0. Also
find the point of intersection of these lines.
Ans. The combined equation of the lines is
4x 2 y2 + 2x y = 0
(2x + y)(2x y) + (2x + y) = 0
(2x + y)(2x y + 1) = 0
their separate equations are
2x + y = 0 and 2x y + 1 = 0
Let P (x1,y1) be their point of intersection.
Then (x1, y1) satisfies these equations
Q -3) Find k if
kx 2 xy + 2y 2 + 19x 6y 20 = 0
represents pairs of lines. Further find
wh ether th ese lines are parallel or
intersecting
kx 2 xy + 2y 2 +19x 6y 20 = 0
Comparing with
ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0
20
we get
a = k,h =
1
19
, b = 2, g =
, f = 3, c = 20
2
2
Equation represents a pair of lines
abc + 2 fgh af
bg ch = 0
57 361
+5 = 0
2
2
49k
304
+5 =0
2
px 2 8xy + 3y2 + 14x +2y + q = 0

Comparing it with
ax 2 + 2hxy + by2 +2gx + 2fy + c = 0, we get
a = p, h = 4 , b = 3, g = 7 f = 1 and c = q
19 1
k 9 2
2 2
361
1
+ 20 = 0
4
4
40k + ( 6 )
49k +
Q -5) Find p and q, if the equation

px2 8xy + 3y2 + 14x +2y + q = 0 represents
a pair of perpendicular lines
Since the given equation represents a pair

of line perpendicular to each other,
a+b=0
p+3=0
p = 3
Also the equation represents a pair of straight
lines
49k 152 + 5 = 0
a
h
49k = 147
k = 3
2
1
Consider h 2 ab = k 2
2
=
lines are intersecting
(x 1)2 (y 1)2 (x 1) 5 (y 1) + = 0.
represents two straight lines.
(x 1)2 (y 1)2 (x 1) 5 (y 1) + = 0.
...(i)
) (
2x +1 y 2 2y +1
x + 1 5y + 5 +
= 0
x2 2x + 1 y2 +2y 1 x + 1 5y + 5 +
=0
2
2
x 3x y 3y + 6 +
=0
x2 y2 3x 3y + 6 +
=0
Comparing with
...(ii)
3
3
,f=
, c = 6 +
2
2
Equation (ii) represents a pair of lines

2
2
abc + 2fgh af bg 2 ch = 0
1 1 (6 + ) + 0 1
9
9
6 +
+
=0
4
4
6 = 0
= 6
1 =0
25q 200 = 0
25(q + 8) = 0
q = 8
p = 3 and q = 8
Q -5) Show that one of the straight lines given

by ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 bisects an angle
between the co-ordinate axes if
(a + b)2 = 4h2
Ans. The equation of a straight line is given by,
ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0
Divide by x 2 ,
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0

a = 1, h = 0, b = 1, g =
3 (3q 1) + 4 (4q 7) + 7 (4 21) = 0

9q + 3 16q 28 175 = 0
Q -4) Find so that equation
9
9
+1
0=0
4
4
y
y
a + 2h + b = 0
x
x
put y = mx
m =
y
x
a + 2hm + bm 2 = 0
bm 2 + 2hm + a = 0
As the lines bisects an angle between coordinate axes.
So,
= 450
g
f =0
c
3 4 7
1
25
+6=
0
4
4
(x
h
b
f
21
m = tan
tan = 1
m = tan 450
m =1
2
b (1) + 2h (1) + a = 0
GROUP (D) HOME WORK PROBLEMS
b + 2h + a = 0
(a + b ) = 2h
squaring on both sides,
2
(a + b ) = 4h 2
Q -6) Show that 2x2 + 7xy +3y2 5x 5y + 2 = 0
represents a pair of lines and find the acute
angle between them.
Ans. Comparing
2x2 + 7xy +3y2 5x 5y + 2 = 0 with
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 +2gx + 2fy + c = 0
we get
a = 2 ,h =
7
5
5
, b = 3, g =
, f=
and c = 2
2
2
2
Q -1) Find the combined equation if the pair of

lines through (2,3) one of which is parallel
to 2x + 3y = 5 and other perpendicular to
x 4y =7.
Ans. Let L1 be the line throught (2,3) and parallel
to the line 2x + 3y = 5
The slope of the line 2x + 3y = 5 is
the slope of the line L1is
2
3
2
and it passes
3
through (2,3)
equation of the line L1is y 3 =
2
(x 2)
3
condition for pair of lines is = 0

LHS = abc + 2fgh af 2 bg2 ch2
3y 9 = 2x + 4
2x + 3y 13 = 0
5
= 2 3 2 + (5)
7

2
Le t L 2 be the line through (2,3) and

perpendicular to the line x 4y = 7.
25
25
49
3
2
4
4
4
1 1
= .
4 4
the slope of the line L2 is 4 and it passes
through (2,3)
= 12 +
25 7 50 75 98
4
4
4
4
= 12 +
175 125
98
=
4
4
50
98
= 12 +
4
4
48
= 12
4
= 12 12
=0

y 3 = 4(x 2)
y 3 = 4x + 8
4x + y 11= 0
Hence, the equations of required lines are
2x + 3y 13 = 0 and 4x + y 11= 0.

(2x + 3y 13) (4x + y 11) = 0.
The equation represents a pair of straight

lines
If is the acute angle between the lines
then
tan =
The slope of the line x 4y = 7 is
2 h 2 ab
a +b
2
7
49
2 2 (3)
2
6
2
4
=
=
2+3
5
8x 2 + 2xy 22x + 12xy + 3y2 33y 52x

13y + 143 = 0
8x 2 + 14xy + 3y2 74x 46y + 143 = 0.
Q -2) Find the joint equation of the pair of lines

through ( 2, 2), one of which is parallel to
the linex + 2y 3 = 0 and other is
perpendicular to the line y = 3
Ans. Let L1 be the line passes throught ( 2,2) and
parallel to the line x + 2y 3 = 0 whose slope
is
1
2
22
Slope of line L1 is
Q -4) Find k if x 2 3xy + 2y 2 + x y + k = 0
1
2
represents a pair of lines

Ans. x 2 + 3xy + 2y2 + x y + k = 0
(y 2) =
1
( x + 2)
2
a = 1, b = 2, h =
2y 4 = x 2
Condition for pair of lines.

abc + 2fgh af 2 bg 2 ch2 = 0
x + 2 + 2y 4 = 0
x + 2y 2 = 0
Let L2 be the line passes throught ( 2, 2) and
perpendicular to the line y = 3
equation of the line L2 is of the form x = a
Since L2 passes throug ( 2, 2), 2 = a
equation of the line L2 is x = 2
i.e., x + 2 = 0
Hence the equation of the required line are
x + 2y 2 = 0 and x + 2 = 0
(x + 2y 2) (x + 2) = 0
1
1
9
3
2k + 2 1 2 k = 0
4
4
4
8

2k
3 1 1 9k

=0
4 4 2 4
8k 3 1 2 9k = 0
k = 6
k =6
Q -5) Find the separate equations for each of the
following lines
10(x + 1)2 + (x + 1) (y 2) 3 (y 2)2 = 0
Ans. The given equation is
x + 2x + 2xy + 4y 2x 4 = 0
x 2 + 2xy + 4y 4 = 0
10(x +1) + (x +1) (y 2) 3 (y 2) = 0 ...(i)

Let x + 1 = X and y 2 = Y
Q -3) Show that the equation
The given equation becomes

10X2 + XY 3Y 2
= 0
9x 2 6xy + y 2 + 18x 6y + 8 = 0
represents two lines parallel to each other.
10X2 + 6XY 5XY 3Y 2 = 0

2X(5X + 3Y) Y (5X + 3Y) = 0
(2X Y) (5X + 3Y) = 0
Either 2X Y = 0 2(x + 1) (y 2) = 0
9x 2 6xy + y 2 +18x 6y + 8 = 0
Comparing with
2x y + 4
OR, 5X + 3Y
ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0
a = 9, h = 3, b = 1, g = 9, f = 3, c = 8.
Consider
abc + 2 fgh af 2 bg 2 ch 2
= 9 1 8 + ( 6 ) 9 3 9 9 1 81 8 9
= 72 +162 81 81 72
= 0
= 0 5(x + 1)+ 3(y 2) = 0
5x + 3y 1 = 0
Th e g iven equation re presents two
straight lines
2x y + 4 = 0 and 5x + 3y 1 = 0
Q -6) Find p and q if the equation
=0
The given equation represents a pair of
lines
(i)
12x2 + 7xy py2 18x + qy + 6 = 0

represent a pair of perpendicular lines.
Ans. 12x2 + 7xy py2 18x + qy + 6 = 0
Now, h 2 ab = ( 3 ) 9 1 = 9 9 = 0
2
As h ab = 0 lines are parallel.

From (i) & (ii)
3
1
1
,g= ,f=
,c=k
2
2
2
a = 12, h =
(ii)
9x 2 6xy + y 2 +18x 6y + 8 = 0
represents a pair of parallel straight lines.
7
q
, b = p, c = 6, g = 9, f =
2
2
Conditions of perpendicular lines,

a+b
12 p
= 0
= 0
p = 12
Condition for pair of lines,
abc + 2fgh af 2 bg 2 ch2 = 0
23
240 + 2 2q 2 + 240 + 4q = 0
2
7
q
q
12 (p)(6) + 2 (9) 12
2
2
2
(p) 81 6
72 p
108
49
=0
4
147
63q
3q2 + 81p
=0
2
2
72 12
864
2q 2 4q + 2 = 0
147
63q
3q2 + 81 12
=0
2
2
147
63q
3q2 + 972
=0
2
2
q 2 2q + 1 = 0
(q 1) (q 1) = 0
i.e. q = 1
q 2 =1 ;
q =1 ;
p = 8, q = 1
Q -8) Find the value of k, if each of the following

equations represents a pair of lines :
i) 3x2 + 10xy +3y2 +16y +k = 0.
ii) kxy + 10x +6y +4 = 0
iii) x2 + 3xy +2y2 +x y +k = 0
Ans. i) Given equation is
147
63q
3q 2
=0
2
2
6q2 + 63q 69 = 0
2q2 + 21q 23 = 0
3x 2 + 10xy +3y2 +16y +k = 0.

Comparing it with
2q2 + 23q 2q 23 = 0
q (2q + 23) 1 (2q + 23) = 0
ax 2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0

we get, a = 3, h = 5 b = 3 , g = 0, f = 8 c = k
Since the equation represents a pair of
lines
23
or q = 1
2
q=
abc + 2 fgh af 2 bg 2 ch2 = 0

(3)(3)(k) + 2 (8) (0) (5) 3(8)2 3 (0)2 k (5)2
p = 12
Q -7) Find p and q if the following equations

represent a pair of parallel lines
2x 2 + 8xy + py2 + qx + 2y 15 = 0
Ans. The equation is,
comparing with
Comparing it with
ax 2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0
q
, f = 1, c = 15
2
we get, a = 0, h =
The lines are parallel

lines
h ab = 0
2
(4)
p=
k
b = 0 , g = 5, f = 3
2
c=4
( 4)
9k + 0 192 0 25k
16k 192 = 0
16k 192
Hence k = 12
ii) Given equation is kxy + 10x + 6y + 4 = 0
2x 2 + 8xy + py 2 + qx + 2y 15 = 0
a = 2, h = 4, b = p, g =
=0
2( p) = 0
abc + 2 fgh af 2 bg 2 ch2 = 0
= 2p
k
(0)(0)(4) + 2 (3) (5) 0 (3)2 0 (5)2
2
16
2
k
4 = 0
2
p=8
The above equation represents pair of line
abc + 2 fgh af 2 bg 2 ch 2 = 0
2
q
q
2 ( 8 ) ( 15 ) + 2 (1) ( 4 ) 2 (1) 8
2
2
2
( 15 ) ( 4 ) = 0
q
8 ( 30 ) + 2 (1) 4 2 2q 2 + 240 = 0
2
0 + 15k 0 0 k 2 = 0
15k k2 = 0
k (k 15) = 0
k = 0 or k = 15
If k = 0 then the given equation becomes
10x + 6y + 4 = 0 which does not represent a
pair of lines
k 0
24
Hence k = 15
iii)
Given equation is
x 2 + 3xy +2y2 +x y +k = 0
Comparing it with
ax 2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
we get, a = 1, h =
3
1
1
b=2,g= ,f=
2
2
2
c=k
lines
a h
h b
g f
3
2
1
2
ac 2
bc 2
0+0
=0
4
4
ac 2 bc 2
=0
4
4
ac2 + bc2 = 0
c2 (a + b) = 0
a + b = 0 or c = 0
Q-10) Find p and q if the equation

px2 8xy + 3y2 + 14x + 2y + q = 0 represent
two straight lines which are perpendicular.
1
2
1
=0
2
g
f =0
c
3
2
c2
c
bc
a 0
0 + 0
=0
4
2
2
Also find the co-ordinate of their point of

intersection.
px2 8xy + 3y2 + 14x +2y + q = 0
Comparing it with
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 +2gx + 2fy + c = 0, we get
2 3 1
1
3 4 1 = 0
2
1 1 2k
a = p, h = 4 , b = 3, g = 7 f = 1 and c = q
Since the given equation represents a pair
of line perpendicular to each other,
a+b=0
1 = 0
p+3=0
1 1 2k
p = 3
2 (8k 1) 3 (6k +1 ) + 1 (3 4) = 0
16k 2 18k 3 7 = 0
2k 12 = 0
Also the equation represents a pair of straight

lines
2k = 12
k = 6
a
h
g
Q -9) Find the condition that equation

ax2 +by +cx +cy = 0 may represent a l pair
of lines
ax 2 +by +cx +cy = 0 with
Ax 2 + 2Hxy + By2 + 2Gx + 2Fy + C = 0, we get
A = a, H = 0, B = b, g =
c
c
,f= ,C=0
2
2
The given equation represents a pair of lines

a
F = 0 i.e, if 0 b
C
c c
2 2
c
2
c
=0
2
0
f =0
3 4 7
4 3 1 = 0
7 1 q
3 (3q 1) + 4 (4q 7) + 7 (4 21) = 0
9q + 3 16q 28 175 = 0
25q 200 = 0
25(q + 8) = 0
q = 8
p = 3 and q = 8
25
BASIC ASSIGNMENTS (BA) :
Q-2) Find the separate equations of the lines
BA 1
represented by the following equations :

x2 4xy = 0
Q-1) Find the joint equation of the following pair

of lines
Ans. Given equation is x2 4xy = 0

x(x 4y) = 0
i) 2x + y = 0 and 3x 5y = 0
ii) Passing through (2, 3) and perpendicular
The separate equations of lines are x = 0

and x 4y = 0.
to the lines 3x + 2y 1 = 0 and

x 3y + 2 = 0
Q-3) Find the joint equation of pair of lines through
Ans. i) Given equations :

2x + y = 0 and 3x 5y = 0
Joint equation of the two lines u = 0 and
v = 0 is uv = 0
the origin, which are perpendicular to the

lines represented by 5x2 + 2xy 3y2 = 0
Ans. Given equation is 5x2 + 2xy 3y2 = 0.
Comparing it with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0, we
Joint equation of 2x + y = 0 and 3x 5y = 0

is
get a = 5, h = 1, and b = 3
(2x + y)(3x 5y) = 0

6x2 10xy + 3xy 5y2 = 0
6x2 7xy 5y2 = 0 is the joint equation.
represented by 5x2 + 2xy 3y2 = 0
m1 + m2 =
ii) Given equation of line is 3x + 2y 1 = 0
m1.m2 =
y=
3
1
x+
2
2
Slope is
3
2
1
1
Slopes of the required lines are m and m
1
2
x
2
+
3
3
Slope is
Required lines also pass through the origin,

therefore their equations are of the form
1
1
y = m x and y =
x
m2
1
1
3
x + m1y = 0 and x + m2y = 0

The joint equation of the lines is given by
Let u and v be the lines passing through

(2, 3) and perpendicular to the above lines
Slope of u is
a
5
=
b
3
Since, the required lines are perpendicular

to these lines
And equation of line is x 3y + 2 = 0

3y = x + 2
y=
2h
2
=
and
b
3
2
and v is 3
3
Equation of u is y 3 =
(x + m1y)(x + m2y) = 0
x2 + (m1 + m2) xy + m1m2y2 = 0
x2 +
2
5
xy y2 = 0
3
3
3x2 + 2xy 5y2 = 0
2
(x 2)
3
3y 9 = 2x 4
....(i)
2x 3y + 5 = 0
Equation of u is y 3 = 3(x 2)
Q-4) Find k if, slope of one of the lines given by
y 3 = 3x + 6
3x + y 9 = 0
Ans. Given equation is kx2 + 4xy y2 = 0

....(ii)
kx2 + 4xy y2 = 0 exceeds the slope of the

other by 8.
Joint equation of (i) and (ii) is

(2x 3y + 5)(3x + y 9) = 0
get a = k, 2h = 4, and b = 1
6x2 + 2xy 18x 9xy 3y2 + 27y + 15x +

5y 45 = 0
represented by kx2 + 4xy y2 = 0.

m1 + m2 = 4 and m1m2 = k
6x2 7xy 3y2 3x + 32y 45 = 0 is the

joint equation.
According to the given condition,

m2 = m1 + 8
m1+m1 + 8 = 4
26
2 m1 = 4
m1 = 2
Now, m1(m1 + 8) = k
b + 6h + 9a = 0
9b + b + 6h = 0
This is the required condition.
(2)(2 + 8) = k
2(6) = k
12 = k
k = 12
Q-2) If the slope of one of the lines given by ax2

+ 2hxy + by2 = 0 is four times the other,
Q-5) Find the joint equation of the lines passing

through the origin having inclinations 600
and 1200 with Xaxis
Ans. Slope of the line having inclination 600 is
m1 = tan 60 = 3
And Slope of the line having inclination 1200
0
is m2 = tan 1200 = tan (180 600) = tan 600

= 3
Required lines pass through the origin,
therefore their equations are of the form
y = mx
Equations of the required lines are y = m1x
and y = m2x
i.e. y =
show that 16h2 = 25ab

Ans. Let m 1 and m 2 be the slopes of the lines
represented by ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0.
m1 + m2 =
According to the given condition,

m2 = 4m1
m1 + 4m1 =
5m1 =
2h
b
m1 =
2h
5b
3x+y=0
Also, m1(4m1) =
The joint equation of these lines is given by
2h
a
and m1m2 =
b
b
3 x and y = 3 x
3 x y = 0 and
i.e.
b 2h
+
+a=0
9
3
3x y
)(
4m12 =
3x + y = 0
3x2 y2 = 0
m 12 =
BA 2
2h
b
... (i)
a
b
a
b
a
4b
2
Q-1) Find the condition that the line 3x + y = 0

may be perpendicular to one of the lines
given by ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0
Ans. Auxiliary equation of ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 is
bm2 + 2hm + a = 0.
Slope of the lines 3x + y = 0 is 3
Now, one of the line s re pre se nte d by
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 is perpendicular to the
line 3x + y = 0
Slope of that line is m =

m=
1
3
1
is a root of the auxiliary equation
3
bm2 + 2hm + a = 0.
2
a
2h

=
5
b
4b
a
4h 2
2 =
4b
25b
4h 2
a
=
, as b 0
25b
4
16h2 = 25ab
Q-3) Find the measure of acute angle between

the lines represented by 2x2 + 7xy + 3y2 = 0
Ans. Given equation is 2x2 + 7xy + 3y2 = 0.
Comparing with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0, we get
a = 2, h =
7
and b = 3
2

tan
1
1
b + 2h + a = 0
3
3
... [From (ii)]
2 h 2 ab
=
a +b
49
5
6
2
4
2 =1
=
2+3
5
27
tan = 1
= 450
Q-4) Show that 2x2 xy 3y2 6x + 19y 20 = 0

represents a pair of lines, also find the
1
2 2 ( 3)
2
2 + ( 3)
acute angle between them.

Ans. Given equation of straight line is
2x2 xy 3y2 6x + 19y 20 = 0
Comparing with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy +
1
+6
4
1
2
=
c = 0, we get
a = 2, h =
f=
1
, b = 3, g = 3,
2
19
, c = 20
2
tan = 5;
25
4
5
2
= tan1(5)
If the equation represents a pair of lines then
a h
h b
g
f =0
D =
Q-5) Find the value of k, if the following

equations represents a pair of lines
3x2 + 10xy + 3y2 + 16y + k = 0
a h
1
2
1
2
19
2
19
2
20
2
=
Ans. Given equation is 3x2 + 10xy + 3y2 + 16y + k = 0

Comparing it with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy
361 1
57
= 2 60
10 +
4 2
2
19
+ ( 3)
9
4
+ c = 0, we get
a = 3, h = 5, g = 0, f = 8 and c = k
Since the euation represents a pair of lines
abc + 2fgh af2 bg2 ch2 = 0
3(3)(k) + 2(8)(0)(5) 3(8)2 3(0)2 k(5)2 = 0
9k + 0 192 0 25k = 0
16k 192 = 0
16k 192
Hence, k = 12
BA 3
= 2
240 361 1 20 + 57
+
4
2
2
19 36
3
4
121 77 165
+
+
2
4
4
242 + 242
= 0
4
Since, determinant of the given equation is
zero, it represents a pair of lines.
=
Q-1) If one of the lines given by 3x2 kxy + ky2

= 0 is perpendicular to the line 5x + 3y = 0
Ans. Given equations is 3x2 kxy + 5y2 = 0.
Its auxiliary equation is 5m2 km + 3 = 0
Slope of the line 5x + 3y = 0 is
Slope of the perpendicular to 5x + 3y = 0

is
Let be the acute angle between the pair

lines.
tan =
2 h 2 ab
a +b
5
3
3
.
5
3
is a root of auxiliary equation
5
5m2 km + 3 = 0
2
3
3
5 k + 3 = 0
5
5
28
Q-4) If the lines represented by ax2 + 2hxy + by2
45 3k
+3=0
25
5
= 0 make angles of equal measure with the

coordinate axes, then show that a = b.
45 15k + 75 = 0
15k = 120
k=8
Ans. Let two lines make equal angle with two

coordinate axes.
Q-2) Find the joint equation of pair of lines

through the origin and perpendicular to the
lines given by 2x2 3xy 9y2 = 0
Ans. Given equation is 2x2 3xy 9y2 = 0
i.e. 2x2 6xy + 3xy 9y2 = 0
i.e. 2x(x 3y) + 3y(x 3y) = 0
i.e. (x 3y)(2x + 3y) = 0
2
or and
+ with the positive direction of

2
X-axis.
Slope of the first line is m1 = tan and
2
Seperate equations of 2x 3xy 9y = 0

are x 3y = 0 and 2x + 3y = 0
1
2
Slopes of these lines are
and
3
3
Now, required lines are perpendicular to

these lines, therefore their slopes are 3
and
Thus, these lines will form angle and
3
.
2
slope of the other line is m2 = tan or

2
tan +
2
m2 = cot or m2 = cot
m1m2 = tan cot = 1
or m1m2 = tan (cot ) = 1
m1 m2 = 1
Since these lines also pass through the

origin, their equations are of the form
But m1m2 =
3
y = 3x and y = x
2
a
b
a
=1
b
a=b
i.e. 3x + y = 0 and 3x 2y = 0
The combined equation of the lines is
given by
(3x + y)(3x 2y) = 0
9x2 3xy 2y2 = 0
Q-3) Determine the nature of lines represented
by x2 + 7xy + 2y2 = 0
Ans. Given equation is x2 + 7xy + 2y2 = 0
Comparing with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0,
we get a = 1, 2h = 7
i.e. h =
7
and b = 2
2
49
49 8
41
2=
=
>0
4
4
4
The lines represented by x2 + 7xy + 2y2 = 0
are real and distinct.
Now, h2 ab =

through (2, 3) and parallel to
x2 + xy y2 = 0
Ans. Solution is attached at end
ADVANCED ASSIGNMENTS (AA) :

AA 1
throu gh the origin an d making an
equilateral triangle with the line y = 3
Ans. Let OA and OB be the lines through the
origin making an angle of 600 with the line
y=3
OA and OB make an angle of 600 and
1200 with the positive direction of Xaxis.
Slope of OA = tan 600 =
Equation of line OA is y =
3xy=0
3x
29
(x 1)(x 6) = 0
The separate equations of x2 7x + 6 = 0
are
60
60
y=3
A
and
x1=0
x6=0
... (i)
... (ii)
Let the equation of side AB be x 1 = 0 and

equation of side CD be x 6 = 0.
120
60
Consider, y2 14y + 40 = 0.
(y 4)(y 10) = 0
600
X
The separate equations of y2 14y + 40 = 0

are
and
Slope of OB = tan 1200 = tan (1800 600)

= tan 600 = 3
... (iii)
... (iv)
Let the equation of side BC be y 4 = 0 and

equation of side AD be y 10 = 0.
Y
Equation of line OB is
y = 3 x i.e.
y4=0
y 10 = 0
A(1,10)
D(6,10)
B(1,4)
C(6,4)
y = 10
3x+y=0
The joint equation of the lines is given by
3x y
)(
3x + y = 0
i.e. 3x2 y2 = 0
Q-2) Fin d the sepaeate equation s of the

following lines
2
(x 2) 3(x 2)(y + 1) + 2(y + 1) = 0

Ans. Given equation of line is
y=4
X
x=1
x=6
(x 2)2 3(x 2)(y + 1) + 2(y + 1)2 = 0

(x 2)2 2(x 2)(y + 1) (x 2)(y + 1)
Solving (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), co-ordinates of

vertices of the parallelogram are A (1,10),
+ 2(y + 1)2 = 0
(x 2) [(x 2) 2(y + 1)] (y + 1)[(x 2)
2(y + 1)] = 0
[(x 2) (y + 1)] [x 2) 2(y + 1)] = 0
B (1,4), C (6,4) and D (6,10).

Equation of the diagonal AC is
(x 2 y 1)(x 2 2y 2) = 0
(x y 3)(x 2y 4) = 0
5y + 50 = 6x 6
6x + 5y 56 = 0
Thus, separate equation of the lines are

x y 3 = 0 and x 2y 4 = 0
Q-3) Equation of pairs of opposite side of a

parallelogram are x2 7x + 6 = 0 and
y2 14y + 40 = 0. Find the joint equation of
its diagonals.
Ans. Let ABCD be the parallelogram such that the
combined equation of sides AB and CD is
x 2 7x + 6 = 0
And the combined equation of sides BC and
AD is y2 14y + 40 = 0.
Consider x2 7x + 6 = 0
y 10 10 4
6
=
=
x 1
1 6
5
Equation of diagonal BD is
y 4 4 10 6 6
=
=
=
1 6
5 5
x 1
5y 20 = 6x 6
6x 5y + 14 = 0
Equ atio ns o f th e di agon als of t he
parallelogram are 6x + 5y 56 = 0 and
6x 5y + 14 = 0 respectively.
Joint equation is
(6x + 5y 56)(6x 5y + 14) = 0
6x (6x 5y + 14) + 5y (6x 5y + 14)
56 (6x 5y + 14) = 0
30
36x2 30xy + 84x + 30xy 25y2 + 70y
336x + 280y 784 = 0
36x2 25y2 252x + 350y 784 = 0
3
m
4
=
3
3
1+ m
4m + 3
3 = 4 3m
Q-4) Show that the joint equation of a pair of

lines through the origin and each making
an angle of with x + y = 0 is
x2 + 2sec 2axy + y2 = 0
Ans. Let OA and OB be the required lines.

Let m be the slope of OA or OB.
Its equation is y = mx
... (i)
it makes an angle with the line x + y = 0
whose slope is 1.
tan =
Since, required lines pass through the origin,

their equations are of the form y = mx i.e.
tan =
3(4 3m)2 = (4m + 3)2

3(16 24m + 9m2) = 16m2 + 24m + 9
48 72m + 27m2 = 16m2 + 24m + 9
... (i)
11m2 96m + 39 = 0
m +1
1+ m ( 1)

2
3=
(m +1)
2
(1 m )
m=
tan2 (1 2m + m2) = m2 + 2m + 1
tan2 2m tan2 + m2 tan2 = m2 + 2m +
1
(tan2 1)m2 2(1 + tan2 ) m +
(tan2 1) = 0
y
y
11 96 + 39 = 0 ... [From (i)]
x
x
11y 2 96y
+ 39 = 0
x
x2
e quati on w hich can be writte n as

39x2 + 96xy 11y2 = 0
1+ tan
m2 + 2
m + 1 = 0
2
1 tan
2
i.e. (9x2 + 48x2) + (24xy + 72xy)

+ (16y2 27y2) = 0
m2 + 2(sec 2) m + 1 = 0
y
y2
+1=
2 + 2(sec 2)
x
x
... [From (i)]
y + 2xy sec 2 + x = 0
x2 + 2xy sec 2 + y2 = 0 is the required
joint equation.
(3x +4y)2 3(4x 3y)2 = 0

form an equilateral triangle.
Ans. Slope of the line 3x + 4y = 5 is m1 =
i.e. (9x2 + 24xy + 16y2)

3(16x2 24xy + 9y2) = 0
i.e. (3x + 4y)2 3(4x 3y)2 = 0
Hence, the line 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 and the lines
AA 2
3
4
Let m be the slope of one of the line making

an angle of 600 with the line 3x + 4y = 5.
Since, the angle between the lines having
slope m and m1 is 600,
i.e. (9x2 + 24xy + 16y2)

(48x2 72xy + 27y2) = 0
(3x + 4y)2 3(4x 3y)2 form an equilateral

triangle.
Q-5) Show that 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 and
m m1
tan 600 = 1+ m.m
1
y
x
11y2 96xy + 39x2 = 0

39x2 96xy + 11y2 = 0 is the required joint.
1+ tan2
m2 2
m + 1 = 0
2
tan 1
( 4m + 3 )
2
( 4 3m )
Q-1) If the slope of one of the lines given by ax2

+ ab2 + 8h3 = 6abh is square of the slope of
the other line, then show that a2b + ab2 +
8h3 = 6abh
Ans. Let m be the slope of one of the lines given by
ax2 + 2hxy + by3 = 0
Slope of the other line = m2
m + m2 =
and m.m2 =
31
Comparing the coefficients of (i) and (ii), we
2h
b
... (i)
get
a
a
i.e. m3 =
... (ii)
b
b
a b 2b 2c
= =
=
and 2a + c = 0
1 2
4
k
a=
(m + m2) = m3 + (m2)3 + 3(m)(m2)(m + m2)

3
a a 2 a 2h
2h
= + 2 +

b b
b b
b
3
a=
1=
8h
a a
6ah
= + 2 2
b b
b3
b
2c
and c = 2a
k
2 ( 2a )
k
4
k
k=4
3
Multiplying both sides by b , we get

3
8h = ab + a b 6abh
a2b + ab2 + 8h3 = 6abh
Q-2) If the lines given by ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0

form an equilateral triangle with the line
lx + my = 1 then show that
(3a + b)(a + b) 4h2 = 0
Ans. Lines ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 form an equilateral
triangle with the line lx + my = 1
Angle between the lines ax2 + 2hxy + by2
= 0 is 600
2 h 2 ab
tan 60 =
a +b
0
3 =
2 h ab
a +b
Q-4) Find the joint equation of bisectors of

angles between the lines represented by
5x2 + 6xy y2 = 0
Ans. Given equation is 5x2 + 6xy y2 = 0
get a = 5, 2h = 6 and b = 1
represented by 5x2 + 6xy y2 = 0.
m1 + m2 = 6 and m1.m2 = 5
...(i)
The separate equations of the lines are
y = m1x and y = m2x, where m1 m2

m1x y = 0 and m2x y = 0
Let (x,y) be any point on one of the bisector
of the angles between the lines.
Distance of P from the line m1x y = 0 is
equal to the distance of P from line
m2x y = 0.
3(a + b)2 = 4(h2 ab)

3(a2 + 2ab + b2) = 4h2 4ab
Y
Angle
bisector
3a2 + 6ab + 3b2 + 4ab = 4h2

3a2 + 10ab + 3b2 = 4h2
P(x,y)
3a2 + 9ab + ab + 3b2 = 4h2

3a (a + 3b) + b(a + 3b) = 4h2
(3a + b)(a + 3b) 4h2 = 0
Q-3) If the line x + 2 = 0 coincides with one of

the lines represented by the Equation
x2 + 2xy + 4y + k = 0 then prove that k = 4
X
Angle bisector
m1 x y
m2 x y
x2 + 2xy + 4y + k = 0
... (i)
One of the lines represented by given
equation is x + 2 = 0.
Let the other line be ax + by + c = 0
The combined equation of the lines is

given by (x + 2) (ax + by + c) = 0
ax2 + bxy + cx + 2ax + 2by + 2c = 0
ax2 + bxy + (2a + c)x + 2by + 2c = 0 ...(ii)
m12 +1
(m1 x y )
m12 +1
m 22 +1
(m 2 x y )
m22 +1
[(m22 + 1)(m1x y)2] = [(m12 + 1)(m2x y)2]
32
[(m22 + 1)(m12x2 2m1xy + y2)
= (m12 + 1)(m22x2 2m2xy + y2)
2
2 2
m1 m2 x 2m1m22xy + m22y2 + m12x2
2m1xy + y2 m12m22x2 2m12m2xy + m12y2

+ m22x2 2m2xy + y2
(m12 m22)x2 + 2m1m2(m1 m2)xy
2(m1 m2)xy (m12 m22)y2 = 0
Dividing throughout by m1 m2, we get,

(m1 + m2)x2 + 2m1m2xy 2xy (m1 m2)y2 = 0
6x2 10xy 2xy 6y2 = 0
6x2 12xy 6y2 = 0
...[By (i)]
x2 2xy y2 = 0 is the required joint

equation.
Q-5) Find the measure of the acute angle

between the lines represented by (a2 3b3)
x2 + 8abxy + (b2 3a2)y2 = 0
(a2 3b3) x2 + 8abxy + (b2 3a2)y2 = 0
Comparing with Ax2 + 2Hxy + By2 = 0, we
get A = a2 3b2, H = 4ab and B = b2 3a2
Now, H2 AB = 16a2b2 (a2 3b2)(b2 3a2)
= 16a2b2 (a2 3b2)(3a2 b2)
= 16a2b2 3a4 10a2b2 + 3b4
= 3(a2 + b2)2
3 (a2 + b2)
H 2 AB =
Also, A + B = (a2 3b2)(b2 3a2)
= 2(a2 + b2)

tan
2 3 a2 + b2
2 H2 AB
=
= 3
A + AB
2 a 2 + b 2
= 600

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GROUP (A) CLASS WORK PROBLEMS

Q -3) Find the joint equation of the lines passing

Q -1) Find the combined equation of the bisector

through the point (1, 2) and perpendicular

of the angles between the co-ordinate axes.

ordinate axes 1 and 2be their inclinations

through the point (1, 2) and perpendicular

L2 bisects 2nd and 4th quadrant

0 respectively. Slopes of the lines x + 2y +

Slopes of the lines L1and L2 are 2 and

respectively. Since the lines L1and L2 pass

Let slopes be m1 and m2

their equations are

their joint equation is

8x 2 + 6xy 4x 4xy 3y2 + 2y + 16x + 12y

8x 2 + 2xy 3y2 + 12x + 14y 8 = 0

Q -2) Find the joint equation of lines which pass

Q -4) Find the combined equation of lines

The slope of line which is to the given

Pair of Straight Lines

Mahesh Tutorials Science

Q -4) Find the joint equation of lines passing

Ans. Slope of the line having inclination is

The combined equation of line is (x + 2y)

their slopes are m1 = tan 600 =

m2 = tan 1200 = tan(1800 600)

GROUP (A) HOME WORK PROBLEMS

the joint equation of these lines is

Q -2) Find the joint equation of lines x + y = 3

Since the lines pass through the origin, their

The joint equation is

Pair of Straight Lines

Mahesh Tutorials Science

equation of the line L2 is x = 3,

Q -9) Find the combined equation of lines

slope of the line L1 and L2 are 2 and

Since the lines L1 and L2 pass through the

origin, their equations are

their combined equation is

Q -8) Find the joint equation of lines passing

Q-10) Find combined equation of lines through

slope of the line L1 is

equation of the line L1 is

Let L2 be the line passes through (3,2) and

slope of the lines L1 and L2 are

Pair of Straight Lines

Mahesh Tutorials Science

The separate equations are

Q-11) Find the joint equation of lines which pass

Q -3) Find the condition that the two lines of

The joint equation is

i) Equation will represent a pair of

GROUP (B) CLASS WORK PROBLEMS

Q -1) Find values of h, if lines given by

Ans. Comparing the equation

greater than or equal to 3 or less than or

Q -2) Find separate equation of the lines

Pair of Straight Lines

Equation represents two coincident