Soil Vegetables

Soil vegetables
growth:
Potato, sweet potato
This lecture
1. Origin + classify
2. Economist data
3. Plants development
4. The tuber structure
5. The dormancy
6. Climate conditions + light effect
7. Verity development
8. Tuber components
9. Soil preparation
10.Irrigation
11.Fertilization
12.Harvest
13.Sorting
14.Processing
The crops origin
Potato genetic classify
Coffee
Tobacco
Pepper
Eggplant
Potato
Tomato
Impomoea batatas - convolunlaceae
The great Ireland hunger
phytophthora infestans
Growth stages
Sprout development Tuber initiation maturation
Vegetative growth Tuber bulking

The stem tuber structure
Full tuber is recommend for planting
The problem of tubers importing
Importing plants diseases

The plant
The plant stages
1
2
3
The tuber structure
The main problem with unsexual reproduction - virus
Tissue culture
The dormancy
Eating Seedling
Dormancy Induction
Dr. Dani Eshel, a researcher at Volcani Center, found that mint essential oil can
induce or inhibit potato sprouting (or in lay terms "potato eyes")
Dormancy breaking
1. Post harvest time: import spring tubers to Israel

2. Ethylene chlorohydrin
3. Gibberellin acid dipping
4. Sustain the tubers in co2 and in 22-25 C
Environment effects
Environment effects
1. No day length effect
2. High temperature encourage vegetative and

reproductive growth – 30C / 20C
Natural verity
Variety development
Variety development
Potato composition
Soil preparation
Cereals: 2 year Legumes: 1 year Potato: 3 year

Why cereals before?
• Weeds field cleaning

• Disease field cleaning
• Save water (unirrigated crop)
Potato ridging
• Reduce insects damage

• Avoid the tuber to become green
• Improve the drainage
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-vtaYOfzA4
Irrigation
OR
Growth stage Water coefficient

Emerging 0.6
Full row cover 0.8
Full field cover 0.9-1.0
3 weeks to harvest 0.7
harvest 0.6
Why drip irrigation to Sweet potato?
• To save water
• For high EC (salinity) water
• Organic farming (weeds)
Fertilization - potato
Nitrogen (N) deficiency
Pale leaves, reduce tuber yield
Excess: vegetative growth, late harvest, biotic diseases.

Phosphorus (P) deficiency
Fewer and small tubers, stunted plants, yellow old leaves
Potassium (K) deficiency
Leaf senescence, necrosis of leaf margins, retards nitrogen uptake, reduce yield
Calcium (Ca) deficiency Magnesium (Mg)
deficiency
“Hollow heart” “Black heart”
Water and nutrients problems Oxygen shortage problem

Different potassic (K) fertilizers effect
Fertilization requirements
Fertilization requirements -
sweet potato
• Nitrogen (N) – 150 kg / hectare – from 3
weeks after planting. Have to be applied by
steps.
• Phosphorus (P) – 30 PPM in “Olsen” check.

If less, to fill 1 ppm, apply 15 kg / hectare.
• Potassium (K2O) – 150 kg / hectare.

Nitrogen (N) deficiency
• Slow establishment, small and pale plants (yellow color)
• Excess fertilize will Encourage vegetative growth instead of

root tubers
Phosphorus (P) deficiency
• older leaves turn yellow while younger leaves remain green

• The leaves can get red-purple color (like exposure to cold conditions)
Potassium (K) deficiency
• Leaves edge appear will be yellow-brown color, in serious deficiency

even narcosis spots can appear
Magnesium (Mg)
Calcium (Ca) deficiency
deficiency
The veins will remain green

Will appear in younger leaves while the leaves will be yellow
http://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/sweetpotato/key/Sweetpotato%20Dia
gnotes/Media/Html/TheProblems/nutrient%20disorders.htm
Harvesting
Foliage burning (herbicides) use to strengthen potato skin
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1UjcisdfqKg
Harvesting
Cold temperature + wet soil conditions will cause to tubers rotting in

the field
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IZVYHtW4d2s
Sorting
Types (gram):
A – 60+
B – 40-60
C – 40-
Types A + B –
local market
+ export
Type C for
industry
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LhzL6Fg_ZkU
Sorting
The sorting is been done according to the tubers size
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xNxrHw44JXU
Processing
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REqhl-s97LE
Curing treatment
28C-30C + 95% relative humidity + 4-5 days

Thanks ! ‫תודה‬

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Soil vegetables

Sprout development Tuber initiation maturation

Vegetative growth Tuber bulking

Importing plants diseases

1. Post harvest time: import spring tubers to Israel

1. No day length effect

2. High temperature encourage vegetative and

Cereals: 2 year Legumes: 1 year Potato: 3 year

• Weeds field cleaning

• Reduce insects damage

Growth stage Water coefficient

Excess: vegetative growth, late harvest, biotic diseases.

Water and nutrients problems Oxygen shortage problem

• Phosphorus (P) – 30 PPM in “Olsen” check.

• Potassium (K2O) – 150 kg / hectare.

• Slow establishment, small and pale plants (yellow color)

• Excess fertilize will Encourage vegetative growth instead of

• older leaves turn yellow while younger leaves remain green

• Leaves edge appear will be yellow-brown color, in serious deficiency

The veins will remain green

Cold temperature + wet soil conditions will cause to tubers rotting in

The sorting is been done according to the tubers size

28C-30C + 95% relative humidity + 4-5 days

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