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questions and answers on composite materials and structures

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 AE 1402 Composite Materials and structures

2 Marks Question and Answers

1 what is mean by composites?

It is fiber reinforced composite materials which consists of fibers of high strength and
modulus embedded in or bonded to a matrix with distinct Interfaces between them.

2. TYPES OF GLASS FIBER.

• E-Glass – E stands for electrical

• S-Glass – S stands for high silica content

» High thermal expansion coefficient,

» High fatigue strength

• C-Glass – C stands for Corrosion

» Used in Chemical applications

» Storage tanks

• R-Glass – R stands for Rigid

» Structural applications

• D-Glass – D stands for Dielectric

» Low dielectric constants

• A-Glass – A Stands for appearance

» To improve surface appearance

» For ornamental works

• E-CR Glass – E-CR stands for Electrical and corrosion resistance

• AR Glass – AR stands for Alkali resistance

3. POLYMERIC MATRIX.

Epoxy, Polyester, Phenolic, Acrylic, Urethane, Polyamide

4. Properties of Composites.

5. Classification and characteristics of composites.

6.Particulate composite.

7.Homogeneous material.

8. Isotropic material.

9. Orthotropic material.

10. Macro mechanics.

11. Micromechanics.
12. Materail utilization factor.

13. Monoclinic materials constants.

14. Anisotropic material constants.

15.Isotropic materail constants.

16. Orthotropic material constants.

17. Transversely isotropic constants.

18. Unidirectional, bidirectional and quasi-isotropic fibers.

19. Anisotropic material

20.Laminate.

21.Matrix.
21. pre-preg.

22. Resin

23.sandwich construction.

24.vacuum bag molding.

25.Features of composites.

26.Adhesive.

27.Cross ply.
28.Lamina.

29.Porosity.

30. Shelf life.

31.Effect of Void content

32. Volume fraction of voids.

33. Graph between stress and strain.

34. Single layered continuous.

.
35. Major constituents of composite materials.

Fiber, Matrix, Fillers, Coupling agents, Coatings.

36. Fiber.

37.Matrix

38.Coupling agents and coatings

39.Single layered discontinuous.

40. Multilayered composites.

41. Application of composites.

42.Fiber orientation.
 43. Carbon fiber.

44.Boron fiber

45. Polyester properties.

Low cost, Translucent in nature, Operating temperature should be < 70 degree, Brittleness

High shrinkage rate

46. Phenolic properties.

Low cost, High mechanical strength, High void content

47. Epoxy properties.

High mechanical strength, Good adhesive nature, Low viscosity, Low volatility, Low shrinkage rate,
High cost
48. Types of honeycomb.

1. paper honeycomb, Aluminium honeycomb, carbon fiber honeycomb, Armid paper honey
comb, .Kevlar honeycomb, .Kevlar paper honeycomb.

49.Prepreg Manufacturing process

50. Failure in Sandwich structure.

Facing failure, Transverse shear failure, Local crushing failure

51. Roll – forming process.

52. What are the factors consider while designing sandwich structures.

Sandwich is a composite structure.

Material used may be anisotropic

Core has sufficient shear

53. Different types core materials used in sandwich constructions.

Wood, Foam, PVC foam, Polystyrene foam, Polyurethane foams.

54. Advantages of sandwich construction.

Smooth exterior, Absence of potential leaks, High load carrying capacity,

It acts as a thermal and acoustic insulator.

55. Face material used in sandwich constructions.

Unidirectional fiber, Graphite prepreg, Aluminium alloy, Stainless steel, Refractory metal.

56. Different ways in sandwich fabrication.

One step cure, Two step cure, Three step cure

57. Stress strain behaviors of various materials.

58. Important characteristics of Tsai-wu failure criteria.

59. Characteristics of composite laminate.

Specific gravity, Tensile strength, Compressive strength, Cost.

60. Flake composite.

It consist of flat reinforced of matrix typical flake material are glass, aluminum, and silver.

61. What are the drawbacks of polymer matrix composite?

PMC include low operating temperature high co-efficient of thermal and moisture expansion
and low elastic properties in certain direction.

62. What are various types of polymers used in the advanced polymer composites?

These polymers include epoxy, phenolic, acrylic, urethane, and polyamide.

63. Apllication of composit in transportation.

 MMCs are finding use now in automotive engines which are lighter than their metal counter
parts also MMC are the material of choice for gas turbine engines for their high strength and
low weight.

64. What is application of ceramic matrix?

CMS are finding increase application in high temperature areas where MMC and PMC can
not be used this is not to say that CMC are not attractive otherwise especially if you look at
their high strength and modules and low density.

65. What are carbon carbon composites?

It is used carbon fibers in a carbon matrix .It is used in very high temperature
environments of up to 60000F and are 20 times stronger and 30% lighter than graphite fibers.

66. What are applications of carbon carbon composites?

Space shuttle nose cones, aircraft Srakes, mechanical fasteners.

67. What type’s process used for recycling of composites?

Chemical and mechanical process.

68. Why recycling is complex.

There are many variables in material types: thermoset Vs thermoplastic, long Vs short
fiber, Glass Vs carbon.

69. What are various steps in mechanical recycling of short fiber reinforced composites?

These are shredding separation washing grinding, drying, and extrusion.

70. Which chemical process shows most promise?

Incineration offer most promise. It advantages include minimum cost, high volume
reduction and no residual material. it is also feasible for low scrap volume.

71. What is Hybrid laminate?

Hybrid composite contain either more than one fiber are one matrix system in laminate.

72. What are types of hybrid laminate?

Interply hybrid laminate, intraply hybrid laminate, interply – intraply, resin hybrid laminate.

73. What is a non homogeneous body?

 A non homogeneous body has material properties which are a function of the position on the
body.

74. What are four elastic moduli of a unidirectional lamina?

Longitudinal young’s modulus, Transverse young’s modulus, Major Poisson ratio

In plane shear modulus

75. Failure of unidirectional ply under longitudinal tensile load.

Brittle fracture of fibers, Brittle fracture of fibers with pull out , Fiber pull out with fiber
matrix debonding.

76. Total volume of composite.

77.Actual volume of composites

78.theriotical volume of composite

79. Weight of composites.

80.volume of composites.

81.Classification of adhesives

Physical form - liquid adhesive, film adhesive

Chemical form – epoxy adhesive , polyamide

82. Advantages of bonded structures.

Improved fatigue, Crack arresting, Weight saving

83. Shelf life.

Shelf life of adhesive means the time from he date manufacture to the termination of life of
adhesive due to its deterioration by ageing process.

84. what are adhesives.-Phenolic resin – vinyl phenplic, nitrile, epoxy phenolic.

Epoxy resin – epoxy polyamide.

85. What are adhesive bonded joints?- Lap joint, Butt joint , Angle joint, Corner joint

86. Continuous process.- Pultrusion, Braiding

87. Open mould process.

Spray layup, Hand layup, Filament winding, Sheet molding compound, Contact molding.

88. Close mould process.

Compression molding, Vacuum bag, Pressure bag , Autoclave ,Injection molding

Resin transfer

89. Advantages of open mould process.

Freedom to design, Easy to change design, Low mould and tooling cost,

Tailored properties possible

90. Disadvantages of open mould process.

Low to medium number of parts, Long cycles times per molding, Operator skill depended

91. Advantages of spray lay-up.

Widely used for many years, Low cost way of quickly depositing Fiber and resin,

Low cost tooling.

92. Plastic foams.

The expanded plastic foams made of PVC, polystyrene, phenolic resin, rubber

Are used as light weight cores.

93. Thermoplastics.
 Thermoplastics don’t undergo a chemical reaction on application of heat. Thermoplastics can
be softened and they undergo large and rapid change in viscosity with variation in
temperature.

94. Specific flexural rigidity.

It is the ratio between flexural rigidity and weight.

95. Disadvantages of filament winding.

Difficulty to winding complex shapes, Poor external finish, limited to convex shape
component.

96. Theory of fiber strengthening.

Ec = EfVf+EmVm

97 Open mould process.

Spray layup, Hand layup, Filament winding, Sheet molding compound, Contact molding

98. Continuous process.

Pultrusion, Braiding

99. What are adhesive bonded joints?

Lap joint, Butt joint , Angle joint, Corner joint

100. What are types of hybrid laminate?

Interply hybrid laminate, intraply hybrid laminate, interply – intraply, resin hybrid laminate.

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