Praktis Biologi Bab 8 T5?

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  Biologi  Tingkatan 5  Bab 8 Biodiversiti

Kesan Patogen terhadap Kesihatan Manusia


The Effects of Pathogens on Human Health TP 2

1. Mikroorganisma patogen boleh memasuki badan melalui makanan , habuk, titisan air atau luka .
Pathogenic microorganism can enter the body through food , dust, water droplets or wounds .

2. Untuk menyebabkan penyakit, patogen harus melekat pada jenis sel tertentu, membiak dan menghasilkan
toksin .
To cause disease, a pathogen must adhere to a specific cell type, multiply and produce toxins .

Jenis patogen: Virus Jenis patogen: Bakteria


Types of pathogens: Viruses Types of pathogens: Bacteria

Typhoid
Kanser serviks Keracunan makanan
Cervical cancer Food poisoning

Human papilloma virus (HPV) Salmonella sp.

Jenis patogen: Protozoa Jenis patogen: Kulat


Types of pathogens: Protozoa Types of pathogens: Fungi

Kurap
Malaria
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Ringworm
Malaria

Plasmodium sp.
BAB

Trichophyton sp.

PRAKTIS SPM 8
Soalan Objektif C Alam, Filum, Kelas, Famili, Order, Genus,
Spesies
1. Apakah urutan kumpulan takson yang betul Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Family, Order, Genus,
dalam pengelasan organisma hidup kepada enam Species
alam? D Alam, Filum, Kelas, Order, Genus, Spesies
What is the correct sequence of taxonomic groups in the Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Genus, Species
six-kingdom classification of living organisms?
A Alam, Filum, Kelas, Order, Famili, Genus, 2. Suatu organisma mempunyai dinding sel berkitin,
Spesies tiada klorofil, glikogen sebagai karbohidrat
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, simpanan dan membiak secara pembentukan
Species spora tanpa flagela. Apakah alam organisma itu?
B Alam, Domain, Kelas, Order, Famili, Genus, An organism has cell walls of chitin, no chlorophyll,
stores carbohydrate as glycogen and reproduces by
Spesies
means of spores without flagella. What is the kingdom?
Kingdom, Domain, Class, Order, Family, Genus,
KBAT Mengaplikasi
Species

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Biologi  Tingkatan 5  Bab 8 Biodiversiti 

A Protista C Fungi Apakah genus haiwan ini?


B Plantae D Prokaryote Which genus does it belong to?
A Rattus rattus
3. Antara pernyataan yang berikut, manakah paling B Rattus
tepat mengenai sel kulat dan sel bakteria? C rattus
KBAT Menilai
Which of the following statements about fungal and 7. Mikroorganisma berikut terlibat dalam
bacterial cells is most accurate? pembentukan nitrat di ekosistem.
A Sel kulat atau sel bakteria tidak mempunyai The following microorganisms are involved in nitrate
dinding sel. formation in ecosystems.
Neither fungal cells nor bacterial cells have cell W Cyanobacteria
walls. X Nitrosomonas
B Sel kulat mempunyai dinding sel tetapi sel Y Nitrobacter
Z Rhizobium
bakteria tidak.
Fungal cells have cell walls but bacterial cells do Baris yang manakah padanan mikroorganisma
not. dan peranannya adalah betul?
C Sel kulat tidak mempunyai dinding sel tetapi Which line matches correctly the microorganisms and
sel bakteria ada. their roles?
Fungal cells do not have cell walls but bacterial
cells do. Pengikatan
Penitritan
D Kedua-dua sel kulat dan bakteria mempunyai nitrogen Nitrification
dinding sel. Nitrogen fixation
Both fungal and bacterial cells have cell walls. A W dan Y/ W and Y X dan Z/ X and Z
4. Carica papaya ialah nama saintifik untuk buah B X dan Y/ X and Y W dan Z/ W and Z
betik dalam sistem Binomial Linnaeus. Apakah C X dan Z/ X and Z W dan Y/ W and Y
aras hierarki yang diwakili oleh papaya?
Carica papaya is the scientific name for papaya in D W dan Z/ W and Z X dan Y/ X and Y
Linnaeus Binomial System. Which hierarchial level does
papaya refer to? 8. Rajah 2 menunjukkan pertukaran beberapa bahan

8
A Kelas/ Class bernitrogen di alam semula jadi.
B Order/ Order Diagram 2 shows the conversion of some nitrogen-
containing substances in nature.
C Genus/ Genus
D Spesies/ Species

BAB
Nitrogen di atmosfera
5. Apakah cara yang betul untuk menulis nama Z W
Nitrogen in atmosphere
saintifik bagi manusia?
What is the correct way to write the scientific name for
a human being? Sebatian ammonium
A homo sapiens dalam tanah Nitrat di dalam tanah
B Homo sapiens Ammonium compounds Nirates in soil
C homo Sapiens in soil

6. Rajah 1 menunjukkan seekor haiwan dengan


nama saintifik Rattus rattus. Protein organisma X
Diagram 1 shows an animal whose scientific name is Y
Protein in organisms
Rattus rattus.
Rajah 2/ Diagram 2

Antara proses yang berikut, yang manakah tidak


memerlukan tindakan bakteria?
Which of the following processes does not require the
action of bacteria?
A W C Y
Rajah 1/ Diagram 1 B X D Z

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  Biologi  Tingkatan 5  Bab 8 Biodiversiti

Soalan Struktur

Bahagian A

1. (a) Rajah 1 menunjukkan seekor kucing. Kucing domestik (Felis catus) merupakan spesies mamalia kecil,
berkaitan dengan singa, harimau, jaguar dan harimau bintang dan termasuk dalam kumpulan takson
Felidae. Semua Felidae tergolong dalam kumpulan mamalia, iaitu Carnivora.
Diagram 1 shows a cat. The cat (Felis catus), which is a domestic species of small mammal, is related to lion, tiger, jaguar
and leopard and is included in a taxonomic group called the Felidae. All Felidae belong to a group of mammals called
the Carnivora.

Rajah 1/ Diagram 1
Dengan menggunakan maklumat ini, lengkapkan jadual berikut mengenai taksonomi kucing domestik.
Using this information, complete the following table concerning the taxonomy of the domestic cat.

Alam/ Kingdom Animalia


Chordata
Kelas/ Class Mammalia
8

Order/ Order Carnivora


Famili/ Family Felidae
Genus/ Genus Felis
BAB

Spesies/ Species catus


[3 markah/ marks]

(b Saintis memberikan nama saintifik yang mengandungi dua perkataan pada setiap spesies. Bincangkan
mengapa.
Scientists give each species a scientific name containing two words. Discuss why. [2 markah/ marks]
• Nama pertama menunjukkan genus organisma itu.
A first name which shows the genus to which the organism belongs
• Nama kedua khas menunjukkan spesies
A specific name shows the species.

(c) Apakah maksud spesies?


What is meant by a speies? [1 markah/ mark]
Individu spesies yang sama mempunyai morfologi, anatomi, fisiologi dan kelakuan yang serupa dan dapat
saling membiak untuk menghasilkan anak yang subur.
Individuals of the same species have similar morphology, anatomy, physiology and similar behaviour, and can interbreed
to produce fertile offspring.

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Biologi  Tingkatan 5  Bab 8 Biodiversiti 

(d) Terangkan bagaimana jujukan DNA dapat digunakan sebagai alat dalam taksonomi.
Explain how DNA sequencing can be used as a tool in taxonomy. [2 markah/ marks]
• Dapat menunjukkan perkaitan rapat antara organisma
Can indicate how closely related organisms are
• Makluman tentang hubungan evolusi
Information of evolutionary relationships
• Dapat menyokong pengelasan terdahulu
Can support previous classification

Soalan Esei

Bahagian B

2. Rajah 1.1 dan Rajah 1.2 menujukkan dua jenis mikroorganisma.


Figure 1.1 and Figure 1.2 shows two types of microorganisms

RNA
RNA

Kapsid
Capsid

Mikroorganisma P Mikroorganisma Q
Microorganism P Microorganism Q

8
Rajah 1.1/ Diagram 1.1 Rajah 1.2/ Diagram 1.2
(a) (i) Mengapakah mikroorganisma P sukar dikelaskan?
Explain why microorganism P difficult to classify? [3 markah/ marks]

BAB
(ii) Pengelasan digunakan untuk mengenal pasti organisma. Berikan tiga sebab lain mengapa pengelasan
diperlukan.
Classification is used to identify organisms. Give three other reasons why classification is needed.
[3 markah/ marks]

(b) Terangkan bagaimana mikroorganisma Q memperoleh tenaga untuk terus hidup.


Explain how microorganism Q obtains energy to survive. [4 markah/ marks]

(c) Industri makanan dan pertanian banyak bergantung kepada bakteria. Bincangkan bagaimana bakteria
boleh menyumbang kepada ekonomi negara? KBAT Mengaplikasi
Food and agriculture industry mostly depend on bacteria. Discuss how bacteria can help to improve the economy?
[10 markah/ marks]

Quiz 8

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