College of Education

DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN HEALTH 8

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1) develop understanding about the different types of pathogens;
2) identify the different types of pathogens and
3) appreciate the importance of knowing the different types of pathogens through
active participation during class activities.

II. SUBJECT MATTER: TYPES OF PATHOGENS

a. References: Physical Education and Health 8 Learner’s Module, authored
by, Benavinte Renato P., Domingo Francis A. et al.,pages 101-116,
published and distributed by Department of Education
b. Materials:
 PowerPoint Presentation
 Television

III. PROCEDURES
A. Daily Routine
a) Cleaning the classroom
b) Opening Prayer
c) Checking of Attendance

B. Motivation (Fill Me)

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY

Good Morning Class! Good morning Ma’am Reybe.
How was your day? We’re good Ma’am
Well that’s good to hear.
Who among you here are now excited to All of us Ma’am.
learn new lesson for today? That’s great.
Before we proceed to our lesson, let us have Yes Ma’am.
first this short game. This game is called
FILL ME!
Instructions:I have here a jumbled letters.
All you have to do is to guess the missing
letters and write the exact word.
Are the instructions clear class? Yes Ma’am.

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“FILL ME”

P_AT H_G_NS

B_C_ _RI _

F_N_I

V_R_S_S
Based on our activity what do you think our Different types of Pathogens Ma’am!
lesson for today?Very Good. Our lesson for
today is about Pathogens.

C. Presentation (Discussion)

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY

Many of the most common diseases are
caused by tiny microorganisms called
pathogens.
Pathogens is, Kindly read Angelo. PATHOGENS
 Pathogens infect or invade the body
and attack its cells and tissues. Some
bacteria, rickettsiae, fungi, protozoa,
certain types of worms, and all viruses
are pathogens. Diseases caused by the
direct or indirect spread of pathogens
from one person to another are called
communicable diseases.
Do you have any idea of what are the Yes Ma’am!
different types of pathogens?
The different types of Pathogens are, who TYPES OF PATHOGENS
can read?  Bacteria
Yes, Mikaela  Rickettsiae
 Viruses
 Fungi
 Protozoa
 Parasitic worms
Kindly read the first one, Prax. BACTERIA
 Bacteria are one-celled microscopic or-
ganisms that rank among the most wide-
spread of living things. Some are small
that a single grain of soil may contain
over 100 million of them. Most bacteria
do not cause diseases. In order to live, all
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Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
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bacteria must have a food supply, as well
as suitable temperature, moisture, and
darkness.
 Some bacteria digest non-living food
materials such as milk and meat. These
organisms are called saprophytes. If the
food supply is a living plant or animal,
the microorganism is called a parasite.
The plant or animal that the parasite
feeds on is called a host.
There are good and bad bacteria live in our Yes, Ma’am.
body. Do you agree class?
Please read the toxin bacteria, Ella. TOXIN BACTERIA

Toxin bacteria produce a certain food

poison called botulism. These bacteria live
in the soil. Once they enter the body through
a wound, they can cause tetanus or lockjaw.
Other bacteria cause pneumonia.

Next is the resident bacteria. Who can read? RESIDENT BACTERIA

Yes, Caleb?
Resident bacteria live in the human mouth,
intestines, and skin. These help protect us
from harmful bacteria. Lactobacilli, found in
the gastro-intestinal tract, produce lactic acid
from simple carbohydrates. Coliform bacilli,
found in the intestines, help break down
carbohydrates and combat disease-causing
bacteria. Resident bacteria cause infections
when they move from their original resident
to another.
The next type of Pathogens is the RICKETTSIAE
Rickettsiae.
 Rickettsiae are organisms that are
considered intermediate, that is,
somewhere between a virus and a
bacterium. Most of them grow in the
intestinal tracts of insects, which carry
them to their human hosts.
 Rickettsiae requires living cells in order
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to grow and multiply. Blood sucking
insects, such as lice, mites, and ticks
carry rickettsiae to humans. Typhus
fever, a rocky mountain spotted fever, is
a disease caused by these organisms.

The next one is the viruses please read, VIRUSES

Louie.  Viruses are small, simple life-like forms
from one-half to 100 the size of a
bacteria. These organisms are the human
body's worst enemies. All viruses are
parasites. There are viruses that invade
animals and viruses that attack specific
types of cells.
 Examples are rabies virus that enters the
brain cells and polio virus which attacks
the nervous system. Cold virus enters
the respiratory system. Viral hepatitis is
caused by virus that affects the liver.
Mumps and mononucleosis are caused
by viruses that infect glandular tissues.
Smallpox, chicken pox, shingles, and
warts are infections caused by viruses that
attack the skin tissues. When a virus enters
the body, it attaches itself to a cell and
releases its nucleic acid into the host cell.

Understood class? Yes, Ma’am.

How about the fungi, who can read? Yes, FUNGI
Zenon.  Fungi are simple organisms that cannot
make their own food. Many live on dead
animals, insects, and leaves. Fungi are
therefore saprophytes. They prefer dark,
damp environments.
 Two of the most common fungi are yeast
and mushrooms. Disease-producing
fungi invade mainly deep tissues of the
hair, nails, and skin. Fungi cause
infections of the scalp, such as ring
worm, and of the feet, such as athlete's
foot. Pathogenic fungi can also cause
brain inflammation and serious lung
infections.
The last one is the Protozoa. Please read Ian. PROTOZOA

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 Protozoa are single-celled organisms that
are larger than bacteria and have a more
complex cellular structure. Most of these
are harmless and they are most common
in tropical areas that have poor
sanitation. They cause malaria, African
sleeping sickness, and amoebic
dysentery, a severe intestinal infection.

PARASITIC WORM

 A worm is classified as a parasite. A

parasite is a disease-causing organism
that lives in humans or other animals and
derives its nourishment from its host.
Lice are examples of parasites that live
on humans, bacteria and viruses are
examples of parasites that live either in
humans or in animals, parasitic worms
(also called helminths) live in humans.

 Roundworms
 Hatch and live in the intestines. The
eggs usually enter the body through
contaminated water, food, fingers
placed in the mouth, and hands that
have touched a contaminated object.

The next one, please read Rica.  Pinworms

 Pinworms (also called seatworms
and threadworms) Pinworms hatch
and live primarily in the intestines.
The eggs usually enter the body
through the anus, nose, or mouth
through inhaled air or fingers that
have touched a contaminated object.

 This worm lives in the intestines and

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causes a serious illness known as
trichinosis. The eggs usually enter
the body via raw or undercooked
pork, sausage, or bear meat in the
intestines, the eggs hatch, mature,
and migrate to other parts of the
body through the bloodstream and
the lymphatic system. Early
symptoms include vomiting.
diarrhea, and abdominal cramps.
 Tapeworms
 Live in the intestines. The eggs
usually enter the body via raw or
uncooked beef. Symptoms of their
presence are usually
absent.However, some patients
experience abdominal pain, fatigue,
weight loss, and diarrhea. Treatment
with medication results in a cure
within days.

 Flukes
 Flukes live in different locations in
the body, including the intestines,
bladder, rectum, liver, spleen, lungs,
and veins. Flukes first mature inside
freshwater snails. After leaving the
snails, they can enter the body of
humans by penetrating the skin of
persons swimming, bathing, or
washing in water where flukes are
active.
 Infected persons can re-contaminate
the water by urinating or defecating
in it. Most infected persons
experience no symptoms. However,
some infected persons may have
rashes, experience itching, muscle
aches, coughing, chills, and fever.
Flukes pass out of the body, but
persons can become infected again
and again.
 Fluke-caused illnesses are classified
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as schistosomiasis (also called
bilharziasis) and are mainly confined
to Africa, parts of South America,
Caribbean, and parts of the Middle
East, China, and the Philippines.
Those are the different types of pathogens. None Ma’am.
Any questions class?

D. Application (Group Activity)

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY

Do you have any questions class about our None Ma’am..
lesson for today? Clarifications? Let us have
this group activity.
Instructions:I will divide you into two
groups. You need a representative in every
number. All you need to do is to identify the
different pictures.
Are the instructions clear class? Are you Yes Ma’am.
ready?
1. Answer: Fungi

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Answer: Rickettsiae
2.

Answer: Protozoa
3.

4. Answer: Viruses

5. Answer: Parasitic Worm

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Very Good class. Based on our activity and I think Ma’am the importance of knowing
discussion what do you think is the the different types of Pathogens is for us to
importance of knowing the different types distinguish on where they belong, on how
of Pathogens? Yes Azulah? they produce and spread. Also, through this,
we can be able to know the prevention of
these pathogens.

E. Generalization

Pathogens infect or invade the body and attack its cells and tissues. Some bacteria, rick-
ettsiae, fungi, protozoa, certain types of worms, and all viruses are pathogens. It is impor-
tant for us to know the different types of Pathogens for us to further understands what
pathogens is and how we prevent diseases.

IV. Evaluation
TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY
IDENTIFICATION:
Directions:
Get ¼ sheet of paper nad answer the following questions. Identify the correct answer.
1. Small, simple life-like forms from one- Answer: Viruses
half to 100 the size of a bacteria. These
organisms are the human body's worst
enemies.
2. Infect or invade the body and attack its Answer: Pathogens
cells and tissues.

3.Organisms that are considered Answer: Rickettsiae

intermediate, that is, somewhere between a
virus and a bacterium.
4. Are one-celled microscopic organisms Answer: Bacteria
that rank among the most widespread of
living things.
5. Classified as a parasite such as Answer:
roundworms tapeworms and etc.
Are you done class? Exchange paper to your Yes Ma’am.
seatmates and write corrected by.

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Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
 College of Education
Who can read and answer number 1?Yes Viruses Ma’am.
Irish? Very Good. Number 2, 3,4, and 5?
God job class for a job well done. Thank you Ma’am
It seems that you are really paying attention
to our discussion.
Do you have any questions about today’s None Ma’am.
discussion?
Clarifications?

V. ASSIGNMENT
Directions:
Research about the preventions of the different parasitic worms. Write it on your as-
signment notebook.

Prepared by:

REYBE E. PINALBE BPED 4A

Student Teacher

Checked and Rated by:

GINNUD B. BARTOLO TEACHER III(MAPEH)

Cooperating Teacher

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Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)
 College of Education

Accredited: Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the Philippines (AACCUP)
Member: Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC)
Agricultural Colleges Association of the Philippines (ACAP)