TITLE PAGE

TECHNICAL REPORT
ON
STUDENTS INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME
(SIWES)
SUBMITTED BY
UWAH GODSTIME JOSEPH
REG NO: FPI/ND/CE/13/777
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING STUDIES
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING,
FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC,
P.M.B 1037 IDAH, KOGI STATE.

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR

THE AWARD OF NATIONAL DIPLOMA (ND) PROGRAMME
IN CIVIL ENGINEERING,
FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC, IDAH KOGI STATE.
JULY,2014/ 2015
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 TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER PAGE................................................................................i
Table of content............................................................................ii -v
CERTIFICATION ...........................................................................vi
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..............................................................viii
DEDICATION .................................................................................vx
PREFACE ..........................................................................................x

CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION...........................................................(1)
1.1 PROFILE OF ITF............................................................(1)
1.2 ROLE OF ITF SIWES.....................................................(2)
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF SIWES..................................................(2)

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CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Site Plan................................................................ 3
2.1 Nature of Site ........................................................ 3
2.2 Wind direction........................................................ 3
2.3 Climate ................................................................... 3
2.4 Site Topography...................................................... 3
2.5 Accessibility............................................................ 3
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Building team .......................................................... 4
3.1 Client........................................................................ 4
3.2 Architect .................................................................. 4
3.3 Builders.................................................................... 4
3.4 Civil engineer .......................................................... 4
3.5 Quantity Surveyor..................................................... 4
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Concrete ................................................................... 5
4.1 Types of Concrete.................................................... 5
4.2 Function ................................................................... 5
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CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Drainage System .................................................... 6
5.1 Types of System...................................................... 6
5.2 Drainage Pipe ......................................................... 6

CHAPTER SIX
6.0 Stair Case...................................................................7
6.1 Type of Staircase .......................................................7
6.2 Part of Staircase..........................................................8
6.3 Function of Staircase...................................................8
CHAPTER SEVEN
7.0 Specification............................................................... 9
7.1 Architecture Specification...........................................9
7.2 Civil Engineer Specification.........................................9
7.3 Quantity Surveyor Specification...................................9
7.4 Electrical Specification.................................................9
CHAPTER EIGHT
8.0 Scaffolding...................................................................10
8.1 Types of scaffolding....................................................10

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8.2 Quantity of scaffolding..............................................10
8.3 Uses of Scaffolding...................................................10
CHAPTER NINE
9.0 Contract.....................................................................11
9.1 Types of scaffolding..................................................11
9.2 Reasons for revocation of contract............................11
CHAPTER TEN
10.0 Building maintenance..............................................12
10.1 Types of building maintenance................................12
10.2 Types of defect in building......................................12
10.3 Correction................................................................12
10.4 Building Climatology..............................................12
CHAPTER ELEVEN
11.0 Problem encountered...............................................13
11.1 Recommendation.....................................................14
11.2 Conclusion...............................................................14

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 CERTIFICATION
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THIS SIWES REPORT WAS CARRIED OUT
BY UWAH GODSTIME JOSEPH WITH REGISTRATION NUMBER
FPI/ND/CE/13/777 AT DEPARTMENT OF WORKS AND BUILDING
SECTION OFFICE UGWOLAWO, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR
AWARD OF NATIONAL DIPLOMA
IN
IN CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY, THE FEDERAL
POLYTECHNIC, IDAH
KOGI STATE. 2014/2015 ACADEMIC SESSION

HEAD OF DEPT SIGN. DATE

SIWES SUPERVISOR SIGN. DATE

SIWES CO-ORDINATOR SIGN. DATE

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 ABSTRACT
THE STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME
(SIWES) IS A VITAL PART OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR
NATIONAL DIPLOMA PROGRAMME.
A LOT OF THINGS WERE LEARNT IN REGARD TO THE
PROFESSION WHICH DEVELOPED MY INTELLECT
COCERNING ALL THE PRIMARY KNOWLEDGE AND SKILL
ACQUIRED AT SCHOOL PRIOR TO THIS EXERCISE .
IN VIEW OF THIS, IT IS IMPORTANT FOR ALL STUDENT TO
BE INVOLVED IN THE PROGRAMME TO ENABLE THEM TO
PRACTICALISE WHAT THEY HAVE STUDIED IN THEORY
AND ALSO TO EXPERIENCE AND KNOW THE NATURE OF
THEIR WORK IN THE OFFICE AFTER GRADUATION. THIS
TECHNICAL REPORT CONTAIN ALL I HAVE ACQUIRED
DURING MY FOUR (4) MONTHS STUDENT INDUSTRIAL
WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES).

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This is another great opportunity for me to bless the name of God for
his miraculous work in my life, I would never take that for granted
and also to my lovely parents Mr. and Mrs. Uwah Joseph and Fati
Joseph for their tireless effort, may almighty God bless you Dad and
Mum, and I also appreciate my pastor Elisha C.T Ayagwa also my
lecturers especially My H.O.D. Engr.J.M Ahon and Mr Okoli for an
opportunity given me to be a student of Civil Engineering
Technology I never take that for granted and my thanks also goes to
my industry based supervisor architect George A. Etubi My School
Supervisor and I also extend this gratitude to my lovely friends for
their encouragement .
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DEDICATION
 I DEDICATE THIS TECHNICAL REPORT TO ALMIGHTY
GOD THE ONE WHO MAKE WAY WHERE THERE IS NO
WAY, HE WHO IS AN IMPOSSIBILITIES SPECIALIST
THANK FOR ENABLE ME TO CARRIED OUT THIS SIWES
PROGRAMME SUCCESSFULLY WITHOUT ANY TRAFFIC
JAM.
 vx

PREFACE
DURING THE PERIOD OF MY STUDENT INDUSTRIAL
WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES) WITH DEPARTMENT
OF WORKS AND BUILDING SECTION THE FOLLOWING
OPERATION WERE CARRIED OUT WHICH INCLUDE:
SITE INVESTIGATION, BUILDING TEAM, CONCRETE,
DRAINAGE SYSTEM, STAIR CASE, SPECIFICATION,
SCAFFOLDING, CONTRACT, BUILDING MAINTENANCE.

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 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
This program, industrial work experience scheme
(SWIS) was introduced in year 1973 for the purpose of improving the
technical knowledge of science student in all polytechnic and
university, it is jointly co-operated and cared for by the Industrial
Training Fond (ITF) and some other bodies like nation board for
technical education (NBTE) and Nigerian University Commission
(NUC)
1.1 PROFILE OF ITF
The industrial Training Fund Programe is essential in order for
student to acquire practical and technical knowledge in various
professions which is certainly different from theories. The ITF office
are in various state with its head quarter in mango (Jos Plateau State )
1.2 FUNCTION OF KOGI STATE CIVIL ENGINEERING
DEVELOPMENT BOARD:-
The permit of the Kogi state civil engineering and development
board. Structural design,engineering survey,construction of road, the
purpose of the letter is to have a responsible for the project for any
structural failure.
1.3 ROLE OF ITF IN SIWES
1. The ITF give the student allowance through liaison office.
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2. The ITF liaise with the siwes agencies to ensure prompt receive of
replacement list.
2. The ITF co-operate direct and finance the programe
3. The ITF liaise with sister’s to ensure payment of student
allowances.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE SIWES
The siwes is aimed at improved the technical ability of science student
in developing the nation the following are some of the objective
. To inspire and prepare student for work ahead of them after
graduation.
. To expose them to what they might meet in future after school’
. To give student practical orientation relating to course of student
. To enable them practicalise what they have studied in theories
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CHAPTER TWO
SITE PLAN:-Is a scaled drawing which shows the use and
structure proposed for a parcel of land. It also includes
information concerning the landscape feature of a given parcel.
Site plan review process is designed to protect landowner and it is
in their best interest to comply with the procedure.
NATURE OF SITE:- Our mission conserve the land and water
on which all life depend the nature conservancy is working with
you to make lasting difference around the world in more than 35
countries, all 50 States and your back yard.
CLIMATE:-Is the weather condition prevailing in an area in
general or over a long period or is an area long-term weather
patterns.
SITE TOPOGRAPHY:- Variations in the elevation on
sleepless of the land surface give rise to hill, ravines and valleys
that may provide the underlying form of landscape.
ACCESSIBILITY:- Mean access it refer to the ability for every
one regardless of disability of special need, to access, use and
benefit from everything with their environment. It is the degree
to environment is available to as many as possible.

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 CHAPTER THREE
 Building team:- Exercise was a great experience according to
my employees which was of great news to the man whose idea if
was, or your company may need to put in some team building
activities so that your staff can bond together and work for each
other.
 Client: - Is a person or organization using the service of a lawyer
or other professional person or company.
 Architect:-Is a person who designs building and in many cases
also supervises their construction.
 Builder: - Is a person who constructs something by putting part
of material together.
 Civil Engineer:-is an engineer who design and maintain roads,
bridge, dams, and similar structures. And it deals with the built
environment and can be dated to the first time someone placed a
roof over his or her head or laid a tree trunk across a river to
make it easier to jet across.
 Quantity Surveyor:-is a person who calculates the amount of
material needed for building work and how much they will cost.
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CHAPTER FOUR
CONCRETE:- Is a building material made from a mixture of broken
stone or gravel, sand, cement, and water. which can be spread or
poured into mould and form a stone- like mass on hardening.
TYPES
 Mass Concrete:- is defined by American concrete institute as:
“any value of concrete in which in combination of dimension of
member being cast, the boundary conditions, the characteristics
of the concrete mixture, and the ambient condition can lead to
undesirable thermal stresses, cracking, or reduction in the long
term strength as a result of elevated concrete temperature due to
heat from hydration.
 Reinforce Concrete:- is a concrete in which metal bars or wire
embedded to increase tensite strength.

FUNCTIONS
 The importance of the ingredient should be known before there
are used in cement concrete.
 It fills up void existing the fine aggregate and makes the concrete
impermeable.
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CHAPTER FIVE
DRAINAGE SYSTEM:-Is the pattern formed by the stream,
river, and lake in a particular drainage basin.

TYPES
1. Direct drainage system:-are one of the uks leading stokes’s
of klagaster product, part and sewage treatment system.
2. Indirect drainage system:-are air gap or air break two time
diameter of pipe or modify the plumbing by cutting the pipe
between the sink drain and the p-trap.
3.0 Drainage pipes include, 50 mm diameter liquid
3.1 Drainage pipes of 10 mm diameter solid material drainage
pipe and drainage channel that removes rain water.
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CHAPTER SIX
STAIR CASE:-Is a number of steps leading from one level to
another, and is function is to provide mean of movement between
floor to floor in story upper floor in case of fire accident.

TYPES OF STAIR CASE

1. Straight flight stair case
2. Open well stair case
3. Quarter turn stair case
4. Dogleg stair case
5. Spiral stair case
6. Elliptical stair case
7. Geometrical stair case
1. Straight flight stair case: This is kind of stair that has only one or
more flight in straight order and it has not more than fifteen steps
before landing.
2. Open well stair case: This is the kind of stair case which has two
quarter space of landing and space in between the two flights.
3. Quarter turn stair case: This is the kind of stair that one needs to
turn through a quarter circles from the first flight to the second flight.
4. Dogleg stair case: Is a kind of stair that two space landing with no
space in between first and the second flight.
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5. Spiral stair case: This is a kind of stair that one ascending will
have to turn to complete circle before he could reach the floor above.
FUNCTIONS OF STAIR CASE
i. Stability
ii. Fire resistance
iii. Sound isolation
iv. Strength
i. Stability: Is the ability to remain stable during landing and
vibration without segregation of the mix.
PART OF STAIR
1. Flight 2. Steps 3. Tread and riser 4. Riser and going.
i. Flight: Describes an uninterrupted series of step between floor or
between floor and landing.
ii. Steps: The steps of the stair may be constructed as a series, of
horizontal open treads with a space between the tread.
iii. Tread and riser: The horizontal surface of a tread is describes as
a tread and the vertical or hear vertical surface as the riser.
iv. Riser and going: The word describes the distance measured
vertical from the surface of a tread to the surface of the next or the
distance from the Bolton to the flight.
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 CHAPTER SEVEN
Specification: Is a direction carried out on the material to be used in
building work like an architect design.
Types of Specification
1. Architectural Specification: Are dimension on the drawing,
height of wall and roof, size and spacing of the roof member window,
door, plastering foundation and painting work.
2. Civil Engineer Specification: Are foundation depth, strength of
foundation and its load bearing capacity, structural reinforcement.
3. Quantity Surveyor Specification: Is an advice client on
complexity of design and contract award.
4. Electrical and Mechanical Engineers Specification: Give on the
use of electrical and plumbing fitting.

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 CHAPTER EIGHT
Scaffolding: Is the construction of steel or wood work that aid the
construction of block work which is also human height.
Types of Scaffolding
i. Dependent Scaffolding
ii. Independent Scaffolding
Qualities of Scaffolding
i. It must carry imposed load
ii. It must withstand the test of time
iii. It must not depend on any internal work
Uses
i. It is used for high rise building, bungalow, bridge, pedesterious
walk ways.

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 CHAPTER NINE
Contract: Is the agreement between two parties for a job to be carried
out, the other party accepting the responsibility that is binded by a
legal means:
i. Tender: Is a request/publication advertising a nature of contract to
be awarded and tender document, Architecture working drawing
services drawing of engineering electrical mechanical and bill of
quantities.
ii. Tenderal: Is a person/Quaision applying for the contract.
Types of contract
1. Lump some contract
2. Cost plus contract
3. Cost large contract
4. Negotiated contract
Contract award in terms of reference
1. Contract specification term/period of contract lasts.
2. Contact mobilization:- Is the release of contract sum for the
execution of project.
3. Contract revocation:- Is a term used to terminate contract from a
contractor.

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 CHAPTER TEN
Building maintenance:- Is actually a process by which a building is
kept usable at a pre-determined standard for the use and benefit of its
occupant or users.
Types of Building maintenance
1. Renovation: Is a process of improving a broken, damaged, or
outdated structure.
2. Rehabitation: Describes specialize health care dedicated to
improving, maintaining or restoring physical strength, cognition and
mobility with maximized result.
3. Under pining: Is a solid foundation laid below ground level to
support or strengthen a building.
or
A set of ideas, motives or devices which justify, form the basis for
something.
4. Correction: Is something that is suitable or proposed for what is
wrong or inaccurate.
5. Building climatology: Is the objective of building climate is to
archive a comfortable climate building by the use of energy saving
and suitable building technical requirement should be reduce to a
minimum in order to archive saving investment and operational cost.

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 CHAPTER ELEVEN
PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED
It is a critical clear that SIWES is an experience programme for all
students because it is in this programme that student will be impact to
withstand the challenges of life in the office after graduation.
But there are still some problems which encountered during the
experience which are as follows:
 Inadequate facilities in the office
 Insufficient funding of the programme
 No allowance to the student.

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 RECOMMENDATION
I hereby recommend this programme for all serious and eligible
students and urge them to take it serious, student should avail
themselves for this tremendous opportunity to learn during the
lecture room, but it during training that I was exposed to many
things that I need to know in my discipline practically and I am
so glad.
CONCLUSION
The experience was a great one, and I have learnt a lot from the
office.
I was exposed to many things like; Site plan, Site
investigation, Building team, Concrete, Drainage system, Stair
case, Specification, Scaffolding, Contract, Building maintenance.

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